زهد

Open Access Article

1 - نقش شاکی خصوصی در فرآیند دادرسی جرایم غیرقابل گذشت در دادسرا
مریم سادات مصطفوی مرتضی ناجی زواره

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Impasse of the Text in Margins A Response to “An Inquiry into the Possibility of so Translating Heidegger’s Sein und Zeit into Persian that such a Book Deserves” written by P. Zia’ Shahabi
سیاوش جمادی

The article written by P. Zia’ Shahabi consists mainly of a critique of twoPersian translations of Heidegger’s Being and Time, which have beenrecently published. My article is not as a response to his whole article;rather, it is a response to that part of hi More

The article written by P. Zia’ Shahabi consists mainly of a critique of twoPersian translations of Heidegger’s Being and Time, which have beenrecently published. My article is not as a response to his whole article;rather, it is a response to that part of his article which is directly concernedto my translation. I also assess his critique and method in general. Noneed to say that any point of his critique which is correct is boldlyacknowledged and appreciated. Some points are incorrect which arerefuted through exposing sufficient argumentation (or reasoning). Someother points which seem neither correct nor incorrect, stimulating me tomodify my translation, are explicated. (I, of course, do so accompanyingwith appreciation and thanks!)Saying thanks is not formal and a mere nonsensical appreciation, thoughsuch a formality is in vogue. Wherever there is philosophical thinking ,particularly phenomenological thinking, whatever is “hors de sujet”,including personal implausibility and individual pain, ought to bedismissed. According to Aristotle: ‘Amicus Plato, set magis amicarerites’.Finally, there are two points which are important: first, answering to all ofthe critic’s notes is impossible because of the standards of this journal(about the bulk of content). Second, following the critic, I would make useof his Persian transliteration of Heidegger’s name except in quotations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - ascerrticism contents in khaghanee and Abolatahiye's poetry
Shima Faraji Far Shima Faraji Far

Asceticism and contents related to it have always been the center of attention for poets and writers in Persian and Arabic literature. Abolatahiye, the prominent Arab poet, is one of the pioneers in this field. In the Persian poetry Khaghanee is in the course of enrichm More

Asceticism and contents related to it have always been the center of attention for poets and writers in Persian and Arabic literature. Abolatahiye, the prominent Arab poet, is one of the pioneers in this field. In the Persian poetry Khaghanee is in the course of enrichment of asceticism and research poetry that before him poets such Kasaee, Roodaki, Sanaee etc. had the experience of using it which finally Sanaee took it to the highest point. The existence of common asceticism consents caused that the poetry of Khaghanee and Abolatahiye brings under investigation and comparison. Furthermore, the affiliation of these two poets to the royal court, their interest for attracting readers and their imprisonment for a short time are some of the common points of these two poets. Material world and subjects related to it avoidance of greediness, avidity, avarice, recommendation for contentment, death and contents related to it are subjects that have studied in this research paper. The result of this investigation showed that, on the one hand both poets have their own special views, although; khaghanee has different views toward the word in compare with abolatahiye and the death in Abolatahiye's poetry is more prominent. On the other hand, the common points in the verses of these two poets are more than the differences which originates from their Iranian and Arabic culture as well as koranic verses and hadithes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Comparative Study and Analysis of Devotion Concepts in Imam Hossein – Related Divan and Hafez Divan
Morteza Barari Raesi Hossein Taktabar Firouzjaei

Imam Hossein – lord of devotion and one of the greatest religious characters – whose poets are of much value and his devotion related concepts could be seen in Hafez Divan. Some of these concepts are blaming this world and secularism, avoiding acquisitivenes More

Imam Hossein – lord of devotion and one of the greatest religious characters – whose poets are of much value and his devotion related concepts could be seen in Hafez Divan. Some of these concepts are blaming this world and secularism, avoiding acquisitiveness, blaming pride, thinking about death, avoiding guilt and corruption, modesty and humility, repentance and contentment. It is remarkable to mention that Imam Hossein and Hafez both applied simple language as well as Quranic concepts, simple terms and expressions and enjoyable rhyme and rhythm. Imam has enjoyed less imageries while they can be seen in Hafez's a lot. Thus the present article attempts to study Imam's devotions in Hafez Divan in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Hermitry in Naserkhosrow and Abolatahiyeh’s Poetry
Maryam Mahmoodi

