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Open Access Article
1 - The Quranic Martyr in the History of Persian Poetry from Kasayee Maroozi to Behbahani Tajali
Azizollah SalariQuoting a Hadith from Imam Reza, distinguished interpreters of the Holy Quran argue that by “The Great Sacrifice” in the Holy Verse “And We sacrificed it with The Great Sacrifice”, the Holy Qur’an is pointing to Hussein b. Ali. He is &ldquo MoreQuoting a Hadith from Imam Reza, distinguished interpreters of the Holy Quran argue that by “The Great Sacrifice” in the Holy Verse “And We sacrificed it with The Great Sacrifice”, the Holy Qur’an is pointing to Hussein b. Ali. He is “God’s Sacrifice” and “God’s Blood” whose sacrifice occurred in 61 A.H. Definitely he is the most spiritual and Quranic martyr in human history. Therefore, Persian poets and authors have created significant and influential poems on the magnitude of Imam Hussein’s spiritual uprising. The most outstanding historical theme addressed by various Persian artists is the unique issue of Ashura which was realized through the brilliant acts of Hussein and his loyal and valiant comrades in Karbala. Being inspired by this great and invaluable epic, Persian artists have created a prominent literature, including the most eloquent and exalting poems on Ashura. The present article aims to review Ashura literature, from Kasayee Maroozi to Behbahani Tajali. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Analysis of Ritual Poetry in Hazeen Lahiji’s Divaan
Mahtab Ghodrat Akram Rahmani Abdol Reza Modarres ZadehRitual Literature is inextricably linked to the Persian thought and culture, and ritual Poetry is an important part of Persian Literature, and the poets give it special importance and prestige. It has a special position and background in Persian language. Ritual Poetry MoreRitual Literature is inextricably linked to the Persian thought and culture, and ritual Poetry is an important part of Persian Literature, and the poets give it special importance and prestige. It has a special position and background in Persian language. Ritual Poetry is a kind of poetry which is composed on rituals and many occasions in individual, social, national, religious and regional life. This kind of poetry contains the praise of the Holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH), Imams (PBUT), etc. With the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Ritual Poetry enters a new and unprecedented stage, and poets, due to the religious and epic nature of the revolution, turn to the Ritual Poetry in a different way than in the past. This study aims to investigate the position of the Ritual Poetry in the Divaan of one of the well-known poets of Guilan province, Hazeen Lahiji; and his Ritual poems, which are composed in the praise of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Imams (PBUT) etc., will be analyzed. The results of this study show that Hazeen Lahiji has paid special attention to great human virtues of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Imams (PBUT) in his poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Description of the shrine and servants of the eighth Imam (pbuh) in Razavi praises of the Safavid period
Fathemeh Taslim JahromiPersian poems are important from a cultural and sociological point of view, along with literary influence and message delivery. Due to the formalization of Shia religion from the Safavid period, this government took advantage of the existence of the Razavi court in Iran MorePersian poems are important from a cultural and sociological point of view, along with literary influence and message delivery. Due to the formalization of Shia religion from the Safavid period, this government took advantage of the existence of the Razavi court in Iran to expand its religious policies and encouraged poets to write religious praises. The poets of this period, in addition to praising the eighth Imam(pbuh), have also reflected the social situation, buildings and customs of the time, which is important from the point of view of the history of the development of Shia in Persian literature. In Razavi's praises during the Safavid period, some qualities of the shrine of the eighth Imam(pbuh) are mentioned, such as: tiling, perfumes, lighting of the shrine, various services of the shrine of Razavi, etc., which are in accordance with historical documents. Among them, the most content of Razavi's praises is about the brightness and fragrance of the Holy Shrine, which is completely consistent with the intention of the founders and the number of Razavi's dedication letters to allocate these two things in the 10th to 12th centuries. The quality of the pilgrimage and the description of the pilgrims and the shrine of Razavi during this period are reflected in the praises of Razavi by Saeb Tabrizi and Ashraf Mazandarani. In spite of these references, the poets of this period paid more attention to generalities along with imagination and imagery in composing these poems, and there are less detailed descriptions about Razavi's shrine in their poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Ritual Blank Verse
Zahra Mahmoodi Abbas MahyarDuring the emergence of modern poetry in Iran and the literary ups and downs after Nima’s revision in Persian Poetry, many poets combined literary genres with socio-political motifs and experienced new literary works. A few others, however, favored religious and t MoreDuring the emergence of modern poetry in Iran and the literary ups and downs after Nima’s revision in Persian Poetry, many poets combined literary genres with socio-political motifs and experienced new literary works. A few others, however, favored religious and theistic motifs for one reason or another. The focus of this research is the history of ritual blank verse in Iran as well as introducing the after-Islamic-revolution works that affected by Ashura teachings brought up a new trend in Iranian contemporary verse. This trend, as a new approach, now is very important to some poets and they are experiencing it. This research also aims at investigating the role of some pre-revolution poets in bringing up this new type of poetry and the main elements of blank verse as used by them Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Religious and Mystical Themes in the Ritual Poetry (Case Study: Qazveh, Sabzevari, Harati)
