سازمان ملل متحد

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1 - بررسی آزادی مذهب در ژئوپلیتیک مذهبی عربستان سعودی با تأکید بر چارچوب حقوق مذهبی مورد حمایت سازمان ملل متحد
هیبت الله نژندی منش زینب فیروزی

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2 - نظام حقوق بشر در ارکان سازمان ملل متحد
هژار محمودی ابومحمد عسگرخانی سید باقر میرعباسی

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3 - بررسی تطبیقی معاهده مقر سازمان ملل و حقوق بین الملل حج
حکیمه سادات شهید حسینی محمد ادیبی مهر مرتضی براتی

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4 - a
علی قاسمیان

a

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5 - A Study of the Possibility of Demanding Ecological Reparation of Iran-Iraq War from International Court of Justice
Sayed Abbas Poor Hashemi Ali Faghieh Habibi

Every country can refer one’s own dispute with another country to international court of Justice. Neither international nor the legal proceedings of the court have any regulation to restrict the non-members of the court to refer their dispute to the court. Accepta More

Every country can refer one’s own dispute with another country to international court of Justice. Neither international nor the legal proceedings of the court have any regulation to restrict the non-members of the court to refer their dispute to the court. Acceptance of the jurisdiction of the court by members of the court is defined in article 36 of constitution and the events and circumstances described in it. The examination of the behavior of the court in cases that resort to force had taken place shows that the court as a legal organ has tried to obtain its jurisdiction within the framework of declarations and efforts and studies the legal aspect of each issue or international dispute including resort to force. Although on this issue, many jurists disagree and are of the view that resort to force can be politically interpreted and the court should not have absolute authority to examine the cases. The International Court of Justice otherwise have obligatory jurisdiction on cases which compulsory international norms (jus cogens) are violated and the court on cases that the sovereignty of a member of the United Nations is violated by another member can declare the aggressor as responsible and the latter must compensate the loss. In the case of Iran-Iraq war enormous damage were inflicted on eco system as well as human beings and these losses have so far not been compensated. Present article by referring to norms of international law wants to find out the possibility of demanding ecological compensation by suing a case in International Court of Justice Manuscript profile

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6 - Nuclear Terrorism: Conceptual Explanation within the Framework of the United Nation’s Performance
Alireza Golshani Haydar Babanasab Ali Bagheri Mahmoudabadi

Nuclear terrorism is one of the most dangerous and terrible menace for human society and therefore, a serious threat and danger for peace and international security. The United Nations in the direction of fighting and containing nuclear terrorism and maintaining peace a More

Nuclear terrorism is one of the most dangerous and terrible menace for human society and therefore, a serious threat and danger for peace and international security. The United Nations in the direction of fighting and containing nuclear terrorism and maintaining peace and international security has taken several legal steps. The occurrence of September 11, 2001 terrorist events and the possibility of committing similar terrorist acts with nuclear material added urgency to the fight against this kind of terrorism. The Security Council of the United Nations in resolution number 1540 in the year 2004 obligated all the governments to take necessary measures to control and protect nuclear material and prevent the proliferation and expansion of nuclear weapons, and in this way stop nuclear terrorism. Besides this one of the important measures taken in this regard with the initiative of General Assembly and International Atomic Energy Agency was the approval of a convention in 2005 in the General Assembly of the United Nations with a unanimous vote. On the 7th July 2007 after the receipt of twenty second approval document as the thirteenth international anti-terrorist convention put into effect and is binding on all the members. In this convention which includes 28 articles, the legitimate right of all countries for exploitation and peaceful use of nuclear energy was reiterated. This convention is the most important convention of the United Nations about terrorism. The authors of the present article want to describe the legal steps which have been taken in these international institutions, like the measures taken by General Assembly, Security Council and International Atomic Energy Agency, in the direction of flight against terrorism and maintaining peace and international security. Manuscript profile

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7 - بررسی آزادی مذهب در ژئوپلیتیک مذهبی عربستان سعودی با تأکید بر چارچوب حقوق مذهبی مورد حمایت سازمان ملل متحد
هیبت الله نژندی منش زینب فیروزی

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8 - The challenges of Applying Global Jurisdiction in Dealing with Cyber Terrorism
Hasan Movassaghi

Undoubtedly, one of the crimes that threatens the peace and internal security of countries and the international community in a mysterious and widespread way is the crime of terrorism, which has caused deep concern for almost all the nations and states of the world, and More

Undoubtedly, one of the crimes that threatens the peace and internal security of countries and the international community in a mysterious and widespread way is the crime of terrorism, which has caused deep concern for almost all the nations and states of the world, and dealing with it as a Erga Omnes obligation Inclusion is demanded from all countries and because some Countries do not have the experience of threats and terrorist attacks, they have no desire and inclination to cooperate with the international community to eliminate the crime of terrorism And this seemingly simple issue has caused the continuation of terrorist attacks in the world. In this research, we will deal with the obstacles of applying the principle of universal jurisdiction in the fight against terrorism and we will provide guidelines for its acceptance and application. The research method in this article is descriptive and comparative, and the findings of the research show that the governments act completely monopolistically in the field of jurisdiction of the domestic courts, and it does not go too far to exercise global jurisdiction. Manuscript profile

