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Open Access Article
1 - Arab Conquests and the Legitimacy of the al-Rashidun
Mostafa Gohari FakhrabadiThe legitimacy of the early caliphs was seriously challenged by the lack of consensus among the Ummah and their strong competitors. On the other hand, Abu Bakr's first act after solving the problem of murtads (apostates) was the beginning of the conquests, which brought MoreThe legitimacy of the early caliphs was seriously challenged by the lack of consensus among the Ummah and their strong competitors. On the other hand, Abu Bakr's first act after solving the problem of murtads (apostates) was the beginning of the conquests, which brought in great wealth and prosperity. There seems to be a strong link between the conquests and the reputation and legitimacy of the caliphs. This study first examines the role of conquests in legitimizing the rule of the first three caliphs and then discusses its closure during the caliphate of Imam Ali (AS) and its effect on the emergence of government issues. The findings of this study indicate that the benefits of the conquests played a major role in the satisfaction of the Arabs with the caliphs' rule, but the government problems had been grown since the relatives of Uthman got the profits and then the conquests during the caliphate of Imam Ali (AS) were closed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Relations between Delhi Sultans and Abbasid Caliphs
محسن معصومی سعید شیرازیAs the most of Muslim sultans, Delhi sultans had been loyal to the Abbasid caliphate for being legitimate. Symbolic acts such as minting caliphs name on the coins and bringing caliphs name in the sermon by most Delhi sultans that their official religion was Hanafi revea MoreAs the most of Muslim sultans, Delhi sultans had been loyal to the Abbasid caliphate for being legitimate. Symbolic acts such as minting caliphs name on the coins and bringing caliphs name in the sermon by most Delhi sultans that their official religion was Hanafi reveals the fact that they theoretically were faithful to the caliphate system. Some of these sultans according to the political conditions in their time and to excel upon their rivals and attract support the Indian subcontinents Muslims that were mostly Hanafi or Shafei, established relation with the Abbasid caliphate of Baghdad and Cairo and received the permission of ruling from them. In this article ,the relationship between the sultans and Abbasid caliphs of Bagdad and Cairo and their motivations and reasons for the establishment of these relations have been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Impact of Social, Cultural and Economic Capitals on the Tendency to Insurance Violations of Employers in Isfahan Province
daryoush hadimoghaddam mansour haghighatian reza esmailiBackground: Social security is one of the most important indicators of social and economic development of a country and national security depends on the sustainability and protection of the resources of this fund. Insurance violations are one of the most important threa MoreBackground: Social security is one of the most important indicators of social and economic development of a country and national security depends on the sustainability and protection of the resources of this fund. Insurance violations are one of the most important threats of this organization and have turned it into a social issue. Objective: To investigate the effect of social, cultural and economic capital on the tendency of employers to insure violations in the field of work and occupation in Isfahan province. Method: In terms of practical purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey nature, the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on five-choice questions. The statistical population of all employers in Isfahan province (n = 105777) and based on Cochran's formula was estimated at 5% error level and the sample population was 382 people by simple random sampling method without alternatives. Regression models were performed using Amos 24 software. Results: According to the research results, 33% of the variance of the dependent variable (tendency to insurance violations) is explained by the independent variable (social capital), 18% by the independent variable (cultural capital) and 2% by the independent variable (economic capital). Conclusion: Social capital and cultural capital are effective on the tendency of employers' insurance violations, but economic capital is not effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - چالش‌های قانونی نظارت دیوان محاسبات کشور در مقابله با فساد مالی و جرائم ناشی ازآن در دستگاه‌های اجرایی
مهری حقیقی سعیدرضا ابدی اصغر عربیان محمد جلالی -
Open Access Article
5 - پیشگیری موقعیت مدار از قاچاق کالا در قانون امور گمرکی
سعادت سلاجقه شهرام ابراهیمی علیرضا سایبانی -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating stock market violations and crimes in Iran and the United Arab Emirates
Mohammad Kamali naser ghasemi Behzad RazavifardJust as identifying violations and crimes in the stock exchange is important, in the next stage, the process and manner of dealing with such violations and crimes is important because by identifying the weaknesses and strengths in dealing with these  MoreJust as identifying violations and crimes in the stock exchange is important, in the next stage, the process and manner of dealing with such violations and crimes is important because by identifying the weaknesses and strengths in dealing with these matters, we can realized its effectiveness. In dealing with disputes in the market, the jury and in the violations section of the Committee to investigate violations and in the field of crimes are the judicial authorities. This study aims to review the process of dealing with violations and crimes of stock exchanges and securities in Iran and the United Arab Emirates and to evaluate its strengths and weaknesses. Basically, the system of dealing with violations and crimes related to the stock exchange is very important in order to effectively support these guarantees in different countries, among which, a comparative study of the system of investigating crimes and violations in Iran and the United Arab Emirates is the subject of research . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Examining the Effective Factors on Whistle Blowing Intention Among the Employees of Healthcare Sector (Case Study: Employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences)
