تاریخ معاصر

Open Access Article

1 - A Study on Effects of Political – Social Evolutions on Khair al-Din al-Zirikli and his Contemporaries
Fatemeh Qajari Enayatollah Fatehi Nezhad

Khair al-Din al-Zirikli is a multidimensional character who was active in various political, literal, historical and social fields. His most important work which is titled "Al-Aʻlām", is about scholars and celebrities' lives from ancient to the contemporary era and is o More

Khair al-Din al-Zirikli is a multidimensional character who was active in various political, literal, historical and social fields. His most important work which is titled "Al-Aʻlām", is about scholars and celebrities' lives from ancient to the contemporary era and is of such a familiarity that affects all his life's aspects specially his literary and poetic aspect. The present paper studies his life style and works in his life time and after death. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Iran political poetry from Reza Shah’s collapsing to the coupdeta of 28th in Mordad 1332
mehdi hasani bagheri sharifabad

10.30495/farsij.2021.682130

One of the most important sections of Iran contemporary history is among the 1320 to the 1332. In this period, some kind of power vacume has been occurred in the country after Reza Shah had been collapsed from power by Mottafe qin.As the result of this situation and lac More

One of the most important sections of Iran contemporary history is among the 1320 to the 1332. In this period, some kind of power vacume has been occurred in the country after Reza Shah had been collapsed from power by Mottafe qin.As the result of this situation and lacking a dictatorship power, an free political space has been formed typically called a second – hand democracy. For the first time, different parties, groups and political teams with various thoughts and procedures found this chance to introduce themselves in this period after the beginning years of constitution.The effect of this period on Iran literature has been considered in this research and the main content of prospect belonging to the most important poets of this period has been tried to be considered by designing a question about the general condition of political literature in the domain of poetry by using library collecting information and descriptive-analysis method. Ultimately, it has been concluded that because of free political space during these years and expressing hopes to improve the condition, the prospect of Iran political literature in poetry has been faced with clear differences in comparison to Reza shah’s hard period. This condition made the poetry lead to humanity, commitment, inviting to , realism and designing optimistic concepts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Historical course of flexibility in international treaties
عمیق amigh محمد ادیبی مهر علی پور قصاب امیری

The social developments of the day have begun to decline and disappear. But Islamic law with the feature of flexibility, has a solid and complete program to bring man to happiness in this world and the hereafter, and by maintaining dynamism, flexibility and the ability More

The social developments of the day have begun to decline and disappear. But Islamic law with the feature of flexibility, has a solid and complete program to bring man to happiness in this world and the hereafter, and by maintaining dynamism, flexibility and the ability to adapt to the temporal and spatial conditions in each period, the laws It has the necessary power to meet the needs of different human societies over time without changing its principles and foundations. In other words, the Islamic legal system is a living being that has changed and remained dynamic based on various temporal and spatial variables while maintaining its original and fixed identity.In this study, while stating examples of practical rules that indicate the flexibility and simplicity of Islamic law, the historical course of flexibility in treaties, factors that make it possible for Islamic laws to adapt to social changes, and strengthening the culture Flexibility and increased gravity are emphasized along with toughness.This article has been done in a descriptive-analytical method with the help of library tools and the analysis of thematic points and the inference of legal jurisprudential propositions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Le rôle de l'éthique dans l'adhésion aux traités internationaux dans l'histoire contemporaine de l'Iran
omid amigh mohamad adibi ali por

Ethics in adherence to international treaties has always been considered by philosophers, scientists and jurists, especially in the contemporary history of Iran, as a rational necessity and a necessity of a healthy social life. Governments are logically inclined to main More

Ethics in adherence to international treaties has always been considered by philosophers, scientists and jurists, especially in the contemporary history of Iran, as a rational necessity and a necessity of a healthy social life. Governments are logically inclined to maintain their material and spiritual assets, especially their international prestige; And the ethics of commitment and responsibility will greatly help to increase that capital. Thus, adherence to the ethics of the treaty has often been used as a way to legitimize individuals in societies and has become a solid intangible guarantee during legal and political guarantees.By examining it in jurisprudence and law, in addition to explaining the extent to which governments adhere to treaties and treaties, especially in the international arena, which has always been a concern of governments in the history of nations, can also be considered by the country's diplomatic apparatus. To take. Therefore, in this article, by examining the role of ethics in the need to adhere to international treaties as one of the principles of foreign relations of the Islamic State and the basis of Islamic ethics in treaties, the distinction and commonality of ethics and law, citing verses, hadiths, reason And the international custom, following the basic solutions, deals with the duty of ethics in the law of international treaties in the contemporary history of Iran. Because the author believes that if the position of ethics in such sensitive international relations and its observance is properly explained, they will achieve it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A speculation at Political currier of "Memories and Dangers" of Mehdi Quli Khan Mokhber Al-Saltaneh Hedayat
usef motvali

The longest period of Prime Ministry position during Reza Shah was served by Mehdi Quli Khan Mokhber Al-Saltaneh Hedayat. He served this position from 1306 to 1312 for 6 years. He has written his memory which covers his life during the Seven Qajari kings and Pahlavi, en More