Hermitry is one of the major contents of the Persian and Arabic poetry and literature that is among major themes in the Aboatahiyeh’s poetry of abstention and research,who is the poet of 2th and 3th century A.H. It might be true that in the developm More

Hermitry is one of the major contents of the Persian and Arabic poetry and literature that is among major themes in the Aboatahiyeh’s poetry of abstention and research,who is the poet of 2th and 3th century A.H. It might be true that in the development of asceticism and research poetry in the Persian literature, Naserkhosrou is the first poet and Sanaee is the highest one. The purpose of the present paper is to find common points of these two poets such as highly frequent contents, connection with the court and their abandonments.World images that exist in the minds of Naserkhosrou and Aboatahiyeh are well expressed through lexicons.These images represent their real characters. Mental pictures depicted by Aboatahiyeh are not ugly and unfavorable; however, they are sometimes philosophical. Finally, it should be said that both poets have many recommendations for staying away from material world. The main reason of both poets is the same; namely, instability and temporariness of the world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The influence of the Koran’s Commands and Prohibitions in ascetic discourses of the Abbasid Era
hossain imanian zohreh naderi

Abstract The authors of this article believe that the style of "Commands and Prohibitions" is largely influenced by Arabic environment, and religious texts, especially the holy book the Qur'an. This effect is observed on the surface and in the infrastructure of the asc More

Abstract The authors of this article believe that the style of "Commands and Prohibitions" is largely influenced by Arabic environment, and religious texts, especially the holy book the Qur'an. This effect is observed on the surface and in the infrastructure of the ascetic songs. It seems that the kind of discourse in the Abbasids society that is studied in this paper has the most influence in forming such a discursive practice in the literature of the age of that era. In other words, the discourse style of these texts shows personality, attitude, mentality and the wisdom of the people of that age. The speaker’s self-fascination and egoism and inattention towards the audience, are the abstract of the commands and prohibitions in the ascetic texts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Alienation in Abu Isaac Albiri’s Poetry
Abbas Yadollahi Farsani Zeinab Rezapoor

Alienation and isolation is of the concepts which is of antiquity in literature, and has been emerged as the result of unorganized political, social and economic conditions in human societies. The present paper seeks to investigate alienation, its concept and reflection More

Alienation and isolation is of the concepts which is of antiquity in literature, and has been emerged as the result of unorganized political, social and economic conditions in human societies. The present paper seeks to investigate alienation, its concept and reflections in Abu Isaac Albiri poetry.  He was living in an environment that was replete with political and intellectual struggles and religious rigidities that paved the ground for the isolation in his poetry. In fact the religious and profligacy were two main factors. Thus riot against social values can be seen in his poetry.  The most important reflections of alienation in in his poetry include religious, situational, social and mental alienation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Study and Analysis of “Zohdyyat” by Abul Atahie
Zahra Saeedi

The present article studies the reality of “Zohdyyat” by Abul Atahie. Has Abul Atahie been a real pious? Or has he chosen piety as a technic for poetry? Is his piety Islamic? Or is it spiritual? Or is he an infidel? The present article tries to stu More

The present article studies the reality of “Zohdyyat” by Abul Atahie. Has Abul Atahie been a real pious? Or has he chosen piety as a technic for poetry? Is his piety Islamic? Or is it spiritual? Or is he an infidel? The present article tries to study the doubts and accusations in this regard so that we will know the reality of his “Zohdyyat”. For the sake of this reason we first study the elements which led him toward this type of poetry and then through his life background we will determine whether the origins of his piety are Islamic or not. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Islamic asceticism and the evolution to mysticism from second century to fourth century
Yousof Hadipour Nehzomi

The present article is an attempt to study the appearance of asceticism and it’s development to mysticism ofter coming islamic religion.There are a lot of different views about the priority of asceticism to Sufism or the priority of Sufism to asceticism.The histor More

The present article is an attempt to study the appearance of asceticism and it’s development to mysticism ofter coming islamic religion.There are a lot of different views about the priority of asceticism to Sufism or the priority of Sufism to asceticism.The historical guidances prove that this evolution is accomplished from fear of God and his hell in to asceticism and abandonment of the life and then into mysticism and gnosticism ending to fall in love with God. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - appearance of the fellowers in sanaees post
zahra dorri mehrnaz dastangho

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Sofian Souri as Depicted in the Mysticism
Maryam Karamlou ahmad zakeri

