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      • Open Access Article

        1 - A comparative criticism of the classification of conceptual metaphors from lakoff and Johnson view with new classification with evidence from Afghani and Ishiguro works.
        Sanaz Taghipoury hajebi Kamran Pashaie fakhri parvaneh Adelzadeh
        The present study, examination and compares the contemporary view of metaphor against its new classification.The contemporary theory of metaphors which was systematic put forward by lakoff and Johnson, the study of metaphor transformed in to a conceptual metaphor that i More
        The present study, examination and compares the contemporary view of metaphor against its new classification.The contemporary theory of metaphors which was systematic put forward by lakoff and Johnson, the study of metaphor transformed in to a conceptual metaphor that is at the core of cognitive linguistics that encompasses the purpose of human thought and experience. Most recently due to the lack of categorization of some mapping names, a new classification was introduced by Afrashi and Hesami (1392), who introduced the structural and ontological classes in to three new Categories: objective to subjective, subjective to subjective and objective to objectiveThe purpose of the present study is to review and criticality two conceptual metaphorical perspective and to express their similarities and differences with some evidence of Afghani and IshiGuro.The research method is descriptive - analytical.The finding of the study showed that although the application of lakoff and Johnson classification is the basis of much of the current research, in some cases it is not sufficiently responsive in classifying metaphors, Therefore the new classification is more efficient. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Analysis of ontological metaphors in Mehrdad Avesta's "Epic of Arash" based on Lakoff and Johnsons’s theory
        Fereshteh Shahsanam ahmad khajeim Aboulghasem rahimi hasan delbari
        AbstractOne of the achievements of cognitive linguistics is the discovery of the fact that languages ​​use conceptual metaphors to make abstract concepts tangible. According to Lakoff and Johnson (2003), conceptual metaphor uses the domain of origin, which is a tangible More
        AbstractOne of the achievements of cognitive linguistics is the discovery of the fact that languages ​​use conceptual metaphors to make abstract concepts tangible. According to Lakoff and Johnson (2003), conceptual metaphor uses the domain of origin, which is a tangible domain, to explain the domain of destination, which is an abstract and intangible concept; In fact, the basis of conceptual metaphor is the existence of a category of origin and a category of destination and the creation of a correspondence between them. In this view, conceptual metaphors are divided into three categories: ontological, directional and structural, and ontological metaphors in turn fall into three sub-categories: container, object / matter, personality (discernment). Arash's long epic poem is one of the valuable works of Mehrdad Avesta.  According to his epic content, he has expressed many abstract concepts with the help of conceptual metaphors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ontological metaphors in this epic work in a descriptive-analytical manner. After answering the question of how ontological metaphors were used in Arash's epic and what concepts were tangible through this metaphor, the authors came to the conclusion that the poet sought to express sigh and regret. From the turbulent times that have arisen from the war between Iran and Turan, the conceptualized areas such as times, regrets, fears, calamities,  and etc. were expressed with the areas of origin in terms of the vessel, objects and people. Since the essence of the epic is associated with dynamism and mobility, most conceptualization has taken place with the domain of the origin of the character bringing life to abstract concepts. Manuscript profile