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9 - نقش دبیر کل سازمان ملل متحد در حفظ و برقراری صلح و امنیت بین المللی
حسین زارع شعار

10.30495/alr.2021.538068.1151

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10 - مطالعه ی تطبیقی نحوهی اعمال معیار منشور ملل متحد برای عضویت دولتها در مورد فلسطین و سودان جنوبی
علیرضا ظاهری مریم رضایی تبار

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11 - The Behavior of the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Towards the United Nations in the Years 2013 to 2021
fatemeh sadat mirkhan reza simbar Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Mohammadreza Ghaedi

The United Nations is one of the international organizations and the most important organization that consists of all countries of the world and its pillars play a key role in international relations. The Islamic Republic of Iran, like other countries in the world, is a More

The United Nations is one of the international organizations and the most important organization that consists of all countries of the world and its pillars play a key role in international relations. The Islamic Republic of Iran, like other countries in the world, is a member of this organization. Our country, Iran, as an ancient country and civilization, urgently needs a fundamental re-reading of its relations and attitude towards the United Nations and its pillars. The main purpose of this article is to analyze and recognize the behavior of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the United Nations in the period of 1392 (2013) to 1400 (2021); The main question is what was the attitude of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the United Nations in the years 1392 to 1400? The researcher tries to reach an appropriate answer to this question with a theoretical approach to defensive realism, and with a descriptive-analytical research method and data collection tools of libraries and Internet sites. The results of the research show that the main problem of Iran's foreign policy towards the United Nations is its sinusoidal nature. And the solution to this problem is that Iran can play a more effective role in the United Nations by changing its sinusoidal foreign policy towards the organization and trying to establish various consultations for its reform. Manuscript profile

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12 - Threats to international peace and security from the Failed State (Case study: Somalia)
mahdi Baghban babak naderpor

The security issues of the world today have a certain entanglement and complexity that each of which can lead to other security issues. one of these new issues is the collapse of government. the issues of the failure of governments in matter of international peace and s More

The security issues of the world today have a certain entanglement and complexity that each of which can lead to other security issues. one of these new issues is the collapse of government. the issues of the failure of governments in matter of international peace and security was first raised by the united states of America after 11 September. however, the international community has not had a clear understanding of the threat to international peace and security posed by the collapse of government. in this regard, a study of UN resolutions on the crisis in Somalia, which has been recognized as a failed state in the world for three decades since 1991, seeks to identify the various threats to international peace and security caused by collapse governments came out. In this descriptive content analysis study, 97 UN resolutions on the Somalia crisis were analyzed. as a result. it has been determined that the failure of government will pose at least 13 types of threats to international peace and security. Manuscript profile

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13 - Impact of United Nations Development Plans on Development Programs of Iran
Ramezan Esmail Asadi Mahnaz Goodarzi

Abstract: The United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDP) is being developed in a consultative process between the agency's development agencies and member states, and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is also one of a set of United Nations speci More

Abstract: The United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDP) is being developed in a consultative process between the agency's development agencies and member states, and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is also one of a set of United Nations specialized agencies dedicated to developing countries and Underdeveloped was formed in 1966. Development in any country occurs when planners develop strong programs that fit the environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of United Nations development plans on the development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran (opportunities and challenges). The quest for this research is to answer the question of how did the United Nations Development Plans affect the development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDP) is divided into four groups: Environment, Health, Resistance Economics and Drug Control. In this study, a descriptive-analytical method has been used. The results of the study showed that the United Nations Development Plans as an independent and exorbitant variable influenced the development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a dependent variable, and the transformation of the United Nations development programs into the development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran Has undergone transformation. Manuscript profile

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14 - Comparative Study of the Effect of Developmental Policies of the UN on Human Development in South Africa and Iran
Tahereh Ebrahimifar Turaj Akhavan

Abstract Developmental policies of the UN with an aim to reach constant development and human development protect people against the elements which endanger the human’s values and wellbeing. Meanwhile, specialized organizations affiliated to the UN and some subse More

Abstract Developmental policies of the UN with an aim to reach constant development and human development protect people against the elements which endanger the human’s values and wellbeing. Meanwhile, specialized organizations affiliated to the UN and some subsets of this organization play an important role in execution of developmental policies of the UN in under-development countries. In this research we study the role of these organizations in improving the level of human development in two countries of Iran and South Africa. In this paper, we focus on evaluation of the level of human development, according to the annual report of the UN on human development and the indexes which the UN determined for this evaluation. These indexes include: rate of per capita production, life expectancy and educational and health status. Life standards of citizens are considered good tools for studying the development and welfare status according to the developmental policies of the UN in Iran and South Africa.     Manuscript profile

