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        1 - Comparison toxicity of some botanical and chemical pesticides on greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) in laboratory and greenhouse and semi-field condition
        A. Moazeni M. R. Bagheri B. Amiri-Besheli M. R. Shahsavari
        The effect of three botanical insecticides (sirinol, palizin and tondexir) and one chemical insecticide (imidacloprid) on Trialeurodes vaporariorum has been investigated in laborarory and greenhouse conditions.The four insecticides were used with different doses of 0.5, More
        The effect of three botanical insecticides (sirinol, palizin and tondexir) and one chemical insecticide (imidacloprid) on Trialeurodes vaporariorum has been investigated in laborarory and greenhouse conditions.The four insecticides were used with different doses of 0.5, 0.9, 1.8 and 3 ml/lit respectively. The leaf-dip assay for nymph and glass tube assay for adult were used. Also the effect of these insecticide on tomato plants in green house was studied. There were significant differences among used insecticides and interaction between doses and insecticides on all nymphal stages and adults of the greenhouse whitefly (GW). The mortality rate increases with increasing doses and decreases with increasing nymphal age. There were not significant differences among different doses of Imidicloprid  and Tondexir (3 ml/l) on the first, second and third instar nymph of GW in leaf-dip assay. The imidicloprid (3 ml/l) had the highest mortality on fourth instar nymph of GW and was categorized in separate group. Also in pot experiment the highest mortality in all of nymphal instars was for Imidicloprid 3 ml/l, however the tondexir 3ml/l had similar affect on second instar nymph. The highest mortality in adults (with no significant differences) occurred using Imidicloprid was obtained with Imidicloprid (3 ml/l), Tondexir (3 ml/l), Palizin (3 ml/l), Imidicloprid (1.8 ml/l) and Sirinol (3 ml/l) with 98.03, 96.07, 96.07, 96.07 and 94.11 % mortality respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Investigation on the effect of some botanical and chemical insecticides on the predatory bug Macrolophus caliginosus (Heteroptera:Miridae) the predator of greenhouse whitefly
        A. Moazeni M. R. Bagheri B. Amiri-Besheli M. R. Shahsavari
        One of the common methods for controlling of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato greenhouses is use of chemical and botanical insecticides. To evaluate the effects of these insecticides on adult female of predatory bug Macrolophus caliginosus these r More
        One of the common methods for controlling of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato greenhouses is use of chemical and botanical insecticides. To evaluate the effects of these insecticides on adult female of predatory bug Macrolophus caliginosus these research  was carried out using botanical insecticides (Sirinol, Palizin and Tondexir) and chemical insecticide (Imidacloprid) in 0, 0.5, 0.9, 1/8 and 3 ml/l in three methods; glassy tubes in laboratory, pot and greenhouse experiments on tomato plant. There were significant differences between treatments, doses and interaction of doses and treatments. The mortality was increased with increasing the doses. 48 hours after  spraying, highest and the least mortality was caused by Imidichloprid (3 ml/l.) with 100% and Palizin (0.5 ml/l.) with 23.8 % mortality, respectively. In pot method, the highest mortality of predatory bug was caused by Imidichloprid (3, 1.8 ml/l.) with 97.23 and 94.34%, and the least mortality was caused by Palizin (0.5 and 0.9 ml/l.) with 20.17 and 21.14 %. Imidichloprid (3, 1.8 ml/l.) had the highest mortality with 94.46 and 92.66 % and Palizin (0.5 and 0.9 ml/l.) had the least mortality with 17.5 and 18 % on predatory bugs in greenhouse condition. In all three methods, there were significant difference between Imidichloprid (all doses) and the other botanical insecticides. These results show that the botanical insecticides could be used as natural products in IPM programs to protect the natural enemies. Manuscript profile