List of Articles الرصافی

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  1 - Oppression and Injustice in Al-Rusafi and Farrokhi Yazdi’s Famous Poetries
  Fatemeh Gol Naami Morteza Ghadimi
  10.30495/clq.2021.687400
  Iraq and Iran have always stood up to domestic and foreign oppression throughout their history of struggles. Maruf Al-Rusafi (1875) Iraqi poet and Farrokhi Yazdi (1889) Iranian liberalism poet have always called on the people to rise up against foreign oppression and co More

  Iraq and Iran have always stood up to domestic and foreign oppression throughout their history of struggles. Maruf Al-Rusafi (1875) Iraqi poet and Farrokhi Yazdi (1889) Iranian liberalism poet have always called on the people to rise up against foreign oppression and colonialism and defend their homeland to the extent their patriotic sentiments and calls to fight oppression and injustice are clearly appear through their poetries. These two poets, as representatives of the intellectual and liberalism class of society, were well aware of the evil intentions of the enemies and following the rejection of oppression and tyranny in their own country or in other lands, condemned the actions of aggressors in their poems and fated people and called for an uprising against them. The method of the present study is descriptive – analytical and library resources are applied to explain the manifestations of the struggle of these two poets against oppression and injustice by referring to their poetries. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Common principles of resistance literature in the poems of Jamil Sedghi Zahavi and Maroof Al-Rasafi
  Alireza Hosseini Hossein Hadidi
  Resistance literature is considered as one of the most dynamic contemporary Arab literary currents and was formed especially in Iraq, following the increase of oppression of the Ottoman government and the colonialists in order to fight against it. These poems reflect th More

  Resistance literature is considered as one of the most dynamic contemporary Arab literary currents and was formed especially in Iraq, following the increase of oppression of the Ottoman government and the colonialists in order to fight against it. These poems reflect the pains and sufferings, struggle and stability, freedom and express the problems of different strata of human societies, that poets such as Zahawi and Rasafi are the true preachers. With a great effort, they were able to compose exciting poems and provoke the dormant emotions of the people who, in addition to influencing events, also wrote lasting literary works in the interests of their homeland. This article examines the dimensions and angles of the subject using literary and historical research methods. The findings show that love for the homeland, struggle against the Osmani government and the rule of guardianship are the most important parts of the resistance literature in the poems of these two Iraqi poets. Zahawi and Rasafi were among the poets who called the people to seek right and oppression. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The Effects of Social issues in Ma'ruf Rosafi's Poetry
  Hossein Shamsabadi Asghar Moulavi Nafchi, Gholamreza Golchinrad
  Abstract A poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the Ottoman Empire, Ma'ruf Rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. Obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a ris More

  Abstract A poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the Ottoman Empire, Ma'ruf Rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. Obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a rise and boom which included political, social, and cultural issues. And it was poetry that could yield positive effects in the process of constructing and revolutionizing life trends and its conditions. All these factors led Rosafi and others to embark upon and develop such themes as freedom of speech, spreading knowledge, abolishing ignorance, educating women, establishing justice, and defending home against colonization Manuscript profile
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  4 - The Invocation of Quranic Figures and Stories in Ma’ruf al-Rusafi’s Diwan
  Ali PiraniShal Neman Onegh Raziyeh Maskani
  This article studies Quranic stories and figures, focusing on their use in Ma‘ruf al-Rusafi’s Diwan. The article explains the extent to which al-Rusafi has been influenced by these elements and has developed techniques to adapt them to his odes’ conten More

  This article studies Quranic stories and figures, focusing on their use in Ma‘ruf al-Rusafi’s Diwan. The article explains the extent to which al-Rusafi has been influenced by these elements and has developed techniques to adapt them to his odes’ content by way of technical and thematic incorporation toward the creation of a spiritual atmosphere in his poetry, in such a way he hopes to reach his audience’s minds and perception. Al-Rusafi has drawn upon Adam’s story and hissubsequent fall from paradise, has summoned such characters as Belqais, the queen of Sheba; Moses and Jesus and their miracles; Prophet Muhammad and his perfection. Al-Rusafi has selected and alluded to specificsegments of the aforementioned stories that would best enrich the texture of his poems and serve his poetic purposes. To achieve their desired effect these allusions rely to a certain degree onhis audience’s familiarity with the Quranic stories. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Comparative Study of “Dialogical Principle” in “Sangestan Village” Ode by Akhavan and “Poverty & Sickness” Ode by Marouf Al Rusafi
  Hadi Akhlaqi Fariborz Hassan Janzadeh Mohammad Jafari
  Poetry turns to be an art in the contemporary era in order to interact with others and society. Contemporary poets are not inconsiderate to their countries and attempt to react for them, propose strategy and talk to society’s elements. Thus many contemporary poets More

