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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Investigating the capture of retardation in defective cucumber
        aa aa Hossein Haghanikhah
        he Cuckoo of Faith is one of the curses who have given the Shari'a and consequently the law and the foundation of the rationale for the customer. In the event of a product being defective, the customer will be in a position to terminate the contract and / or to obtain a More
        he Cuckoo of Faith is one of the curses who have given the Shari'a and consequently the law and the foundation of the rationale for the customer. In the event of a product being defective, the customer will be in a position to terminate the contract and / or to obtain an order and sign the contract. By contrast, any verb and manipulation that, in the common sense of the people, imply the abandonment of obligations and obligations, will deprive them of the right to reject and commit to a transaction. One of the things that causes the right to decline is to seize it in such a way as to cause the same change. This change should be in such a way that the other is not the same as the original condition that was traded. The common sense of the mind ignores the slight changes, and any loss of the attribute of health or the adjective of perfection also accompanies the change at the same time and causes the fall of the right to reject. On the other hand, if a number of transactions are made on this basis, the customer can return the goods and cancel the transaction and cancel the transaction until it has remained in its original condition and has the possibility and ability to return to the bank. To restore. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Setting Deadlines in Contract Options: The Extent of Exercise of the Right of Annulment and the Authority of Decision Judgment in a Lawsuit
        Abolfazl Amani mehtarlo Esmat al-Sadat Tabatabaei Lotfi Nasrin Karimi
        Contract option refers to the right of annulment, in which setting deadlines plays a vital role concerning the rights of parties involved in contract. In some options that form the basis of contract (such as conditional option), unawareness about contract deadline, or f More
        Contract option refers to the right of annulment, in which setting deadlines plays a vital role concerning the rights of parties involved in contract. In some options that form the basis of contract (such as conditional option), unawareness about contract deadline, or failure to set it, may invalidate contract. In other types of options, the contract remains valid if the option is not practiced in its due time. Although jurisprudence and law have discussed the time span for options, there are always challenges in determining whether the options have been applied within the deadline. In the present study, all types of options have been independently described and analyzed in three categories: urgent, unidentified urgent and non-urgent. At the appointed time, the deadline may be determined based on agreement or a prescription of law. The authority in litigations is expert judgment, especially for urgent and common non-urgent cases, and doubtful situations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Judicial -Legal Analysis of Possibility to Generalize Civil Arsh (Price-Reduction) to all Other Options
        Aliakbar Izadifard Mehdi Falah Mehdi Falah
        Jurists believe that Arsh is contrary to the rule and they deny its entrance in other options. Civil law, only in the discussion of Khiyar Eyb, has spoken of the right to receive Arsh and has not prescribed it in other options. Most of the lawyers has the same viewpoint More
        Jurists believe that Arsh is contrary to the rule and they deny its entrance in other options. Civil law, only in the discussion of Khiyar Eyb, has spoken of the right to receive Arsh and has not prescribed it in other options. Most of the lawyers has the same viewpoints and tried hardly in justification of civil law in this regard. It seems that in Khiyar Eyb, Arsh is receivable when deficiency or lack of health causes a change in value and price of traded goods without loss of the whole value of those goods. A point that can be regarded in jurists’ viewpoints and civil law relates to the nature of Arsh which is the performance guarantee of the contract itself. In this regard, in any reciprocal contract as a sale, the parties undertake an implicit manner to establish equality and balance between the value of the goods and its price and implementation in contract and if each party breaks this commitment, the obligation must force him to implement this commitment. Accordingly, it seems that Arsh is not only contrary to any rule but only it can be exigible in other options in which lack of effective factor causes violation of commitment in making relative balance in value of the goods. Manuscript profile