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15 - The German defense and security policy in the period after the cold war: From national strategy to regional and international responsibility
Mohammad Tabatabaei Jabbar Khodadust

With the unification of Germany and the collapse of the bipolar system, the country's foreign policy and security as well as having an extensive transformation . So According to the economic power, the population and the geopolitic position of the German caused Complete More

With the unification of Germany and the collapse of the bipolar system, the country's foreign policy and security as well as having an extensive transformation . So According to the economic power, the population and the geopolitic position of the German caused Completely new conditions for playing a more active role in the country's economic, political, defense and regional and international security.This research intends to use research methods and analytical -explanatory compiled a library of resources to techniques, to examine the changes and evolution of the defense and security policy in Germany in the period after the cold war. The hypothesis of this research is based on the claim that the resulting space after the end of the cold war and developments in the regional and international level, such as the breakdown of Yugoslavia, the Balkan crisis and the events of September 11, 2001 caused a fundamental transformation in the German defense and security policy, and this country is to adopt an active regional and international strategy . Manuscript profile

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16 - International Law and Terrorism Issue
Kabak Khabiri Maral Darbandi

Abstract ُSecurity Council of the United Nation Organization, as the only place which has legal right and is authorized to use force in the international interactions. Important developments have occurred in multilateral international treaties between the Convention fo More

Abstract ُSecurity Council of the United Nation Organization, as the only place which has legal right and is authorized to use force in the international interactions. Important developments have occurred in multilateral international treaties between the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism of 1937 and the Inter- American Convention against Terrorism of 2002. This article attempts to explore the question of changes which is occurred, as well as whether these laws have been an effective legal response in combating terrorism. After differentiating between comprehensive and sectoral conventions and between universal and regional conventions, the article comparatively analyzes them based on definitions of offenses, the extent of criminalization, exceptions concerning scope of application, measures to be taken by the states parties, obligatory and optional jurisdiction, obligations of states in the sphere of legal cooperation and assistance, rights of the offender, extradition, exceptions from extradition or legal assistance, and issues not covered by the conventions. Solutions proved to be the most effective against international terrorism and discrepancies and overlaps between the conventions are discussed.   Manuscript profile

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17 - The theory of Feminism and its Impacts on the United Nations Actions The theory of Feminism and its Impacts on the United Nations Actions In Support of Women’s Right
Soraya Tayebi

The United Nation as the most important international organization, has played a very important role in promoting the status of women in the world, and since its inception, it has placed women’s rights on its agenda and through the adoption of resolutions, declara More

The United Nation as the most important international organization, has played a very important role in promoting the status of women in the world, and since its inception, it has placed women’s rights on its agenda and through the adoption of resolutions, declaration, covenants, conventions and holding international conferences and meetings, it has taken effective steps in this regard. The theory of feminism, specially liberal feminism which is considered in the framework of critical theories of international relations, and is one of the main concerns of those who believe in this movement has attempt to put an end to gender inequality and in support of women’s rights, it has helped the united nations to take effective actions to promote women’s status in the world. The present paper seeks to assess the relationship between feminist theory and its impacts on UN actions and in general, the role that this critical approach has placed in promoting the status of women and protecting women’s rights. In line with the subject, raised in this paper, the research question is how feminist approach has been able to influence the United Nations actions to protect women’s rights. In response, it seems that this critical approach from the very beginning of the United Nations had been able to take effective actions in achieving the desired goals and status of women’s rights, in light of Security Council resolution, 1325. Manuscript profile

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18 - Analyzing the role of the UN Security Council to prevent war in the Middle East
samira kohan khaki Behzad Ghaffari benam

The Security Council, with the limits of authority defined by the United Nations Charter, is the executive of the common security system and is responsible for establishing order and security in the world. This research is considering the great importance of the role of More

The Security Council, with the limits of authority defined by the United Nations Charter, is the executive of the common security system and is responsible for establishing order and security in the world. This research is considering the great importance of the role of the United Nations Security Council in order to prevent war in the Middle East, therefore, to answer this question, the role of the United Nations Security Council for the prevention of war in the Middle East is first discussed and with the aim of explaining the security tools The United Nations is preventing war by focusing on the Middle East. The methodology of the descriptive-analytical article gives a scientific answer to the posed question with the argumentative method of content analysis and using library resources. And then by explaining the effective factors in strengthening the role of the Security Council and increasing efficiency in preventing war in the Middle East and stating its importance, we reach the conclusion that there is an undeniable connection between the role of the United Nations Security Council in order to prevent war in the Middle East. And there is an unbreakable relationship that unfortunately cannot be done Manuscript profile

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