  Poetry turns to be an art in the contemporary era in order to interact with others and society. Contemporary poets are not inconsiderate to their countries and attempt to react for them, propose strategy and talk to society’s elements. Thus many contemporary poets unlike old poets possess dialogical principle and its elements such as reciprocal conversation, vocative phrases, carnival, multilingual and chronotope notably. Mahdi Akhavān-Sāles – Iranian contemporary poet – and Marouf Al Rusafi – Iraqi contemporary poet – are the ones whose poetries are full of social concepts and fought against colonization and exploitation and tried to solve social problems with a dialogical field and conversational process. Therefore the present research attempts to survey dialogical principle by Mikhail Bakhtin in “Sangestan Village” Ode by Akhavān-Sāles and “Poverty & Sickness” Ode by Marouf Al Rusafi comparatively. The results show that the abovementioned odes were created because of social conditions and two poets tried to transfer their experiences by enjoying dialogical principle and using its indicatives in order to have effective and symbolic discourse. Both poets’ emphasis was on dialogical principle by applying vocative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative, chronotope and carnival phrases. The applied method in the research is descriptive – analytical based on American school of comparative literature. Manuscript profile
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  6 - A Study of the Status of Woman in the Poetry of Bahār and Shoghi
  Hasan Shavandi
  There is no doubt that Bahār and Rasāfi are the pioneers of innovation in Iran and Iraq. These two poets have similarities among which is having religious ideologies in youth which was reflected in their poetry. Their ideology has become subtilized as time has More

  There is no doubt that Bahār and Rasāfi are the pioneers of innovation in Iran and Iraq. These two poets have similarities among which is having religious ideologies in youth which was reflected in their poetry. Their ideology has become subtilized as time has passed. They have both paid attention to new subjects such as women and their related issues. The traditional look on women never loses color in the poetry of Bahār while Rasāfi does not tolerate the traditional view on women. Educating and respecting women is the most important point shared by these poets. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Maruf Rassafi, Social Analyzer of Poverty and Deprivation
  Esmaiel Naderi
  Maroof Al-Rosafee, a best-known poet, was born in1875 in Baghdad.He did his best to reflect his social issues in his anthology. That is why he speaks about social issues specially poverty and poorness in collection of elegiacs. Due to such a fact, he was known as "poets More

  Maroof Al-Rosafee, a best-known poet, was born in1875 in Baghdad.He did his best to reflect his social issues in his anthology. That is why he speaks about social issues specially poverty and poorness in collection of elegiacs. Due to such a fact, he was known as "poets of the poor". The main reasons for such a title were facts like "psychological factors, poet's environment and his sensitivity". Al-rasafee was not a poet who witnessed poverty and social issues in his society. As a matter affect, he was not indifferent to what happened around him.  He was highly keen on finding some solution to the reasons for such social issues as ignorance, old customs acting as a barrier to improve and develop a society, neglecting and colonization. In his works, he also made effort o depict deterring ways of poverty including how to get knowledge, kindness of the rich to the poor, cooperation and being economical in life. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Irony in Maroof Alrosafi’s Poem
  Hamid Valizadeh Ali Sayadani Ali Khaleghi
     Irony is an art used by contemporary poets for showing contradiction between two sides in which there is a sort of contradiction and it has been defined in the following ways: 1- the person says one thing and means to be vice versa and 2-sarcasm.Nevertheles More

     Irony is an art used by contemporary poets for showing contradiction between two sides in which there is a sort of contradiction and it has been defined in the following ways: 1- the person says one thing and means to be vice versa and 2-sarcasm.Nevertheles; neither classical Arabic literary criticism nor rhetoric have focused on this. Irony is a technique completely different from paradox and contrast. Both  are  different from technical construction and use of implication. For this reason irony is used to show the contradiction amid two sides. This contradiction is extended to a degree to which it includes the whole ode. And the whole poem becomes a big irony. And it is divided to two inseparable parts: Verbal irony and situational irony, a vivid characteristic of which is contradiction between surface and deep meaning. And this irony in Maroof’s poem is clearly observable. This irony with its kinds are clearly stated when Maroof shows the political repression and kinds of colonialism in Iraq society. And Maroof has used this technique for stating his thoughts and emotions. Consequently, these activities lead to public enlightenment and encouragement of resistance against colonizers which are one of its most important outcomes. And this article tries to show the standpoint of irony and also to analyze it in Maroof’s poem, and the method employed is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile