Introduction and aims: In this study , we reviewed the comparison the chemical content of active ingredient was isolated from Trachyspermum ammi Plant of three bioclimatic zones of Iran as preserver of Citrous fruits on the growth of Alternaria alternata, Penicillium di More
Introduction and aims: In this study , we reviewed the comparison the chemical content of active ingredient was isolated from Trachyspermum ammi Plant of three bioclimatic zones of Iran as preserver of Citrous fruits on the growth of Alternaria alternata, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus niger .Methods: essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi fruit from different ecotypes were prepared by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and were quantified and identified by comparison with standard spectra after GC-MS analysis. Antifungal effect of essential oils was evaluated by disk diffusion method, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) and 50% inhibition of fungal growth (IC50). The results: All essential oil ecotypes in the disk fusion method had a growth inhibition zone greater than 10 cm but we saw the growth of fungi with extracts and sweets of essential oil. The most effective ecotype of essential oils on the studied fungi were the Shiraz and Kerman ecotype for Aspergillus niger with MIC and MFC equal 125 and 250 ug/ml. The lowest percentage of growth inhibition is realated to essential oil of Shiraz for Alternaria alternata and Esfahan for Aspergillus niger in concentration 31/25 to 2000 ug/ml between (5/58-100%)-(5/3-100%). Discussion: The finding of this study indicates that essential oil compared to extract and sweat of this plant has a significant antifungal effect on the fungi studied. So you can hope that in the future, replacing herbal essential oil instead of chemical antifungal drugs that always have a lot of side effects can used as citrus retainers.
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Background and Objectives: Nowadays RFLP test from IGS region is a used for determination of interspecies diversities. The aim of this study was to determine pathogenic species of Alternaria from leaf spots of citrus in Mamasani region based on morphological and I More
Background and Objectives: Nowadays RFLP test from IGS region is a used for determination of interspecies diversities. The aim of this study was to determine pathogenic species of Alternaria from leaf spots of citrus in Mamasani region based on morphological and ITS1 sequencing and to determine genetic variation of isolates based on RFLP-IGS.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 70 leaf spotted samples collected from different citruses species and cultivars of Mamasany orchards including orange (Valencia, Navel and leaf spoon Cv.), lime and sweet lemon (Wikova and local Cv.) during In autumn 2011. The isolates were cultured on PDA medium and purified by using single spore method and their species were identified based on morphological characters. The pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated by based on Koch’s rules through exposure of isolates to leaf. DNA was extracted from mycelia by CTAB and the ITS1 and IGS regions were amplified by using specific primers. The ITS1 region was sequenced and the IGS region was digested by HinfI, BsnI, RsaI, BssmI and AluI restricted enzymes.
Results: All isolates were identified as Alternaria alternata based on morphological characters and sequencing of ITS1 region. Constructed dendrogram based on RFLP patterns showed existence of three divergent groups in 51% similarity. Orange, lime and sweet lemon isolates grouped in divergent groups. Also Wikova isolates grouped in different clade.
Conclusion: The obtained results clearly showed that the enzyme patterns of IGS can reveal the classification defects of Alternaria alternata form citrus hosts.
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Background & Objectives: Several studies have shown that fungi can cause allergenic asthma in the susceptible persons. Among these fungi, Alternaria, Penicillium and Aspergillus species are more common in this cases. This study was performed to detect and to compare More
Background & Objectives: Several studies have shown that fungi can cause allergenic asthma in the susceptible persons. Among these fungi, Alternaria, Penicillium and Aspergillus species are more common in this cases. This study was performed to detect and to compare allergenic bands in A.alternata, P.citrinum and A.fumigatus. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 48 patients afflicted to asthma and 22 healthy controls. The fungi were grown and their extract crude were obtained using the liquid nitrogen. The protein fractions were isolated by SDS-PAGE and after electrotransfering and transfer of the bands into the nitrocellulose membrane, the proteins were used for immunoblotting against the sera obtained from patients and controls. Results: Based on the immunobloting test, 6 protein allergenic bands for A. alternata (49-115 kDa), 4 protein bands for A. fumigatus (57-112 kDa) and 5 protein bands for P. citrinum (37-127 kDa) are detected in these samples. Conclusion: The highest amount of allergic band belonged to A. alternate. The bands with higher molecular weights were more effective in stimulation of IgE.
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