Belgheys Sobhani safa taslimi Ali FallahRitual or religious poetry is a type of committed poetry that has a purely religious aspect in terms of spirituality and content and originates from revelatory and religious teachings in the shadow of prophetic, Alawite, Fatimid, Razavi, Mahdavi, and Ashura poetry. To t MoreRitual or religious poetry is a type of committed poetry that has a purely religious aspect in terms of spirituality and content and originates from revelatory and religious teachings in the shadow of prophetic, Alawite, Fatimid, Razavi, Mahdavi, and Ashura poetry. To take. This type of poetry has a unique semantic fit with mysticism and Sufism, because mystical and mystical poets, like religious poets, and in comparison with other poets of Persian literature in their religious poems have paid special attention to religious intellectual structures, significant presence and commitment. Serious attention to religious themes, Quran and hadiths and religious terms, and at the same time mastering the whole, illustrating these meanings to the semantic proportions of words, extensive use of imaginary forms, especially similes and enrichment to imaginary music, etc. in all works These poets are increasingly showing their convergence with ritual and religious poetry. In this article, the authors intend to consider the themes of the mystical poems of three poets of modern poetry, including Qazveh, Sabzevari, and Harati, from a ritualistic intellectual point of view, and to examine these poems carefully and meticulously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - An Aesthetical crticism of Qeisar Aminpour's Ashura-Related Poetical Codes
Mazaher Zamani Nematsara Mohammad Reza Zaman AhmadiThe linkage of Ashura event with Iran" s culture and thought has made these poems highly important. The event of Ashura and the poems on it form the basic axis of Aminpour's poems, making him an important figure in this respect. The present research tries to criti MoreThe linkage of Ashura event with Iran" s culture and thought has made these poems highly important. The event of Ashura and the poems on it form the basic axis of Aminpour's poems, making him an important figure in this respect. The present research tries to criticize his Ashura related poems from the perpective of modernism, images and scientific discourse. The findings indicate that Aminpour Ashura related poems distant from extremism, analogy and stereotypes and modified the trend of modernism in these poetical codes. He has rendered new pictures based on his owm experiences and has applied a rational , critical and scientific approach in Ashura - centered poems while avoiding populism and creating a spectacular change in this respect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Examining the Indicators of Lyrical Literature in the Ritual Poems of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar
Shabnam Karimshahi Malayeri reza sadeghi shahpar Hojatolah GhmoniriPredominance of the poet’s emotions has made Ritual poetry one of the most significant types of lyrical literature; accordingly, most of the form and content indicators of lyrical literature are used in its substance. This research aims to investigate and explain MorePredominance of the poet’s emotions has made Ritual poetry one of the most significant types of lyrical literature; accordingly, most of the form and content indicators of lyrical literature are used in its substance. This research aims to investigate and explain the reflection of the features of lyrical literature in the ritual poems of Persian Constitutional era - a case study of the ritual poems of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar. Bahar, one of the most prominent poets of the Constitutional period and the poet laureate of Astan Quds Razavi, had a long career in composing religious poems, especially in lamentation of the Prophet and the infallible Imams. He portrayed the true face of the Holy figures with an imagination full of emotion and feeling, and described them in the mirror of poetry via a lyrical language. The current research is conducted with a descriptive analytical approach using library research method, and seeks to examine the quantity and quality of the features of lyrical literature in the ritual poetry of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar in order to show their frequency and prominence. The result of the research shows that the content indicators such as description, pessimistic view of the times, reference to religious holidays and the birth of the Holy figures, etc. in Bahar's poetry originate from the poet's emotion (sorrow and happiness), and have been shown in the rhetorical structure (formal indicators) through simile and metaphor, as well as in the lyrical language of the poems through alliteration and lyrical music. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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manoochehr akbari malihe kheyri -
Open Access Article
9 - The analytic study of battle with dragon from myth and epic to religious poetry emphasizing upon the dragon being killed at the cradle by Imam Ali
Reza shajari Elham Arabshahi kashiAbstractBattle with dragon is one of the most exciting adventures in the mythological and heroic history that had always been the center of attention. Little by little, it found its way into religious poetry being regarded as an important achievement for religious heroe MoreAbstractBattle with dragon is one of the most exciting adventures in the mythological and heroic history that had always been the center of attention. Little by little, it found its way into religious poetry being regarded as an important achievement for religious heroes, as many poets from the 7th century till present refer to the event of slaying the dragon by Imam Ali in the cradle. The oldest narrative source of this story is Manaqib Ibn Shahr Ashub in the 6th century Hijra. However, in other authentic Shi’a and Sunni texts and sources such as Shavahed al Tanzil by Haskani, Manaqib by Kharazmi, and Manaqib Ali Ibn Abi Talib by Aljallabi al Shafeei there are no references to this story. This research is concerned with the study and analysis of the theme of dragon killing in both myth and epic, paying particular attention to the slaying dragon by Imam Ali in cradle, also dealing with the reasons behind the frequent growth of this theme in religious poetry. The fame of this theme in the field of divine religions could be a symbolic discussion, dragon being the symbol of either external enemies including Ahriman, Anti religion enemies or internal enemies such as Nafs or lower soul. All saints could at some point overcome this latter enemy and in case of Imam Ali dragon can be regarded as both internal and external enemy. Due to having an epic prestigious form, this tale not only during human history but also within the domain of religious poetry have been tremendously received. Manuscript profile
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