Minoo Afshani Hojat Vahdati mohamad hakkak najmodin moosaviIntroduction: whistleblowing is a powerful tool for preventing organizational wrongdoings. Many factors influence on employees' intention to report organizational wrongdoings. Personality and situational variables are the most influential factors. The purpose of this st MoreIntroduction: whistleblowing is a powerful tool for preventing organizational wrongdoings. Many factors influence on employees' intention to report organizational wrongdoings. Personality and situational variables are the most influential factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between situational variables (characteristics of wrongdoing, the status of wrongdoer) and individual variables (attitude towards whistleblowing, internal locus of control, and moral identity) with the employees' intention to blow the whistle. Method: This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted on 242 employees of the Central department of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. A questionnaire that is made based on previous studies was used to collect the data. Analysis of the data processed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) with Smart PLS software. Results: The amount of standardized coefficients between independent variables and whistleblowing intention were statistically significant (P <0.005), meaning that the internal locus of control, the existence of moral identity, attitude toward whistleblowing, characteristics of wrongdoing and wrongdoer's status have positive and significant effects on individual's decision to report the wrongdoings. Conclusion: Given that individuals with internal locus of control, positive attitude about whist blowing and high morality cannot be able to ignore the organizational wrongdoings, and the status of wrongdoer and characteristics of wrongdoing have significant effects on employees' willingness to whistleblowing, it is better for organizations to use employees with these characteristics at more sensitive or critical places, and make some arrangements such as providing reporting channels in order to facilitate this behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Collection and Compilation of the Quran
Mohammad SepehriThe holy Quran is sent down to the holy Prophet, via Gabriel, atonce as well as during twenty three years of his prophecy.Subsequent to receiving revelation, the holy Prophet conveyedrevealed āyas to Muslims and then dictated them to “revelationwriters” in o MoreThe holy Quran is sent down to the holy Prophet, via Gabriel, atonce as well as during twenty three years of his prophecy.Subsequent to receiving revelation, the holy Prophet conveyedrevealed āyas to Muslims and then dictated them to “revelationwriters” in order to put any āya and sura in its specific place underhis direct control. The question of this research is that when was thepresent Quran collected and compiled in this manner? Referring toboth Shiite and Sunni sources and relying on historical evidence andproofs, this essay holds that the Quran was collected in its presentmanner in the holy Prophet’s time under his precise control andsupervision Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Study of the Causes of the Seljukids’ Need for Religious and Political Legitimacy in the State Structure
Nesa Bagheri Keivan Loloye Amir Teimour RafiieeThe purpose of the present study is to review the causes of the Seljuk kings’ need for religious and political legitimacy in the state structure and the policy of interaction between the Seljukids and Abbasids. In this regard and using a descriptive-analytic metho MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the causes of the Seljuk kings’ need for religious and political legitimacy in the state structure and the policy of interaction between the Seljukids and Abbasids. In this regard and using a descriptive-analytic method, this question was answered: what policies and methods were undertaken by the Seljuk government to establish a powerful kingdom and acquire legitimacy from Abbasid caliphs? The results showed that the Turk Seljuks who reached power in Iran at early 5th century, like religious rulers, under the rubric of Islam ruled over Iran and made the highest use of the institution of Abbasid caliphate to justify their religious and political legitimacy and attempted to show their governance in front of people as justified, legitimate, and acceptable. This policy adopted by them had an impact on the state structure and gave direction to that. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Social Criticism and classes in Nasser Khosro’s Poetry
ahmad zakeri S. A. Masoumi -
Open Access Article
11 - Analysis of factors affecting urban construction violations (region 3 of the municipality of region 16 Tehran Metropolitan)
mohamad dalvand Bahman kargar ali tavakolan Construction activities form a major part of the entire economic and productive activities of the country. It is that the results of the factors affecting construction of construction violations in cities in the cou More Construction activities form a major part of the entire economic and productive activities of the country. It is that the results of the factors affecting construction of construction violations in cities in the country, social, economic and legal factors have led to violations and always the continuation of the law of escapes. The conflict with regulations in social institutions of societies is gradually accepted as a general belief. Construction violations also have many consequences in cities, including demolition of city, density, and unauthorized cabaries. District 3 of Tehran Region 16 is always considered as one of the most extensive construction areas of Tehran. The present study with descriptive-analytical and applied method has investigated the factors affecting the offenses of urban construction. The statistical society of all experts The construction area consisted of 30 people according to Cochran formula. The purpose of the questionnaire and the collection of information in this way was to determine the factors affecting urban construction violations. The data analysis tool was carried out through descriptive statistics, SPSS software and regression and average regression model. Gave the most important consequences of construction violations in urban system, building safety and parking conversion to residential and commercial space, and in the most important factors affecting construction violations, the highest amount of violations associated with urban management and economic factors isExtended AbstractIntroduction: District 3 of the Municipality of Region 16, including neighborhoods of Besat, Treasury and Ali Abad North, which, according to the Deputy of the Municipality of the Municipality of Region 16, has the most construction violations among all areas of the region 16. (Center for Urban District Studies Region 16, 1399). Equipment and electronic equipment and equipment in most buildings, lack of strength, and the creation of problems in all environmental, physical, social and motion areas, and access, etc.. According to the above, the main question of the present research This is what the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations in the area of the 3 municipality of the region 16 include what factors and construction violations in the area of the 3 municipality of the region 16, especially in recent years, have the consequences on the physical and residential and social space of the 16 region. Is?Methodology: The present study in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical research and in terms of objective use (practical).In the present study, the statistical population of all experts, experts, employees and urban managers of the municipality of the region of 16 of Tehran are among them, 30 of them as sample size and 30 questionnaires were estimated by Cochran formula. Depending on the statistical population, various methods for sampling can be used, which in the present study was used by snowball sampling.In order to analyze the indicators and based on the results obtained from the questionnaire, field observations and official documents, the findings were analyzed using SPSS software.Results and discussion: In the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations, economic factors with 4.21 equivalent to 84% of the impact and performance of urban management in construction violations with 4.14 equivalent to 83% of the impact, the most important role in the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations in the area 3 The Tehran region is played. In the context of assessing the most important consequences of construction violations in the region 3 region of 16, this seems to be the most important construction of construction in the 3rd area with 4.81 and equivalent to 96.2 and then on the safety of buildings and transforming parking to residential and commercial parking with 4.28 is equivalent to 85.6.Conclusion: Based on the statistics and results of the results, the results show that in general construction violations from the years 1394 to 1398 in the region 3, total 2117 violations have been recorded and among the 995 cases in the treasury neighborhood, 43 cases in Besat's settlement and 1079 cases were recorded in the neighborhood of Ali Abad North. In the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations, the results showed that in total, the highest amount of violations associated with urban management and economic factors and factors are also factors such as the income of the municipality from the place of crimes of construction violations, the motivation to meet family needs Through the construction or development of illegal building, the lack of observance of technical principles in order to save the financial and profitability of owners and manufacturers of construction violations were determined as the main factors affecting construction violations in the region of the 3 district of Tehran. In the context of measuring the most important consequences of construction violations in the 3rd region of Tehran, the results also showed that most of the most important consequences of construction violations were more on urban communication, building safety and parking transformation into residential and commercial space Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Tax violations in the European Court of Human Rights
mohammad reza yosefiOne of the achievements of human rights and the initiative of the European Court of Human Rights is the concept of criminal matters. One of the important elements of the application of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which includes the criterion of MoreOne of the achievements of human rights and the initiative of the European Court of Human Rights is the concept of criminal matters. One of the important elements of the application of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which includes the criterion of fair trial, is the entry of the guarantee of the implementation of the provision into the criminal matters. In the law of direct taxes, there is a guarantee of executions for tax violations, which in case of entering the criminal matters, it will be necessary to observe the principles of fair proceedings. The main question of this research is to compare the criminal scope of tax violations in Iran's legal system with the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. In order to answer this question, we will first discuss the concept of criminal matters and its criteria, then guarantee the implementation of the aforementioned violations, and finally, the procedures related to dealing with this type of violations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Ibn Muqaffa the Martyr; The victim of Sho’ubism thought; the intellectual and scholar of Arabic and Persian prose