The longest period of Prime Ministry position during Reza Shah was served by Mehdi Quli Khan Mokhber Al-Saltaneh Hedayat. He served this position from 1306 to 1312 for 6 years. He has written his memory which covers his life during the Seven Qajari kings and Pahlavi, entitle of "Memories and Dangers". The picture he has tired to show from himself in this book differs totally or some time is in contrast to what we know about his political currier comparing with other sources. In this book he has tried introduce himself as anti-western and against foreign influence and against despotism and Reza Shah's Reform, but his currier show something else. However, the main purpose of this paper is showing that contrast in this book. In this paper it has been tried, base on some other sources and documents and by using historical research methods to examine the character of Mehdi Quli Khan Mokhber Al-Saltaneh Hedayat, as it was, not as he introduced himself in his book. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Shiite political position in contemporary Afghanistan, emphasizing the harm it
Seyyd Ghasem Razaghi Mosavi mohamad amin mirzai

Nearly thirty percent (30%) of the Afghanistan population is Shia. The findings emphasize the concept of justice in Islam and human experiences based on equality and the role of all the people of a territory to show the need for inclusive participation of people in all More

Nearly thirty percent (30%) of the Afghanistan population is Shia. The findings emphasize the concept of justice in Islam and human experiences based on equality and the role of all the people of a territory to show the need for inclusive participation of people in all areas, especially power. This article Review the Political history OF contemporary Shiites to know threats within and outside the group as well. In reviews on Afghanistan this question is raised that what is the role of the Shiites in the political structure of contemporary Afghanistan. Formation of political power in Afghanistan without Shias, Ambiguity and tension in relations, is a situation that pervades the entire modern history of the country. There are serious obstacles for Shia to achieve the power structure, therefore it is necessary to Review Shiite political role and its challenges.  Due to internal and external challenges, the Shiites are not present in the political structure of Afghanistan. Methods to achieve the objectives of this research is the study of political changes of Shiites and analysis. The absence of Shiites in power, have multiple reasons and they should identify the problems and their solutions. The results of this study are Explanation of internal and external challenges of Shiite group like Ethnic and discriminatory approach in Afghanistan Power System, Lack of political system, strategic plan among Shiites. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Causes of Continuing Left Parties Before and After the Islamic Revolution in Iran
mohammad taghe sadegh famian ghadim mohammad tohidfam

Research on the history of Iran's contemporary developments since the 1979 Islamic Revolution has always been cited as a turning point in the study of historical and social events. As the backgrounds of the revolution of the 1940s and 1950s shaped, political forces and More

Research on the history of Iran's contemporary developments since the 1979 Islamic Revolution has always been cited as a turning point in the study of historical and social events. As the backgrounds of the revolution of the 1940s and 1950s shaped, political forces and parties made different behaviors and decisions in response to this great revolutionary movement. One of the most important forces and political parties of the Left in the Second Pahlavi era is the Tudeh Party of Iran. This research is based on a descriptive-analytical research method that seeks to answer its main question. The main question of this study is how do the reasons for the continuation of the Left parties, especially the Tudeh Party, differ before and after the Islamic Revolution in Iran? One of the main reasons for the continuation of the Left parties, especially the Tudeh Party, is the social base of the Tudeh Party and its leaders before the 1979 Islamic Revolution, which failed to accompany the Islamic Revolution after the Islamic Revolution and to one of the opposition groups. Became Islamic. Alongside this internal cause, we can observe the change in the relations of the great powers after the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran. With the collapse of the rigid bipolar system, the pro-opposition forces inside Iran withdrew their support, forcing them to continue operating inside Iran. The Tudeh Party is at the forefront of these forces Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Cultural Policies in Iraq and Iran: A Study on Rez§ Sh§h and Malek Faisal Reigns
Mustafa Ayed Abd Alghazali Hadi Vakili

In the 20th century, many cultural and social changes were made in Iraq and Iran in the direction of modernization and development. Modernization and reformations that were discussed in two countries intensified during the reign of Malek Faisal bin Hossein (1300-1312) a More

In the 20th century, many cultural and social changes were made in Iraq and Iran in the direction of modernization and development. Modernization and reformations that were discussed in two countries intensified during the reign of Malek Faisal bin Hossein (1300-1312) and Reza Shah (1304-1320). The current research examines and compares the cultural reforms in Iraq and Iran during the reign of King Faisal and Reza Shah, and also to evaluate the level of those reforms and their commonalities and differences in two countries. This research results show that the most important shared aspects of modernization in Iraq and Iran were first the reforms in the field of education at the primary level and then paying attention to the necessity of social active language. The most important difference was based on preserving the religious and indigenous aspects of cultural fields such as education, associations and clothing in Iraq, while in Iran the religious and indigenous aspects of cultural fields were severely weakened and marginalized under the influence of Western modernism and antiquarianism. Also, the level of cultural changes in Iran was much wider than in Iraq. Manuscript profile

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