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Criticizing governments, from the viewpoint of abstinence and piety
maseih Bahramiyan maryam Bolouri

One of the contents in this respect and farsi Literature  is abstinence and withdrawal from the world. The culture that had endowed the pioneers and followers with the attribute of broadmindedness, and the clear evidence of this matter is avoiding companionship wit More

One of the contents in this respect and farsi Literature  is abstinence and withdrawal from the world. The culture that had endowed the pioneers and followers with the attribute of broadmindedness, and the clear evidence of this matter is avoiding companionship with powerful individuals.  We have disregarded the explicit explanations about the meaning and history of abstinence.  What are dealt with in this article are the abstinent thoughts and also its different approaches in withdrawal from the world and putting aside the materialistic powers.  We have also considered abstinence and piety with precision, through a new look, in order to show that not all the people accounted for that group are necessarily with holy behaviors, although the evidence regarding our claim at this time is merely Farsi texts and prose, which of course undoubtedly could reflect the truth of our time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Monasticism in the Breadth Of Relations
Zakiyeh Fattahi Shahram Pazooki

Piety and abstinence is one of the most important characteristics of religion so that they have made a lot of people secluded and monastic. Monasticism is mostly and generally accepted by some religions such as Christianity. As for monasticism in Islam, the best way is More

Piety and abstinence is one of the most important characteristics of religion so that they have made a lot of people secluded and monastic. Monasticism is mostly and generally accepted by some religions such as Christianity. As for monasticism in Islam, the best way is utilizing the Koran and relations attributed to religious saints. As evident in Islamic sources, the Almighty has pointed to monasticism in four verses of the Koran. To have more understanding on the concept of monasticism, the Islamic commentators including both Shiite and Sunny have their own comments so that the accurate conceptual meaning of the word has come to be difficult. Therefore, it should be commented out of the relations and prophet traditions. This paper is up to investigating the content of some relations as well as the true perspective of Islam on the better understanding of monasticism. Thus, it is endeavored to analyze the two categories of relations on the rejection and confirmation of monasticism and its manifestation in Shiite and Sunny sources that have had two different inferences on the positive and negative meaning of monasticism, together with the conflict and paradox of the two concepts from the Islam point of view. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Study of Ascetism in Hamdoon Qassar's and Lao Tzu's Thoughts: with an Emphasis on Blame and Wu Wei
Ghorban Elmi Hossein Omidi

This paper together with the use of firsthand sources through descriptive – analytic method deals with comparing the concept of asceticism in the thoughts of Hamdoon GHassar, the Islamic Sufi in Three century, and Lao Tzu, the primitive ascetic in Taoism. The necessity More

This paper together with the use of firsthand sources through descriptive – analytic method deals with comparing the concept of asceticism in the thoughts of Hamdoon GHassar, the Islamic Sufi in Three century, and Lao Tzu, the primitive ascetic in Taoism. The necessity of this search is according to primitive similarities of Taoism and Sufism school of thought in the concepts of Mallamat and Wu Wei. This similarities cause a comparative researcher to be Interested in this Field. It Takes Result that The Conception of Wu wei in the Thoughts of Lieh tzu Has a Yogi Tradition That Although It Has Positive Features Such as Doing in Reticence, Sincerity, Path and Refusal of Formalism, Nevertheless, Reception of That Lead to Poverty, Inaction, Non Responsibility, Indifference and Extremist Ascetic. But The conception of Mallammat in the Thoughts of Hamdoon Has a Semitic Tradition That Its Basic Foundation is on Pragmatic, More Responsibility, Keeping of Piety And Honesty. Thereupon The Conception of Asceticism in the Thoughts of Both is Difference. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Mysticism in Babataher’s Belief
Ghadamali Sarami Behrooz Kheiriyeh

Baba Taher Hamadani and the enlightened mystic known fifth century AD, which is juicy and meaningful couplet couplet him among the most prominent Iranian literary history is considered. Demonstrates knowledge of the principles of his religious poems harmonic pleasan More