moradali valadbeigi javad sadoonzadehIbn Muqaffa was Iranian originally but completed his education in eloquence sciences particularly in the field of Arabic prose and translated some Pahlavi books into Persian and then into Arabic. Ibn Muqaffa was the first and perhaps the only person who to offers a prec MoreIbn Muqaffa was Iranian originally but completed his education in eloquence sciences particularly in the field of Arabic prose and translated some Pahlavi books into Persian and then into Arabic. Ibn Muqaffa was the first and perhaps the only person who to offers a precious treasure to the Arabic Culture and with no doubt, he has been deemed an undisputed one in Arabic prose. The strong interest of Ibn Muqaffa in Arabic language and literature lead him to away that he was elected as the elite scribe for the Abbasid and umayid viziers [ministers] and Leaders. What is interesting is that the person who has such eagerness toward learning Arabic and has offered many precious and significant services to the Arabic literature particularly in spreading and propagating of writing and translation of Arabic prose, was the first victim this path himself. More suprizingly, … He was been known as an atheist and pagan by the historians regardles of the fact that those who have judged him like Jahiz Abdulmalek asmaei and Ibn Mazoor were among the fans and bigots of the Abbasid and umayid Caliphs themselves who were very vindictive and spiteful of the Iranians particularly the fans of shoubi clan so that anyone who was Iranian was considered shoubi pagan, atheist and the undisputed enemy of Arabs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Liberated and their role in islam history
mahdi javadiThe roote of Omaid, and Hashimids guarrels should be searched in centuries befor islam in Arabia peninsula. Although those two tribes were descended from Adnan son of Ismail Ibn Ibrahim and called Arebeh and also were called Adnani but their guarrels dated to the lifeti MoreThe roote of Omaid, and Hashimids guarrels should be searched in centuries befor islam in Arabia peninsula. Although those two tribes were descended from Adnan son of Ismail Ibn Ibrahim and called Arebeh and also were called Adnani but their guarrels dated to the lifetime of Qasi ibn kalab. Though in next generation specially duriy the time of Hashim and Abd shams their guarreis, steped into a new stage and became higher, for that ,their Descended in various history call stages contacted together. As Abdshams with Hashim, Umayya with Abdu motalab. Abu sofian with Mohammad the messanger, Moavie with Imam Ali and Imam Hasan , yazid with Imam Husayn Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Political positions of Imam Kadhim against the Abbasid
nahid raziThis paper analyzes the political positions of Imam Kadhim (AS) was the Abbasid caliphs and prove them right over against the rulers of the time. To achieve this task, based on analysis of historical, political thought at the beginning of the general principles, includi MoreThis paper analyzes the political positions of Imam Kadhim (AS) was the Abbasid caliphs and prove them right over against the rulers of the time. To achieve this task, based on analysis of historical, political thought at the beginning of the general principles, including the training of community leaders to form a religious government, to protest against the government of the time, withdrawal and prudent to preserve the principle of cooperation with the Caliphs of Islam, as was the policy of Imam Kadhim (AS) will be defined. Then, his political positions against the Abbasid caliphs, like right over there to demonstrate their clear position argued by the Abbasid rulers, advised followers to break with some of his government and influence the governance plan is in the body. And then their policies against Shia sects and political groups such as the direct supervision of the affairs of the Shiite leadership, guiding them in terms of ideological, intellectual, organized some Shiite groups, direct control over their followers and awaken the conscience of the revolutionary nation, will be discussed as far as adopting this position, the reasons for his imprisonment has been considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Existence of Corruption and Collusion in the Manner of Acquisition and Transfer of Property in Municipalities
mohammadhossein fahmideh Mohsen Jalilvand -
Open Access Article
17 - The criteria and basis of considering others as Muslim of infidel based on the comparative study of Velayat in Alkutub Alarbah and Sihah alsittah
amir mahmoodifard Javad panjepour hormoz asadikoohbadAbstract:Divine providence and Divine law are contingent to each other. One of the sources of divine law is tradition. The origin of this Islamic source is two great collections called " AL-kutub AL-Arbah" and "Sihah al-Sittah". The compilation of these two is different MoreAbstract:Divine providence and Divine law are contingent to each other. One of the sources of divine law is tradition. The origin of this Islamic source is two great collections called " AL-kutub AL-Arbah" and "Sihah al-Sittah". The compilation of these two is different. The author of the current study believes that legislation after prophet Muhammad pertains to Ahl al-Bayt , based on Shia and Sunni scientists, sensible reasons, and Quranic evidences.The expression "Twelve Successors" in the narrative books of the two sects is referred to innocent legislators that necessity in following them is one of the most basic principals that should be considered into account by all Muslims. because One Islamic criterion is the Velayat (Protectorship or Guardianship) which forms the basis for the accuracy of Islamic criteria. This criterion has been considered explicitly as an Islamic sign in the Four Books and the Six Canonical Books of Hadith whose fact confirms the necessity for the governance of the Household in various ways Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Feasibility Study of Criminalization in the Family Law
Khadijeh Sadeghi Movahed Seyyed Mohammad Sadri Ahmad Bagheri Heidar AmirpourSince the family and the stability of its foundation, for providing the proper and required functions, has particular importance, and on the other hand, there is the possibility of collapse and destabilize due to various behaviors and factors,criminalization of behavior MoreSince the family and the stability of its foundation, for providing the proper and required functions, has particular importance, and on the other hand, there is the possibility of collapse and destabilize due to various behaviors and factors,criminalization of behaviors against family in the Imāmie jurisprudence and law is taken into consideration. Meanwhile jurisprudential rulings include avoiding criminalization of the most family violations. In contrast, a group of lawyers and sages believe that the criminalization in this field is against to the nature of the family and its requirements, referring to the family privacy and the separation of morality from the law. According to the findings of this study, Islam also does not endorse criminalization in the family except in sexual relations, and has emphasized on solving the family problems through other ways, like establishing a family court, reconciliation, and so forth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The influence and role of medicine of non-Islamic civilizations on the medicine of Islamic civilization
