المسرح

Open Access Article

1 - Bahram Beizai's historical plays in Arabic and Persian literature
Fazel Abbaszadeh Mehrdad Aghaei

10.30495/cls.2021.683908

Bahram Beizai is one of the top play-writers in Iran and a director of theater and cinema who has used myths, legends, folklore and oral literature in the best possible way in his plays. Beizaei's plays have a great importance due to their influence on ancient Persian a More

Bahram Beizai is one of the top play-writers in Iran and a director of theater and cinema who has used myths, legends, folklore and oral literature in the best possible way in his plays. Beizaei's plays have a great importance due to their influence on ancient Persian and Arabic treasures. As it is clear, Beizai in his plays continues Ferdowsi's way in re-reading and recreating history, myths and epics, and he has inspired ancient Persian and Arabic sources in his literary works, including plays. This researcher intends to categorize Bahram Beizai's plays in a descriptive-analytical manner in the framework of "reading-oriented" critique and evaluate them with a favorable summary of the author's theatrical sources and the author's specific processing and approach. The results of the research show that Bahram Beizai, by examining different historical periods and adapting the epic myths, Ashura, pre-Islamic and post-Islamic history of Iran, has been able to bind his works with contemporary currents and ideas by these re-readings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Glance at the Literary Man, Poet and Playwright, Suleiman Al-Hozami and the Play “Bedayat Al-Nahayat”
Seyed Ebrahim Arman Zohre Banbi

Drama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is More

Drama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is proper for applying national themes and calling for freedom, rising against oppression and resistance. The present article surveys the works of one of the prominent pioneers of this literary form, Suleiman Al-Hozami from Kuwait, some of whose works are translated into English, Spanish and Persian. Manuscript profile

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3 - "Ahl Al Kahf" Drama by Towfiq Hakim under Post Modernism Criticism
Abdolrazaq Rahmani Zahra Garmei Amineh Zargar

Post modernism criticism is a philosophical theory which was founded in 20th century by Jacques Derrida; preference of writing on speech is the basis of the post modernism. This school contains important expressions which should be paid attention to; such as opposition/ More

Post modernism criticism is a philosophical theory which was founded in 20th century by Jacques Derrida; preference of writing on speech is the basis of the post modernism. This school contains important expressions which should be paid attention to; such as opposition/delay/presence/absence and distribution. Towfiq Hakim owns many works with many different methods. He is known as a pioneer in mind drama and Ahl Al Kahf Drama is of a special importance amongst his works and contains studying and surveying the Egypt's problems and troubles in the colonialism era. The present paper is studying dualism of character, place and thought in Ahl Al Kahf drama. The paper shows us that a reader may apply in the text analysis and create a new text. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - National approach in national show “Ali Aghle Arsan”
Shahriar Niazi Azam bigdeli Shima Faraji far

Various approaches have emerged in the Arab World View.One of the most notable of them is a national approach to the Arab nation’s ups and downs that accompany. Playwrights according show to this approach and comprised a part of the production of own to this appro More

Various approaches have emerged in the Arab World View.One of the most notable of them is a national approach to the Arab nation’s ups and downs that accompany. Playwrights according show to this approach and comprised a part of the production of own to this approach.”ali aghle arsan” Undoubtedly, is a pioneer in this field that The national concern - a true reflection of the man himself and his view is hardly momentous events that shook the Arab conscience.His firm belief in his own faith in the true and apparent build national issues.His works show clearly that the national awakening call. Manuscript profile

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5 - An Analysis on Religious Heritage and its Application in “The People of the Cave” Play by Tawfiq Al-Hakim
Mahmoud Shakib Seyyedeh Narges Ghazavi

There should be religious artist before religious art comes to exist; it means religious science should be parallel with Islamic and religious insight. Tawfiq al-Hakim is a famous name in the history of Arabic contemporary literature and owns specific wave whose works a More

There should be religious artist before religious art comes to exist; it means religious science should be parallel with Islamic and religious insight. Tawfiq al-Hakim is a famous name in the history of Arabic contemporary literature and owns specific wave whose works are called “mental plays” due to some troubles in imagination of this literary type. Hakim’s literature had remarkable effect on next literary generations and that’s why knowing religious fields, references and time conditions seem essential to find out the effect of religious heritage in creating works by scholars and literary men such as Tawfiq al-Hakim. The method of present research is descriptive and librarian to analyze the effect of religious heritage on “People of the Cave” play by Tawfiq al-Hakim. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - A study on the Internal Structure of Playwriting in Iraq; “Al – Meftah” as a Sample
Mohammad Hasan Amraei

Youssef Ismael – Iraqi great artist – is one of the nobles in playwriting either in writing or in criticism. Al – Aani has enjoyed Beresht’s theories and ideas while his idea were based on political requirements which was dominant in that era; he More

Youssef Ismael – Iraqi great artist – is one of the nobles in playwriting either in writing or in criticism. Al – Aani has enjoyed Beresht’s theories and ideas while his idea were based on political requirements which was dominant in that era; he wanted to choose a frame for playwriting which considered all types of people of the society. The present article which is analytical – descriptive, studies the intertextual elements such as theme, characters, events and battles, time and place of the play. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Emergence and Development of Play in and the Reasons Arabs Have Been Hindered
Ali Saberi

Play is an ancient literary form in the history of human art which has undergone different developments. Different ears during which this human art has developed could be classified as: Greek, Roman, middle ages, classic era, romantic era and realism era. Play More

Play is an ancient literary form in the history of human art which has undergone different developments. Different ears during which this human art has developed could be classified as: Greek, Roman, middle ages, classic era, romantic era and realism era. Play appeared with preliminary dances and music in religious ceremonies and has developed into modern plays and movies after all the mentioned eras. We are now observing it flourishing in literature and art. One could claim that no modern literature now lacks it although it is obvious that Arabic literature and art has been deprived of this fine human art because of certain social, religious and technical reasons till the contemporary time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A Comparative Analysis of the Tradition and Modernity in Arabic Dramas: A Case Study of the play 'Death of Cleopatra'
Majid Saleh Bek

Researchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and More

Researchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and large acceptable. They also believe that its early stages of formation carried out by Ahmed Shawqi, the Egyptian genius poet, whose knowledge of western literature, especially French literature, strengthened his motivation to benefit from this new literary genre. Fascinated in the French literature and especially dramatic literature, Ahmed Shawqi pursued the way of the great playwrights such as Pierre Corneille, Racine and Moliere in his works. He introduced dramatic stories, as a new literary genre into the Arabic language and turned to historical poems, a way that enhanced the status of historical poem dramas. In the present article "The Death of Cleopatra" is chosen among Shawqi's historical plays. This play was written in 1927 to defend a character that Ahmed Shawqi imagined the history distorted her face. In this play, he defends surprisingly Cleopatra, the queen of the pharaonic era, and portrays her as a patriot who is infatuated with her country, Egypt. In his opinion, Cleopatra was wrongly judged by western historians. They portrayed her as a reveler and capricious woman who does not care about the interests of her country. In his historical dramas, Ahmed Shawqi is not satisfied only with plotting the events of history; rather, his goal in representation historical events and characters is to use them symbolically in order to raise moral, social, political and even psychological issues. He presents an art that is structurally complete and possessed the features of the show. Therefore, it can be said that the historical poem dramas were created and flourished by this revivalist poet under the influence of the greats of this field, such as Racine, Pierre Corneille, Moliere, and Shakespeare. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Interpolating Tradition in Antar ibn Shaddad by Abou Khalil Alqabbani
Fatemeh Parchekani

Calling tradition is among clearest areas which can be found in modern dramatic literary and artistic texts.  The ancient hero is quite well known  and since long has  found his place in literature and art of different nations especially in legends, epics More

Calling tradition is among clearest areas which can be found in modern dramatic literary and artistic texts.  The ancient hero is quite well known  and since long has  found his place in literature and art of different nations especially in legends, epics, folk tales, oral literature and dramatic texts such that it was in a battle with other elements and defeated them. Abou Khalil Alqabbani, the first Syrian playwright and among leaders of play writing in Arab  and eastern world generally wrote many plays and borrowed some of their subjects from ancient narrations including “Antar ibn Shaddad”. Although there were other dramatic texts in Arabic literature about this hero, importance of Alqabani's play is latent in this fact that this is the first work of this kind in the Arab world and is investigated in descriptive- analytical method based on hero's characteristic in original story as a literary text and modern play as a dramatic art  .The results of his study shows that although Alqabbani does not emphasize the story of Antar as a historical event, he calls story of the hero to describe situation in which he lives and social condition of his own society because his society needs to remind a brave hero with good ethic and chivalric features whom Antar represents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Birth and Growth of Iranian Dramatic literature in Mirror of criticism
Naser Ghasemi Neda Rasuoli

In addition to the different arts, in ancient Iran, there were ruins of the festivals and religious rituals indicating an early past existence of theatre and drama. After Islam Iran witnessed other kinds of theatre, deriving their subjects from folk literature and legen More

In addition to the different arts, in ancient Iran, there were ruins of the festivals and religious rituals indicating an early past existence of theatre and drama. After Islam Iran witnessed other kinds of theatre, deriving their subjects from folk literature and legends like: AL taezia, Mirnorozy (AL Nyrouz Prince), Imitation and AL hood show and several others. Throughout the Samanian period (858 – 968) Iran witnessed a great flourishing of literature, particularly theatre and drama. But after the Mogul attack on Iran, literature and culture went into decline. This lasted until the beginning of Safawian period early sixteenth century when literature was revived and theatre came to the fore although primitively. Iran knew modern western literature in all its artistic forms since mid nineteenth century, particularly after constructing Dar al Fonun (the school where modern arts and sciences are being taught) in Tehran and the start of translation from European languages. Mirza Agha Tabrizi was the first writer and dramatist to write three short plays in 1866. He published some of them in al-Ittihād Newspaper (in Tabriz) in 1908, getting some help in expressing his political and philosophic opinions through the dramatically artistic writing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Problematic "Theater Function" for Pioneer Playwrights in the East: the Levant, Iran and Ottoman Turkey
Fatemeh Parchekani

Pioneer dramatists faced problems in the Orient during the nineteenth century with regard to theater function in the Levant, Iran and Ottoman Turkey; emphasizing the need for a theater in their countries. They did not only regard theater as entertainment, but also consi More

Pioneer dramatists faced problems in the Orient during the nineteenth century with regard to theater function in the Levant, Iran and Ottoman Turkey; emphasizing the need for a theater in their countries. They did not only regard theater as entertainment, but also considered it beyond entertainment,  which has other functions.Pioneer dramatists in the Levant believe in the benefits of the art of theater and wrote articles about it and its benefits for society. They considered it to be one of the best literary and artistic genres. Theater offers great services to the country's progress and transcendent entertaining. In their view, the theater can contribute to refining complexions and repair souls and enlighten minds and fight tunnel vision. Theater is blessed as massage to communities.Albeit theater is considered entertainment art, but supporters believe that it is one of the best means of entertainment and leisure where it benefits society, makes the public more stylish and develops social morality as well as entertainment dimension to him. Therefore they defended the theater as a good art for people and should be stuck to. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - A Critical Vision on the Appearance of Historical Drama in Iran
Naser Ghasemi

The modern theater has planted its roots in the mid-nineteenth century in different ways, in particular translation, and the Iranian dramatists emotion of French plays, especially plays by Moliere. The theater initially was comedies, which was the neutralization of the More

The modern theater has planted its roots in the mid-nineteenth century in different ways, in particular translation, and the Iranian dramatists emotion of French plays, especially plays by Moliere. The theater initially was comedies, which was the neutralization of the gullible villagers and intimates of Iranian society. Then twist and raised plays that focused on live models of life and society. The Iranian theater  characterized since its inception  and historical tendency, has resorted Iranian playwright since they know the western theater from history and were  inspired. Nostalgia to the past which is full of stories and  exciting and funny anecdotes and heroic figures, to enlighten the people and awake them against the tyrants and foreign rulers were among common subjects , and  also  were written for the purpose of projections and re-evaluation of  historical events from a contemporary perspective.  This article explains  the appearance of historical drama in Iran, and the reasons that led the  playwrights to  this literary genre, and to indicate the path of development through  passing various stages, and also studies  the historical dramas of that era with descriptive and analytical method Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The Effect of June Failure on the Structure of the “Soiree (Night Party) for the 5th Hazyran (June)” Play
Shahryar Niazi Azam Bigdeli

Failure (defeat) has a very clear effect in the Arab’s drama history. After Hazyran, scriptwriters and playwrights tried to use the subject of failure in their works and also they tried to stem it and analyzed the causes and consequences of it for the community. T More

Failure (defeat) has a very clear effect in the Arab’s drama history. After Hazyran, scriptwriters and playwrights tried to use the subject of failure in their works and also they tried to stem it and analyzed the causes and consequences of it for the community. Therefore, they sought after new styles and new dramatic approaches to portray overwhelming disaster in 1967.      The failure in the 5th Hazyran (June) as an important historical event, shakes Venus deeply from inside. He decided to find a new structure for drawing this vicissitudinous course (period).      His activities and measures for application of the proper structure of plays and script are useful and valuable and for this wondrous event presented a new form and structure. Meanwhile, he took advantage from new theatrical forms and approaches in the world and its achievements and result.      The structure that Venus presented in the “soiree for the 5th Hazyran” script is a new chapter in the drama history of Syria. Manuscript profile

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