Baba Taher Hamadani and the enlightened mystic known fifth century AD, which is juicy and meaningful couplet couplet him among the most prominent Iranian literary history is considered. Demonstrates knowledge of the principles of his religious poems harmonic pleasant and mystical delicacy. But because his lyrics have changed over time and what was recorded in the books about the history of various mythical is idea the character and the way in an aura of ambiguity has gone down. Therefore, in this study we have attempted to examine the remains of his poems and some brief sentences also citing the opinions of the authors and researchers, and thought his perspective on things mystical to examine. Hoping to take a step forward in this field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Mystical Position of Imam Sajjad (PBUH) among Sufis and Mystics
Mohammad Javad Shams Vahid Mahmoodi

Due to asceticism and prayer and beautiful and rich Hymns for Sufis, Imam Sajjad has a special scientific and practical place; from Scientific aspects, He excelled considered exoteric and esoteric knowledge and believed that He appeared not only in science but also exce More

Due to asceticism and prayer and beautiful and rich Hymns for Sufis, Imam Sajjad has a special scientific and practical place; from Scientific aspects, He excelled considered exoteric and esoteric knowledge and believed that He appeared not only in science but also excelled in spiritual education; and Imam Ali and Imam Sajjad (as) among those who know that the universe science were property. Also from Practical aspects, prayers and miracles have been telling many of their methods of worship and morality of Him (PBUH) as a model for men of knowledge, and said that when He would stand in prayer discovered the secrets of the universe for Him. In mystical texts from His crying so much, asceticism, piety and fear, generosity and service to humanity, sincerity and humility, and patience they have spoken. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Study of Metaphysical Knowledge and Intuition Theory through Plotinus
Gholamreza Rahmani Nazarolah Rahmatolah Of

What is beyond existence, and superior to everything, and beyond all Being - Whether the true, the intermediate, and the apparent - is not recognizable by the acquired knowledge and the argumentative identification of the human mind, In the sense that the mind and the w More

What is beyond existence, and superior to everything, and beyond all Being - Whether the true, the intermediate, and the apparent - is not recognizable by the acquired knowledge and the argumentative identification of the human mind, In the sense that the mind and the wisdom of man will never be able to acquire or understand the truth, and the essence of the absolute and supernatural nature of the first unit that is above being. In other words, the essence beyond being is not acquired by the knowledge and the logical analogies of human reason. It is only the being that can be the subject of the knowledge of mankind and the essence of the first unit, due to being beyond being and superior to being or existence, is free from the acquired knowledge. Therefore, knowledge is in the realm of the essence of the compound object, rather than in the essence of what is purely extensive or truthful and beyond the infinite Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - تأملی در زمینة ارتباط تصوّف و کشف و شهود عرفانی
شهرام باسیتی

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - تجلّی اندیشه ها و اندرزهای زهدگرایانه در قصاید و قطعات پروین اعتصامی
حسین اسماعیل لو عبدالله طلوعی آذر

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - سیر شعر زهد فارسی در ایران از آغاز تا قرن قرن ششم هجری
حسین اسماعیللو

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - A Comparison of the Intertextuality of the Qur'anic Poems of abu al-atahiah and the Molavi About the ways toAscetic
Mohamadjavad koochakyazdi ali nabiolahi

  One of the literary treasures is poetry, meanwhile, many muslim poets are influenced by the Holy quran, and in their poems they have published the teachings, a comparative study of some of these poets In order to understand their views and the quality of the qura More

  One of the literary treasures is poetry, meanwhile, many muslim poets are influenced by the Holy quran, and in their poems they have published the teachings, a comparative study of some of these poets In order to understand their views and the quality of the quran's impact on them about strategies for achieving ascetic the purpose of this article is.To do this two Muslim poets namely, Abu al- atahiah as an Arabic-language poet and mawlawi was chosen as a persian poet. At first, ascetic's poems of abu al-atahiah and Molavi were identified Then, using the content analysis method and the term and identifying the verse the poet has chosen the relationship between poetry and the Qur'an was explained, this work was done in three forms of partial negation, general negation and parallel negation based on Kristeva's view. The results of this study showed that the views of these two poets on the ways of achieving asceticism are very broad Things like: Fighting the air of self, emphasizing resurrection, remembering God's constant supervision, and paying attention to the end of the world; among these are the results It is also possible to say the poems of Abu al-atahiah with an ascetic approach is and Multidimensional Molavi Poems and it is mystical. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Ibn Bābiwayh’s Works Regarding Hazrat-e Zahra
seyyed mohsen musavi

Shiite writings about the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) have been formed since the presence of the Imams. It is imperative to review the lists, recognize the writings attributed to the scientists, and trace, revive, and reconstruct them in the contemporary era. Meanwhile, the specia More