mohammad ali shah heydari ghafar porbakhtiar Abdolaziz MovahedThe growth and expansion of medical knowledge in Islamic civilization is not only due to Muslim doctors, because non-Muslim doctors have also contributed to the formation and flourishing of this knowledge. Analyzing the contribution of non-Muslim doctors in the medicine MoreThe growth and expansion of medical knowledge in Islamic civilization is not only due to Muslim doctors, because non-Muslim doctors have also contributed to the formation and flourishing of this knowledge. Analyzing the contribution of non-Muslim doctors in the medicine of the Islamic period is possible through quantitative and qualitative analysis of their works in three areas: translation, treatment and authorship. According to the statistical analysis of the translated books of medical sciences, almost half of the famous doctors working in the courts of the caliphs of the Islamic world were Christians, Jews, and sometimes Sabaeans and Samaritans. The need of the caliphs and courtiers for healers, the lack of qualified Muslim doctors compared to non-Muslim doctors, and the tolerance and tolerance of the caliphs and the relative immunity of these doctors were the reasons for their presence in the court of the Islamic caliphs. On the other hand, the presence of these doctors in the fields, in addition to therapy, resulted in other results and effects, including the expansion and progress of medical knowledge. . The basic findings of this research show that, from the Abbasid period onwards, Muslims have directly and indirectly acquired and adapted the medical science of different nations, and besides being influenced by them, in some branches, Medicine, therapy, botany and pharmacy have been influenced by him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A study of the personality and performance of Qais ibn Sa'd ibn Ibadah Ansari
ramin alizadeh mehdi goljan Mahdi AnsariQais ibn Sa'd ibn Ibadah Ansari is one of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) (and one of the companions of Imam Ali) (AS) and Imam Hassan. No date has been mentioned for his birth; He was a teenager and had honors during the time of the Prophet, such as: the servant o MoreQais ibn Sa'd ibn Ibadah Ansari is one of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) (and one of the companions of Imam Ali) (AS) and Imam Hassan. No date has been mentioned for his birth; He was a teenager and had honors during the time of the Prophet, such as: the servant of the Prophet, the head of law enforcement and the bearer of the Ansar flag in some battles, which shows his closeness and companionship with the Prophet during the caliphate of Imam Ali (AS). , Is one of the first people who pledged allegiance to him and was one of the companions of the Imam in the battles of Jaml, Safin and Nahrawan. He held various positions in the period of Imam Ali (AS). Finally, after the peace of Imam Hassan (AS), he settled in Medina and died at the end of Mu'awiyah's rule. The period of Imam Ali (as) and after him has been studied. Studies have shown that Qais and his family were among the main pillars of Islam during the time of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and After his death and during the time of Imam Ali (as), he showed great courage and efforts in strengthening Islam and remained true to his covenant until the end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The position of rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents of khorasan in the 6th century AH
mohammadreza saidi zohair siamian sina forouzeshThe end of the fifth century AH in the history of Khorasan with The end of the fifth century, throughout the sixth and seventh centuries AH is one of the most important periods in the history of Sufism. The emergence of many great Sufi elders, the establishment of the o MoreThe end of the fifth century AH in the history of Khorasan with The end of the fifth century, throughout the sixth and seventh centuries AH is one of the most important periods in the history of Sufism. The emergence of many great Sufi elders, the establishment of the oldest organized methods, the formation of some rituals, the growth and development of monasteries as formal social institutions, are prominent features of this period. While the religions of the society were facing each other among the Sunnis and Shiites, the Sufi currents tried to reduce these sectarian differences by presenting unifying concepts. Among these issues were the differences between the Islamic sects, the issue of the caliphate, the Imamate, and the position of my Rashidun caliphs in terms of political legitimacy and ideological superiority, but the Sufi currents tried to define the issue differently by offering a different definition of the issue. Rashidun caliphs should be considered Sufis in Islamic thought and culture. The problem of the present research is what was the position of the personality of the Rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents of the sixth century AH in Khorasan? The position of the Rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents seems to be convergently defined, given that Sufism and mysticism have always been the inspiration and unifier of Muslims. In the present study, the typology of religious and social concepts of the life of the four caliphs in Sufi literature has been studied in a semantic way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - ساختار تمدّن اسلام در عصر اوّل عبّاسی و نقش عناصر ایرانی درآن
دکترداریوش موگویی دکترافشین صالحی لیلا ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
23 - چگونگی پیدایش و تحول منصب حجابت، کتابت و وزارت از ابتدا تا پیش از خلافت عباسیان
محمد باغستانی کوزه گر سارا زمانی رنجبر گرمرودی -
Open Access Article
24 - Analysis of Driver-Police Interaction Using Game Theory
faramarz masoumzadeh Kiumars shahbaziIn this study, the strategic interaction between traffic police and the driver is analyzed using game theory in the form of a two-stage dynamic game with incomplete information that the type of players is determined by nature. In the first stage, the police decide wheth MoreIn this study, the strategic interaction between traffic police and the driver is analyzed using game theory in the form of a two-stage dynamic game with incomplete information that the type of players is determined by nature. In the first stage, the police decide whether to fine or not, and in the second stage, the driver decides whether to pay a bribe or not. The driver compares the amount of the fine and the cost of the bribe. It can be concluded that the more lawful the police, the lower the bribe payment. Punishment of bribe recipients and payers can also prevent bribery and help eradicate possible corruption in this important organ of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A Survey on Preventive Approaches (Culture-Oriented Management) Of Cyberspace and Its Effect on the Occurrence of Election Violations and Crimes and the Options Governing the Political System of Iran
Hamid reza Norouzian mostafa malaki Dr. Seyed Mohammad Reza Mousavi FardNowadays the cyberspace acts as a double-edged sword in all social realities and, therefore, it can be regarded either as an opportunity or as a threat. If the government does not follow a clear plan, it can easily distort its healthy and competitive environment in some MoreNowadays the cyberspace acts as a double-edged sword in all social realities and, therefore, it can be regarded either as an opportunity or as a threat. If the government does not follow a clear plan, it can easily distort its healthy and competitive environment in some special events such as elections. In this research we aim to take a documented and substantiated look at the issue with the purpose of helping in preventions of election crimes and damages. With a descriptive and analytical approach and through the documentary methodology by using library and internet data, in this article we seek to find an answer to the question of what is the role of cyberspace in the indirect management of elections and that how the election crimes and violations caused by the same could be countered with. According to the authors, the role of cyberspace in the hidden management with destructive approaches of election violations and crimes is undeniable and that the solutions such as: defining the cultural code of professional ethics of election campaigns in cyberspace, considering the time of the election as an aggravating factor of electoral crimes in cyberspace and, finally, the comprehensive election law and its consolidation for more accurate monitoring etc. are among the solutions to reduce such threats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Structure of Urban Planning System in the Context of Social Harm (Zemiology)
JAVAD AZAM SADEGHI Abbas Sheikholeslami hamidreza mirzajaniThe theory of Zemiology (social harm) goes beyond the discourse of "crime" and "criminals" to study the significant physical, mental, and economic harms resulting from structures. It provides solutions for reforming and changing the criminal justice system and preventiv MoreThe theory of Zemiology (social harm) goes beyond the discourse of "crime" and "criminals" to study the significant physical, mental, and economic harms resulting from structures. It provides solutions for reforming and changing the criminal justice system and preventive measures based on structural reform. Despite the majority of the country's population living in cities and the effects of harm in the urban planning domain, research on the structure of the urban planning system, including urban planning and management systems, from the perspective of social harm has not been observed. In this study, the structure of the urban planning domain has been examined using a descriptive-analytical method. The structure is based on organizational conflicts of interest placing the urban planning system at a crossroads between combating violations or generating revenue from these areas, leading to the approval of urban development plans that are the source of many violations resulting in harm to the urban planning domain, the reactive approach of legal bodies and relevant authorities in combating violations and crimes in the urban planning domain, absence of preventive mechanisms for under-construction and operational buildings are among the most significant structural causes in urban planning systems that have led to the creation and increase of harmful factors such as marginalization, construction and persistence of unsafe and non-standard buildings, air pollution in cities, and an increase in damages and casualties resulting from earthquakes, floods, fires, etc., in cities. Reducing harm from the urban planning domain requires reforming the structure of this domain, and in this study, some of the most important reforms Various strategies have been explained and suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Pathological Inquiry of Criminology on the Social Impacts of Undesirable Ruling Infractions with a look at Islamic Doctrines
Sayyed Mohammadreza MousavifardReceive Date: 2023/07/11 Revise Date: 2023/08/26   MoreReceive Date: 2023/07/11 Revise Date: 2023/08/26 Accept Date: 2023/09/10 AbstractToday, violations of political ruling and government in general due to the spread of mass media have a negative impact on the unity of the members of society, which first of all, must be resolved. Although, this inquiry approach, surveys to answer this question with interdisciplinary studies between management science, social pathology and political and criminal psychology with a documented method will continue the social effects of identifying pathological approaches of undesirable ruling based on Islamic doctrines. By virtue of interdisciplinary studies can divide disorders into two categories: First a systematic disorder that can be resolved with a kind of pathology. In the next step, sometimes this disorder appears at the levels of the behaviors and grand policies of the leaders and political rulers, which should be used to explain their personality by the doctrines of criminal and political psychology, and the result of all this process is crystallized in ruling and desirability and lack thereof. The results and findings show that: first, individual and structural pathology in the form of sociology of organizations and institutions can be resulted in the realization of great ruling. Second, the expansion of the psychological studies of managers in ruling, can lead to the emergence of the right decision-making in the realization of desirable ruling. Third, the practice of some elements of desirable ruling that are confirmed by the holy law can also be the practice of religious duty in order to achieve desirable modern religious ruling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Designing a Model to Prevent Administrative Violations by Relying on Religious Teachings
Alireza NajafitirtashiOne of the main problems in the field of human resources and the growth of organizations is the category of administrative violations. The model of deterrence of administrative violations was performed based on the religious teachings. The methodology used in this resea MoreOne of the main problems in the field of human resources and the growth of organizations is the category of administrative violations. The model of deterrence of administrative violations was performed based on the religious teachings. The methodology used in this research is a qualitative method of exploratory type and to achieve the purpose of the research, content analysis method and book Nahj al-Balāghah were used. For validation and also confirmation of qualitative findings, we used 15 seminary experts in a targeted manner. Based on the findings of qualitative data, 348 sub-themes in compliance with the semantic principle, especially Izutsu, in three categories (prevention 254 sub-themes, promotion 60 themes and exposure (treatment) 34 themes) regarding prevention of administrative violations extracted. The frequency of sub-themes in the prevention class was 73%, enhancement: 17.2% and exposure (treatment): 9.8%. Finally, during consultation with seminary experts and specialists, they were categorized into 7 main themes and 34 sub-themes according to the common areas and being of the same type. As a result, the model of deterrence of administrative violations was designed on the religious teachings based on the obtained themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Representation of Fadak Event in the Books on the History of Islam Iran (from 1980 till 2019)
farinaz hooshyar Zarifeh Mir Soheila Torabi FarsaniRepresentation of Fadak Event in the Books on the History of Islam Iran (from 1980 till 2019)Abstract:Fadak was a plot of fertile land with many springs which was willfully given to the Prophet Mohammad by the Jews upon their defeat in Khaibar Battle and based on a peac MoreRepresentation of Fadak Event in the Books on the History of Islam Iran (from 1980 till 2019)Abstract:Fadak was a plot of fertile land with many springs which was willfully given to the Prophet Mohammad by the Jews upon their defeat in Khaibar Battle and based on a peace treaty at that time. Fadak was seized without war and hence half of its revenues were considered a private property of the Prophet, which was then disposed of by his daughter Fatimah until his death. However, after the Prophet’s death, Abu Bakr refrained from transferring the land to her, and so arguments arose over the ownership of Fadak. By reviewing different books on the history of Islam published in Iran, and by using a descriptive-analytical method, this study set out to analyze how such scholars have viewed and represented this topic in their own books. The results of the study revealed that Fadak has not been mentioned in only 10% of such books. It has been discussed in details in 70% of the scholarly works, and discussed briefly in 20% of them. Shiite, political, economic, and Fatimah’s rightful ownership approaches have been used in the books on the history of Islam published in Iran from 1980 till 2019.Key Words: Fadak, Iranian historiographers, Islam, Fatimah, Rashidun Caliphates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - بررسی سیاست جنایی تقنینی ایران در خصوص جرایم و تخلفات انتظامی قضات
منیره محلوجی محمدرضا شادمان فر مسعود حیدری -
Open Access Article
31 - A comparative study of the legal system for investigating construction violations in Iran and Singapore
Farbod Nazari Ali DashtiField and Aims: Over the past years, in parallel with the establishment of urban planning and construction regulations, the category of supervision and control over construction activities has been raised. In 1345, under Article 100 of the Municipal Law, a commission wa MoreField and Aims: Over the past years, in parallel with the establishment of urban planning and construction regulations, the category of supervision and control over construction activities has been raised. In 1345, under Article 100 of the Municipal Law, a commission was provided to deal with construction violations. After that, in different historical periods and affected by the social and political conditions of the society, the mentioned article has been modified and added. Based on this, we study the handling of construction violations. Method: This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way. Findings and Conclusion: The number of cases presented in the aforementioned commissions in Iran and the complications in the way of proceedings and the resolution of disputes between individuals and representatives of public power, the need to formulate a new law or at least amend related laws and regulations in the field of monitoring and dealing with violations It makes a building inevitable. This issue has been accurately and widely provided with effective enforcement guarantees and the use of legal levers, including compliance with regulations, demolition, suspension of activity, financial fines and imprisonment in Singapore under the Building Control Law. In addition, the violations of legal entities and government bodies have been taken into consideration and in some cases, the establishment of regulations and the handling of complaints have been placed in the competence of a real person (the minister). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - International Responsibility of Greece and The United States of America for Seizing the Oil Tanker of The Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohamad Setayeshpur Moein SaadiField and aims: following the seizure of the oil tanker of the Islamic Republic of Iran by Greece, which took place on the orders of the US Department of Justice, international responsibility is realized. The two elements of attribution and breach of obligation, which a MoreField and aims: following the seizure of the oil tanker of the Islamic Republic of Iran by Greece, which took place on the orders of the US Department of Justice, international responsibility is realized. The two elements of attribution and breach of obligation, which are elements of creating international responsibility, are evident in relation to the actions of two states. On the other hand, the retaliatory action of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be justified according to the provisions of the international law of the seas and also based on the assumption of the claims made by the Greek government in the context of the retaliatory action. The consequences of the international wrongful act carried out by Greece and the U.S.A. should also be stopped and compensation for the damages should be paid in full to Iran.Method:The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. Finding and conclusion: In the case of the seizure of the oil tanker known as Lana, which used to operate under the name of Pegas and was carrying an oil cargo belonging to Iran, the Greek government illegally seized the ship while it docked in the coastal waters of Greece and then transferred its cargo to the American ship at the request of the US Department of Justice. The international wrongful act is considers as a breach of international obligation of Greece and the United States of America which causes the international responsibility of both states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - ماهیت ضمانت اجراهای اداری درنظام حقوقی‌ایران
بابک درویشی امیرعلی زینالی -
Open Access Article
34 - Comparison of social exchange styles and socialization and psychological well-being among convicts, plaintiffs and the ordinary group of the government penitentiary complex (medical violations)
mahvash Izadi majid saffariniaThe aim of this study was to compare social exchange styles and socialization and psychological well-being among convicts and plaintiffs and ordinary people in the government penitentiary complex. The research design was descriptive and its population was all clients of MoreThe aim of this study was to compare social exchange styles and socialization and psychological well-being among convicts and plaintiffs and ordinary people in the government penitentiary complex. The research design was descriptive and its population was all clients of Tehran Government Penitentiary Complex (Medical Violations Branches) (1399). 255 samples were randomly selected, 85 were plaintiffs, 85 were offending physicians, and 85 were normal, all male. The research instruments are Liebman (2011) Social Exchange Styles Questionnaire, Penner Socialization Questionnaire (2002) and Ryff Psychological Welfare Questionnaire (1995). Multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc tests with SPSS26 and LISREL 10 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the social exchange styles and sociability of the three groups and in terms of psychological well-being in the normal group was higher than the accused and plaintiff groups. By recognizing the social personality characteristics of these offenders, it is possible to understand the cause of personality violations to some extent, and take steps to prevent and reduce such violations through pre-employment counseling and licensing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Tax system and loan policies in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Somayeh ErshadiIn Shahnameh tax is regarded as one of the most important income sources and is an essential index to provide military budgets, army and other governmental expenses. Also it guarantees the viability and security of the economic and political system in the co MoreIn Shahnameh tax is regarded as one of the most important income sources and is an essential index to provide military budgets, army and other governmental expenses. Also it guarantees the viability and security of the economic and political system in the country. The best motivation for tax payments in Shahnameh is its concentration on receiving fair systematic taxes from the people, therefore significant part of preventive measures taken by the kings, as well as laws and policies were all related to tax structures and their attempt either to reduce or eliminate obstacles and challenges facing tax payment such as injustice done upon receiving tax. Nevertheless tax system framework in Shahnameh alongside loan policies which bring economic stability, financial and monetary turnover, and fair income distribution, gain utmost importance. Apart from taking a glance at tax policies and presenting loan examples in Shahnameh this article is also concerned with the study of juridical, legal, and criminal aspects in connection with tax payments to prove the importance of Shahnameh’s report concerning economics and tax laws in the Sassanid period and the time before it. The results obtained determine that apart from tax exemptions and reliefs assigned by Eskandar, Ardeshir, Bahram Gur, and Yazdgerd appointing judicial inspectors to inquire about the circumstances under which poverty stricken people lived and to exempt them from paying taxes as was the case under the reign of Ardeshir; giving out loans in Bahram Gur’s time were steps taken before the time of Qobad. Fundamental tax and economic reform done by Anoshirvan who followed the example of his father was not only the attempt to devise a tax system via calculating the area of the properties, determine regular time intervals for tax payments, provide exact indexes for tax rates, tax exemptions, pay taxes in installments, allow time for unpaid taxes, hire secret service agents, allow personal supervision, establish governmental offices, and formulate exact legal instructions, and also to consider stiff penalties for tax evaders, but also they were all measures taken to realize justice in terms of tax payments since clear tax laws enforced by the government would be beneficial to citizens, the king and the country alike. Manuscript profile
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