الأسطورة

Open Access Article

1 - Bahram Beizai's historical plays in Arabic and Persian literature
Fazel Abbaszadeh Mehrdad Aghaei

10.30495/cls.2021.683908

Bahram Beizai is one of the top play-writers in Iran and a director of theater and cinema who has used myths, legends, folklore and oral literature in the best possible way in his plays. Beizaei's plays have a great importance due to their influence on ancient Persian a More

Bahram Beizai is one of the top play-writers in Iran and a director of theater and cinema who has used myths, legends, folklore and oral literature in the best possible way in his plays. Beizaei's plays have a great importance due to their influence on ancient Persian and Arabic treasures. As it is clear, Beizai in his plays continues Ferdowsi's way in re-reading and recreating history, myths and epics, and he has inspired ancient Persian and Arabic sources in his literary works, including plays. This researcher intends to categorize Bahram Beizai's plays in a descriptive-analytical manner in the framework of "reading-oriented" critique and evaluate them with a favorable summary of the author's theatrical sources and the author's specific processing and approach. The results of the research show that Bahram Beizai, by examining different historical periods and adapting the epic myths, Ashura, pre-Islamic and post-Islamic history of Iran, has been able to bind his works with contemporary currents and ideas by these re-readings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A study and Analysis on Allusive Images Implications in Razouk Faraj Razzouk Poems
Maryam Rahmati Ashraf Mane' Farhood

Razouk Faraj Razzouk is one of the 20th century Iraqi poets who played special role in cooperation with Nazik al-Malaika and Badr Shakir al Sayyab in foundation of "Ekhwan Abqar" association. He had applied allusion technique in depicting most of his works in More

Razouk Faraj Razzouk is one of the 20th century Iraqi poets who played special role in cooperation with Nazik al-Malaika and Badr Shakir al Sayyab in foundation of "Ekhwan Abqar" association. He had applied allusion technique in depicting most of his works in order to envoy his main message; thus he used different mythical, religious and historical mysteries derived from nature. The present article attempts to initially study poetic images as keys to enter the mystical issues in general in descriptive – analytical method and then analyzes mystical images of the abovementioned poet. The aim of the present paper is to introduce the literary and scientific character of Razouk Faraj Razzouk and studying his poetic mysteries and their beauties. He could create new approach in preparing poetic symbols and that's why he knows as a different poet amongst his contemporaries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The mythical secrets in Khlil Hawi’s Poery
روح اله نصیری

Khalil Hawi is one of the most famous poets of 20th Centuries’ second half. His deep awareness about philosophy caused tendency toward human understanding, dreaming and inspiration. His poetic language is mystical, pictorial and mythical. His aim in mystical poetr More

Khalil Hawi is one of the most famous poets of 20th Centuries’ second half. His deep awareness about philosophy caused tendency toward human understanding, dreaming and inspiration. His poetic language is mystical, pictorial and mythical. His aim in mystical poetry is to depict his goal in the reader’s mind and make the audience understand the meaning. Hi does not want to express the meanings exactly: he talks about the subjects that are not simply analytical. The present article applies the mythical secrets in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Intertextuality in the poems of Mahmood Darvish
Marzieh Zare Zardeyni

“Intertextuality” is one of the figures of speech in order to enrich Arabic literature poetry and prose to make their work eternal. The present article intends to study “Intertextuality” in the poems of Mahmood Darvish (1964-1983) to unders More

“Intertextuality” is one of the figures of speech in order to enrich Arabic literature poetry and prose to make their work eternal. The present article intends to study “Intertextuality” in the poems of Mahmood Darvish (1964-1983) to understand the reasons of resistance of using this figure of speech in his poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Manifestations of love and women in the Nizar Qabbani’s
Mohammadhadi Moradi Payam Karimi

Abstract Nizar Qabbani is known among Arab poets as a poet of love and women. In fact these two words in the dictionary of Nizar go out of the framework of definitions and restrictions that make it into the department of the collector and the inhibitor. He tried hard t More

Abstract Nizar Qabbani is known among Arab poets as a poet of love and women. In fact these two words in the dictionary of Nizar go out of the framework of definitions and restrictions that make it into the department of the collector and the inhibitor. He tried hard to find these adorable in this picturesque valley; but he did not know her way, however, may open doors to women. In the poems of our poet woman manifested in cases of multiple ways and images so that appear sometimes in the body that you may touch, and sometimes manifested in the form of beloved and sacred ideal that deserves love and adoration; The love manifested in the diverse meanings and mottos as physical joy, property, and pleasure, and over the property, and suicide, and the practice of death, and immortality, and jumping, and ... etc., so that we cannot limit Nizarâ€™s muddledthought which is reflected in the special meaning of love; however, what we can say is that Nizar was carrying on his body the pain of society, and this is what is clearly reflected in his poems. He knocked on every door so that this issue shows, and then find solutions for it. In this research we tried to touch upon this topic in a concise and brief way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Mythical Beinamatni in Amal Danghal,s poem
Hosien Mirzaie Seyed Ebrahim Arman

‘’Beinamatni’’ is one of the subjects which was known by the name of ‘’Tazmin’’. This new concept was offererd Julia Kristipha .She took this concept from the concept of polyphony which the Russian critic and thi More

‘’Beinamatni’’ is one of the subjects which was known by the name of ‘’Tazmin’’. This new concept was offererd Julia Kristipha .She took this concept from the concept of polyphony which the Russian critic and thinker, Michael Bachtin, observed it. Eventually Beinamatni becamed widespread and as a new critical phenomenon was taken into consideration and was spread about in the literature of Europe. Following the publicity of this new literal phenomenon in the West,Arabian literary men also observed it after getting more familiar with the literature of Europe. If we observe the origin of this new critical subject in Arabic literature, we will find out this subject is a new term of the old literal and critical phenomenon. Amal Danghal is one of the literary men who enjoys this critical subject a lot. Beinamatni in the poem of Amal Danghal is cliché and influencial element.For he enjoys mythical Beinamatni and explains the realities of his time.This research considers the subject of Beinamatni, the mythical Beinamatni and its usage in the poem of Amal Danghal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Transformation of Christ myth in contemporary Arabic poetry (Based on the poetry of the Arab pioneer poets)
Masoomeh Mahdavi Sayyed Babak Farzaneh Leyla Ghasemi Hajiabadi

Contemporary Arabic poetry is so intertwined with myths that the use of myth must be considered as one of its most important manifestations. This mythical approach increased the richness and capability of the contemporary Arabic poetry's portrayal and theatrical creatio More

Contemporary Arabic poetry is so intertwined with myths that the use of myth must be considered as one of its most important manifestations. This mythical approach increased the richness and capability of the contemporary Arabic poetry's portrayal and theatrical creation put new horizons before the poets. Contemporary Arab poets, in addition to use the main form of myth, in many cases, dealt with the interference various components of myths and their transformation, in order to adapt more myths to the problems of our time and their thoughts and intentions. This interference embraces all types of myths, including Greek, national, patriotic, and even religious. The present article, uses a descriptive-analytical method to analyse motives and methods of contemporary Arab poets in these transformations as well as their interferences in various elements related to Crist myth. Based on the results of the study, the transformation of the poets in Christ myth more often includes the gospel verses about this prophet. In addition, the function and fate of Christ, the myth of Lazarus and the myth of the Magi, are components of this transformed myth. The change in the nature and function of characters, the addition of elements to the myths essence, and the combinative reproduction of the are also of the main methods of this transformation. In addition, the transformation of the poets in Christ myth mainly origins in the socio-political incentives, such as their disappointment and disillusion from the occurrence of influential developments in chiotic socio-political conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Philosophy of Being in Sohrāb Sepehri’s Poetry: The Myth of Light and Darkness
Zahra Khatami Kashani Mohammadreza Qari

The mysteriousness of the creation and the emergence of the world always leads human beings to find their answers in the world of myths. Researchers divide the myths of creation into two general groups: The myths of cosmogony that describe the beginning of the world in More

The mysteriousness of the creation and the emergence of the world always leads human beings to find their answers in the world of myths. Researchers divide the myths of creation into two general groups: The myths of cosmogony that describe the beginning of the world in symbolic terms; and the myths of origins that portray the birth of plants, animals, humans, etc. The myth of light and darkness is one of the most universal cosmogonic myths that are strongly bound with mystical literature. Sohrāb Sepehri is a mystic poet, and his intuition of the story of creation is achieved through his poetry. In mystical intuition of his first poem collections, we encounter both of the two myths of cosmogony and origins, whereas in the later collections we encounter rather with the origin myths. In this article, we examine Sepehri’s Hasht ketāb (eight books) by a descriptive-analytic method. We will study Sepehri’s mystical intuition from the perspective of mythological criticism based on the light and darkness mythology in order to answer some of the questions of humans willing to know the creation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Mytho-archetypal Analysis of Devil beings in the Persian Divān of Iqbal Lāhori Based on Jung's Theory
Javad Khalej Nastaran Saffari

Iqbal Lāhori is one of the contemporary thinker and philosophers that his most parts of thoughts and ideas are reflected in his Persian divān (collection of poems). While these poems are mostly composed from Philosophical and mystical viewpoints as well as his axial loo More

Iqbal Lāhori is one of the contemporary thinker and philosophers that his most parts of thoughts and ideas are reflected in his Persian divān (collection of poems). While these poems are mostly composed from Philosophical and mystical viewpoints as well as his axial look to the Ideal human man and perfect man (anthropos teleios), so, these poems less attracted the attention of researchers who are familiar old mythical – archetypical approach. This research by use of the method of criticism and analysis of the text is supposed to investigate the meaning-making function of demon creatures in these poems on the basis of Jung’s theory.  The common point of Jung's psychological view and philosophical-mystical view of Iqbal lies in the relation between old patterns of 'ego' and 'shadow' in collective unconscious mind, and conscious mind in the process of individuality and self-knowledge. In this research the relation between those old patterns in the unconscious mind of the individual together with numerous examples is studied through the analysis of the roots of these old patterns in the unconscious of the individual and collective unconscious and in the structure of the human psyche. The results of the research show the meaningful relation of old pattern of the shadow or the semi-dark and hated characters of our personality with devil creatures, Iblis (Satan), dragon, demon and so on. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The analysis of myth-making in Fawziyya Abu Khalid's poem
Moslem Khezeli Mina Pirzadnia

Myths as historical memory of human beings, embedded lots of cultural, social and ideological components of different nations. Since myths have an unbreakable bond with literature, they are suitable tools for poets to grant their poems a symbolic color and transfer thei More

Myths as historical memory of human beings, embedded lots of cultural, social and ideological components of different nations. Since myths have an unbreakable bond with literature, they are suitable tools for poets to grant their poems a symbolic color and transfer their themes to the audience with secret and literary language. Fawziyya Abu Khalid is one of the innovative poets of Arabic literature who has much information about the history and mythological culture of other nations. She uses skillfully and various kinds of myths in her poems to create different and new literary style.  This article tries to investigate the methods calling the myths based on an analytical-descriptive method in Fawziyya Abu Khalid's poem and show the amount of employing myths in her poem through statistical data. Based on the research findings, Abu Khalid uses three ways of repeating the narrative, changing the narrative, and recreating the myth for myth-making in her poem. She has taken a long step towards modernization and creation of her distinctive and specific poetic language by combining tradition and modernity to express her knowledge of Arab world issues, women's conditions, and concepts such as love, patriotism, and freedom with such a style. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Study of Myths and Symbols in BanugoshasbNameh
Mahmoud Tavousi Khadije Bahrami Rahnama

Myths show the layers of human being's collective unconsciousness and include a  nations' symbolic and mysterious conceptions. BanugoshasbNameh is a mythic verse book including mythic functions. In BanugoshasbNameh, Banugoshasb is a warring and heroic archetype. He More

Myths show the layers of human being's collective unconsciousness and include a  nations' symbolic and mysterious conceptions. BanugoshasbNameh is a mythic verse book including mythic functions. In BanugoshasbNameh, Banugoshasb is a warring and heroic archetype. Her functions remind the glory of   women's role in agricultural era, the era which is famed for its matriarchy and in all the verses, it has been tried to show her power and nature. This article tries to show Banugoshasb's character and pays attention to mythic functions such as  transformation, and water symbolism. The theoretical framework of this research is archetypal criticism which will be applied to Banugoshabnameh. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Badr-Shaker-Alsayyab and Tammouz Among Archetypes
Yusef Hadi pour NiKta Samimi

One  of  the  obvious  features  about  cotemporary  poetry   is profiting  the legends  as  there  are  many  poets  who  use  the legends  as a secret  to represent&nbs More

One  of  the  obvious  features  about  cotemporary  poetry   is profiting  the legends  as  there  are  many  poets  who  use  the legends  as a secret  to represent  their attitude. Some  of  the  poets  have  used  the  legends  especially  Tammouz    being  famed  poets  as   Tammouz . Badr-sha ker-Al sayyab- contemporary  poet  of Iraqi  is  at  the  head  of  this  group. He  has  particular  knowledge to apply  these  legends  so that  you  believe  he  is  not  able  to  state  his attitude  without  the  use  of  myths   because  he  was  living  in  a  typical  territory  where  the mouth  was  smelled  in case  of telling :”I  love  you”. He  had  tendency  to  political  activities  in  a period  of  his  life and  struggled permanently   to  prove  a  revolution  and  his  pen  was  his solitary  weapon. Among  these  legends, Tammouz  has  a special  status   because  it symbolizes   evolution  and  change  in  political  and  social  condition, the revolution   which   improves the  people’s  lives. The present  article  is  going  to  consider  the role  of legends  especially  Tammouz in the poetry   of  Sayyab.      Manuscript profile

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