Shiite writings about the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) have been formed since the presence of the Imams. It is imperative to review the lists, recognize the writings attributed to the scientists, and trace, revive, and reconstruct them in the contemporary era. Meanwhile, the special attitude of Shiites towards Hazrat Fatima (PBUH), the belief in her infallibility and her high spiritual position, and the authenticity of her speeches, like Hadith, have always been ridiculed by the opposition since the beginning of Islam. Such extensive works have led to the creation of a lot of works about Hazrat Zahra (PBUH). Among the authors of the works about her is Abu Ja'far Muhammad Ibn Bābiwayh Qumi, who has written four independent works about Hazrat Fatima (PBUH). In this study, we will try to identify in a descriptive-analytical methods, his writings and the evidence for paying attention to them in Shiite culture. The aim of this study is to summarize the evidence of the origin of these works and to collect the remaining parts of them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Compilation of Moral Narrations in Hadith O' Abazar
Seyed Mohammad Reza Lavasani

“The Testament of the Prophet to Abū Dharr al-Ghifāri” is one of the long Traditions narrated in Amāli of al-Ṭūsī (d. 1067) containing dozens of phrases, each one expresses an ethical advice to Abū Dharr. This article concentrates on the whole format of this More

“The Testament of the Prophet to Abū Dharr al-Ghifāri” is one of the long Traditions narrated in Amāli of al-Ṭūsī (d. 1067) containing dozens of phrases, each one expresses an ethical advice to Abū Dharr. This article concentrates on the whole format of this Hadith and by tracking each of its separated components in other antecedent Islamic corpora, elucidates that this Testament in its present format is a fabricated Hadith; its major part (more than 60%) has been configured by selecting and combining some of pietistic and renunciatory Hadiths from Kitāb al-Zuhd written by Abdullāh Ibn Mubārak al-Marwzī (d.797). Furthermore, it is shown that the fabricator had access to an unalike version of Ibn al-Mubārak’s book and placed the chosen Hadiths in a similar order to Kitāb al-Zuhd by omitting the chain of transmission and editing the texts to provide the Testament to Abū Dharr al-Ghifāri. Besides, the article sheds light on the biographical evaluations of accused narrators of Hadith(Rowāt) to conclude the whole of this unveiling, as an exterior evidence for the accuracy of Shia biographical evaluators’ (Rijālī) reports. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - The moral teachings of Hatam Assam, Sufi of the first period
manijeh pournemat

The first patriarch Sufis such as Hatam Assam were real pious. Their complete cognizance about sin and the fear of God cause them to run away from the world and to be succumbed to God. This fear of God and disappointment of the people lead to an intensive piety. It can More

The first patriarch Sufis such as Hatam Assam were real pious. Their complete cognizance about sin and the fear of God cause them to run away from the world and to be succumbed to God. This fear of God and disappointment of the people lead to an intensive piety. It can be said that the first Sufis were pious rather than Gnostic. Abou Abdorahman Hatam ebne Onvan well known as Hatam Assam (273 A.H/ 851 A.D.) was one of the Sufis of the first period (150-250 A.H.) which  has been living at the same time with Motasem, the eighth Abbasi khalife. He was the student of Abu Ali Shaghigh Balkhi and Ahmad Khezruye.Here,  using old references, thought and speeches of Hatam Assam are investigated to illustrate how the Sufis have trained their students, governors and the people. These speeches and anecdotes can be a document of the Mysticism history and the moral teachings of the first period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The Place of Asceticism in Rumi's Thought
reza refaee ghadimi mashhad Gholāmhossein Gholāmhosseinzādeh

Asceticism, as one of the main factors shaping Sufism, is an important topic for Sufis and has been spoken about it in the most mystical texts. In this research, Jalal al-Din Rumi's views about asceticism have been discussed. The present research claims that Rumi has di More

Asceticism, as one of the main factors shaping Sufism, is an important topic for Sufis and has been spoken about it in the most mystical texts. In this research, Jalal al-Din Rumi's views about asceticism have been discussed. The present research claims that Rumi has different views about asceticism and he has looked at it from various perspectives. The aim of the article is to explain different perspectives of Rumi about asceticism and to answer this question why Rumi had different views on asceticism. In order to achieve the purposes of the research, the terms of asceticism (zohd) and ascetic (zahid) in the prose and verse texts of Rumi are analyzed and is tried to examine the position of asceticism and its functions in these texts; also Rumi's different views on asceticism are explained. The results show that Rumi has looked at asceticism from the perspectives of jurisconsults, mystics and qalandars (wandering darvishs and Bohemians). From the perspective of the jurisconsults, asceticism has a high value, but from two others it is worthless. It seems that the degree of individuality expressed in his various works is the reason of his different valuation of asceticism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - زهد پارسا
سهیلا موسوی سیرجانی

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Nezāmī Ganjavī: A Mystic Poet?
یعقوب نوروزی حجت ا... قهرمانی

  Can Nezāmī Ganjavī (1141-1209), like Sanā'ī Ghaznavi, Attār-e Neishābūri and Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din  Balkhī, be called a mystic poet? Is he an official mystic or is he just a poet who entertains mystic thoughts beside other subjects in his works?  This More

  Can Nezāmī Ganjavī (1141-1209), like Sanā'ī Ghaznavi, Attār-e Neishābūri and Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din  Balkhī, be called a mystic poet? Is he an official mystic or is he just a poet who entertains mystic thoughts beside other subjects in his works?  This article,  after having answered the above questions, will discuss the reflection of Nezāmī's mystical thoughts in his life and poems. Then,  his  view toward his contemporary mystic traditions, disciplined Sufi practices, piety and renunciation of the world (all of which are figured prominently in his works) are examined.  Finally, it will be concluded  that  Nezāmī, unlike Sanā'ī, Attār, and Mowlānā is not a mystic poet.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Victims' rights from the perspective of jurisprudence and criminal procedure approved in 1392 and the Statute of the International Criminal Court
Ghasem karbasfrosh Habib Asady

With the emergence of victim protection and the emergence of supportive victimology in the twentieth century, the forgotten position of the victim in the criminal process was restored and its findings expressed in the form of universal standards for victim protection. V More

With the emergence of victim protection and the emergence of supportive victimology in the twentieth century, the forgotten position of the victim in the criminal process was restored and its findings expressed in the form of universal standards for victim protection. Victim support is an indispensable and indisputable factor in criminal proceedings. This support has various manifestations that governments usually try to provide at least. The Iranian legislator also in the Criminal Procedure Code of 2013, defining the word "victim" and addressing rights such as the right to be recognized and to be given the right to be victimized have the right to be informed, have immediate and easy access to the criminal justice system; , The right to confidentiality of investigations, compensation of victims, the right to legal aid and assistance and special representation to the victims, the equality of rights of the accused with the equality of arms, the right to medical and psychological protection, the rights of the victim at the stage. Appeal, in line with ethics, has shifted its course toward the moral rights system. There is much to think and research about since this orbital ethic in the Iranian penal system has not had such a long history.Comparative studies in this article show that the above rights are in line with the rights found in the Statute and Rules of Procedure of the International Criminal Court; therefore, the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 2013, despite its theoretical objections and possible drawbacks He has tried to have a uniform and ethical view of the rights of the accused and the victim in relation to the previous rules of our country. To this end, it has made assurances that this realization will be possible in the real world. On the one hand, by providing ... Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Standardization of Intrinsic Motivation for Free Study Scale
Nahid Hamldar Masood Geramipoor

This study aimed to standardize and examine the psychometric character- ristics of intrinsic motivation of free study scale in Tehran. The instrument was administered on 1000 people (15 and older) in 2014-2015 which were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. T More

This study aimed to standardize and examine the psychometric character- ristics of intrinsic motivation of free study scale in Tehran. The instrument was administered on 1000 people (15 and older) in 2014-2015 which were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The type of research is psychometric based on classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). Data analysis, reliability, hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis, percentile ranks, Z and t scores were performed. Reliability of the total Scale was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha 0.92, Guttman’s Lambda 0.92, classified alpha 0.92, split-half 0.75, Omega 0.88, Theta 0.93, Composite 0.91, local0.84. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the structure of scale has acceptable fit to the data and all indicators confirm the fitness of the model. The norms table was prepared and Z, t, and percentages were calculated. Based on research findings it can be concluded that intrinsic motivation of free study tool has stability, internal consistency, reliability and validity and it can be used in Iranian population. Manuscript profile

List of Articles زهد

Sanad

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages