insecurity

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating the relationship between psychological well-being and job performance with the mediating role of emotional commitment and moderating job insecurity
Marzieh Heydari abolfazl zarinkola Elham Yousefi Masoumeh Yousefi

This study aims to investigating the relationship between psychological well-being and job performance with the mediating role of emotional commitment and moderating job insecurity. The statistical population of this research is made up of the teachers of Bowanat school More

This study aims to investigating the relationship between psychological well-being and job performance with the mediating role of emotional commitment and moderating job insecurity. The statistical population of this research is made up of the teachers of Bowanat schools, whose number is 880. In order to select the sample size, a sample of 268 people was randomly selected according to the size using Cochran's formula. To measure job performance from the questionnaire of Shahrazad et al. (2018), emotional commitment (Allen and Mayer, 1990), hedonic well-being (Diener et al., 1985), virtue-oriented well-being (Waterman et al., 2010), job insecurity from The questionnaire of Jung et al. (2021) was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was examined and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability and its validity by construct and content validity. Research hypotheses were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. The research results showed that hedonic well-being has a positive and significant effect and virtue-oriented well-being has a negative and significant effect on emotional commitment. Also, emotional commitment has a positive and meaningful effect on job performance. On the other hand, emotional commitment plays a mediating role in the relationship between hedonic well-being and job performance. But the relationship between virtue-oriented well-being and job performance does not play. Also, job insecurity has a moderating role on the relationship between hedonic well-being and emotional commitment, but not on the relationship between virtue-oriented well-being and emotional commitment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Socio-demographic Characteristics Associated with Food Insecurity among Vulnerable Households in a District of Tehran
Mahmoud Ghazi Tabatabaei Nasrin Omidvar Jamileh Alihosseini Abouali Vedadhir

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3 - The Sociological View toward Social Order in Metropolises (A Comparative Study of Tehran, London and Bombay)
Mohammadreza Javadi Yeganeh Mohammad Mehdi Labibi

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Open Access Article

4 - Modeling the Factors Affecting Rural Households’ Food Security in Zanjan County
Akram Jozi Leila Safa Nafiseh Salahimoghadam

The main objective of this research was modeling the factors affecting rural households’ food security in Zanjan County. The statistical population of the current research was 25864 rural household heads in Zanjan County which based on Bartlett et al. (2001) formu More

The main objective of this research was modeling the factors affecting rural households’ food security in Zanjan County. The statistical population of the current research was 25864 rural household heads in Zanjan County which based on Bartlett et al. (2001) formula, 353 of them were selected using a two-stage sampling method. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and as well as the construct validity and the reliability of the questionnaire were obtained after making necessary corrections. The collected data were analyzed using SPSSWin22 and Smart PLS3 software. The descriptive results of the research showed that most of the surveyed respondents (more than two thirds) were in severe food insecurity situation. Moreover, the results of structural equation modeling revealed that each of five factors of economic, policy-regulatory, educational-information, family and geographical had positive and significant effects on rural household heads’ food security level and explained about 57.9 percent of variances in the dependent variable. However, the relationship between social factors and the food security level was not significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Vulnerability of rural households in Fars province to food insecurity Due to drought
Nosaha Nahid Farhad Lashgarara Lashgarara Seyed Jamal Farajolah Hosseini seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi

Climate change and drought have greatly affected the vulnerability of rural households. This study aimed to Analyzing the vulnerability of rural households in Fars province of Iran for food insecurity under drought and also analyzing their adaptive responses to drought More

Climate change and drought have greatly affected the vulnerability of rural households. This study aimed to Analyzing the vulnerability of rural households in Fars province of Iran for food insecurity under drought and also analyzing their adaptive responses to drought in terms of attitude and action. It was a survey research and data was collected from a sample of population based on the stratified random sampling. The sample population was 270 respondents from Fars Province by using Shaffer formula. The data was analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS software. Based on the results, the vulnerability of rural households in Fars province to drought is above average, which sensitivity factor has the highest effect on vulnerability of rural households. Also, the results of the study showed that the most effective adaptation strategies to reduce of drought Consequences are significantly dependent on government support. However, less vulnerable households have more strategic options for coping with the consequences of drought. Cluster analysis indicated that based on the two groups of respondents with the low and high vulnerability that According to it, the studied rural households were compared in terms of some characteristics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Role of Non-Agricultural Incomes in Food Security of Rural Households
M. Charaghi M. Ghadiri Masom M. R. Rezvani

Introduction: Food security in rural society is one of the main objectives of rural development program in all the countries. Therefore development of non-agricultural incomes in rural areas can expand the rural society due to the additional source of income where a bet More

Introduction: Food security in rural society is one of the main objectives of rural development program in all the countries. Therefore development of non-agricultural incomes in rural areas can expand the rural society due to the additional source of income where a better access to resources namely food might be achieved. This study is concerned with the effects of non-agricultural incomes on food security in rural households. Materials and Methods: The population of rural area in the province of Zanjan in 2011, consisted of 97,225 people, 26,429 households scattered in 13 districts and 248 villages. 54 villages were selected according to the modified Cochran formulas. Data collection was obtained by questionnaire for statistical analysis, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Jonckheere test and multiple regression) and applied to calculate the amount of food security and food insecurity scales. Results: The results indicated that 31.73% of the households have food security while 43.10% do not have the security but without hunger. The results also indicated that 15.52% of the households who do not have food security have moderate hunger while 9.65% of the households without food security have severe hunger. Conclusion: This study has concluded that the non-agricultural incomes in the rural areas can improve the food security and the quality of life. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Everyday Sexism: The Study of Women’s Experience of Street Harassment and Victims’ Reaction to it in Sanandaj
Jalil Sahabi Serve Fayeqhi Fayeqhi Faranak Shahmoradi Saeed Khani Soheila Hossainpour

10.30495/iifs.2022.1953397.1026

The issue of womens' harassment has been the center of this analysis, synchronously with the presence of women in society. Street harassment by men includes any act that involves verbal, physical or even praise of women. This study aims to discover the types of harassme More

The issue of womens' harassment has been the center of this analysis, synchronously with the presence of women in society. Street harassment by men includes any act that involves verbal, physical or even praise of women. This study aims to discover the types of harassment created for women and girls and investigate their reactions in Sanandajaj. The research field included all women and girls aged 18 to 40. The participants were 36 women who had experienced street harassment. They were selected based on the purposive sample and Semi-structured interviews implemented for collecting data. The basis of analyzing data was on the underlying theory. Fifty-one categories extracted concerning the cause, reaction, strategy, outcome, and core category. According to these women, street harassment is more common in public places such as streets, parks, and recently in cyberspace. The main reasons for occurring street harassment cited as wandering, emotional deficiencies, and the dominance of a patriarchal atmosphere over society. The most common reaction of women was silence and ignoring the ugly act of harassment, especially teasing. The result was a sense of fear and insecurity for women. The final core category of the research was the concept of "street space for emptying men's socio-economic failures". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Identification of factors affecting invisibilityStaff at Payam Noor University of Khuzestan Province
Nasrin Ebrahimi Morad Shamsi

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the employees' invisibility in the light message of Khuzestan province.The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and in the type of method is a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this r More

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the employees' invisibility in the light message of Khuzestan province.The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and in the type of method is a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this research includes employees of Payame Noor University of Khuzestan, which is 745 people and 227 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. ToolThe data was collected by a questionnaire whose factual validity was confirmed by management professorsIts reliability has been calculated and validated using the Cronbach Alpha coefficient.Friedman test has been used to analyze the information from structural equations using the LISREL software and for ranking the factors influencing employee invisibility. The results show that there are six factors; organizational discrimination and injustice, job insecurity, inappropriateness, decision-making style, reward and appreciation, and the system for monitoring and controlling employees' invisibility. Also, among the six identified factors, the factor of injustice and organizational discrimination has a greater impact than other factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Mediating Role of Psychological Capital between Authentic Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Job Insecurity and Intention to job leave
Ali Mehdad Nasim Samimi

this study aims to investigate the mediating role of psychological capital between authentic leadership, job satisfaction, job insecurity and intention to job leave among employees of polysteel company in Tehran. Research method was correlational and the statistical pop More

this study aims to investigate the mediating role of psychological capital between authentic leadership, job satisfaction, job insecurity and intention to job leave among employees of polysteel company in Tehran. Research method was correlational and the statistical population included all employees of mentioned organization out of them 159 subjects were selected via convenience sampling method. A set of questionnaire consisted of authentic leadership (Walumbwa et al., 2008), psychological capital (Nguyen et al., 2012), job satisfaction (Smith et al., 1969), job insecurity (Francis and Barling., 2005) and intention to job leave (Wiener & Vardi, 1980), were used in current study. Data were analyzed with use of structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings showed that there were significant indirect effect of authentic leadership on job satisfaction, perceived insecurity, and the intention to job leave through effect on psychological capital. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that authentic leadership directly encourages psychological capital and indirectly, through the impact on the psychological capital, increases job satisfaction and decreases job insecurity and intention to leave the job. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Explain the relationship between Physical damages of theft With an attitude to the fear and insecurity of citizens based on social learning theory
sajad namvar hamed bakhshi masod imanian

Much of a person's knowledge of the environment is based on his or her learning record. Stealing from social deviations is recurring, causing fear and insecurity in citizens by inflicting casualties. In this study, the relationship between the loss of life and theft is More

Much of a person's knowledge of the environment is based on his or her learning record. Stealing from social deviations is recurring, causing fear and insecurity in citizens by inflicting casualties. In this study, the relationship between the loss of life and theft is explained by the attitude towards fear and insecurity of citizens based on learning theory. This research is a quantitative and descriptive survey study that has been conducted in a correlational manner. The statistical population includes all citizens of North Khorasan province. The sample was obtained based on Cochran's formula to 384 people and the researcher-made questionnaire was distributed in a stratified manner according to the volume. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by several experts in this field and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method was 82.. Confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. Based on the results, it was observed that from the citizens' point of view, the loss of life due to theft in the streets and places, pickpocketing and home theft, respectively, have the highest relationship with other attitudes towards fear and insecurity compared to other thefts. Because only 8.6% of respondents have been robbed, Based on social learning theory, it is inferred that other mechanisms such as observation and imitation, in addition to the direct experience of robbery, have determined their attitudes toward fear and insecurity. Implementation of crime prevention plans can use positive observation and imitation mechanisms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - New research on social security of the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political liberties)
siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi farsani Ali Reza Abtahi Syavash Shahrivar

In this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah a More

In this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah and his intellectuals along with him to gain political legitimacy by linking the Pahlavi monarchy to the ancient kingdoms of Iran, is an era of effective and timely formation of intellectual foundations Iran is new. Meanwhile, nationalism, which was consolidated as one of the main ideologies of the modernization process, was conquered by the victory of the Constitutional Revolution in the political and cultural contexts of Iran, played a central role in the intellectual changes of the first Pahlavi era. The first Pahlavi government made changes In various areas of Iran's social life, among these changes, were the changes that took place in the field of social security and subsequent social insecurity. In Iran, despite efforts made in the era of Reza Shah, modernization did not lead to the creation of a modern and developed society. This article seeks to understand the causes of social insecurity, which was created in the first Pahlavi rehabilitation programs, and to answer the question of what constitutes the consequences of the Pahlavi era policies for social security and the solutions to social security in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method to better analyze the historical information obtained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - A new look at providing social security during the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political freedoms)
siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi alireza abtahi

In this study, social insecurity in the politics and practice of the first Pahlavi is briefly discussed. Reza Shah's efforts and policies to establish a modern government and the expansion of comprehensive modernization (economic, social, political, etc.) at a basic and More

In this study, social insecurity in the politics and practice of the first Pahlavi is briefly discussed. Reza Shah's efforts and policies to establish a modern government and the expansion of comprehensive modernization (economic, social, political, etc.) at a basic and clear stage It is the history of Iran that, by linking the first Pahlavi government with modern ideologies (nationalism) and historical backgrounds (archeology), was able to create important actions and policies in that time frame. Although this modernization and populism could have positive functions in the field of security and its components in the political and social sector, but it also paved the way for fundamental and dangerous social insecurities, which we seek to explain and analyze in this article. This article seeks to identify the causes of social insecurity created in the first Pahlavi modernization programs and to answer the question of what consequences the policies of the first Pahlavi era had for social security and what were the social security strategies in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method through which the obtained historical information can be better analyzed Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Omavid and Insecurity Aggravation in Iran’s Provinces
Javad Heravi

Since Sasanian imposed perjury and oppression on the people of Iran’s provinces, they in fact provided the basis for their fall, as they lost the rein and ruling because of Muslem Arab attack. Unfortunately, the first sweet flavors of Islamic rule in Iran didn& More

Since Sasanian imposed perjury and oppression on the people of Iran’s provinces, they in fact provided the basis for their fall, as they lost the rein and ruling because of Muslem Arab attack. Unfortunately, the first sweet flavors of Islamic rule in Iran didn’t last long. After imam Ails martyrdom, governors ruled in different provinces of Iran who thought nothing but their own personal and ethic interests. Omavi governors in many countries including Iran had no achievements but insecurity, despotism, cruelty and corruption. Omavian racism in a vast and widespread extent yield nothing but denying the people from human, social….rights. So much threat, inauspicious, continued until justice was replaced with injustice and brightness with darkness. In this article the author has tried to offer a brief sketch of history from this entry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The Mediating Role of Organizational Justice in Job Insecurity and Burnout During the Covid – 19 Pandemic
Manouchehr karimi Seyedaliakbar Ahmadi

10.30495/qjopm.2022.1947305.3279

The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of organizational justice in the relationship between job insecurity and burnout, especially in crisis situations. The research is of applied nature using the descriptive-survey method. The statistical populati More

The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of organizational justice in the relationship between job insecurity and burnout, especially in crisis situations. The research is of applied nature using the descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study was the staff of Tabriz Tractor Manufacturing Company with 281 people who were stratified through stratified random sampling method. Three standard questionnaires of job insecurity, burnout and organizational justice were used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and their reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the hypotheses and the data were analyzed by PLS software. Other related studies suggest that individuals experienced a significant burden of mental health as a result of job insecurity in the midst of the COVID-19 epidemic. This study revealed that organizational justice can have a moderating effect in such crises and reduce the negative impact of job insecurity on burnout and consequent disorders. In particular, the procedural and interactional dimensions of organizational justice have the most inverse effect on burnout. Thus, the role of organizational justice in modifying employee burnout, especially in crisis situations, similar to the current situation resulting from the Covid-19 pandimic crisis, is important. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Pathology of electronic financial reporting in terms of content.Dimensions and structure
Ali Lalbar Amir Ali Rahimi

In this research, an attempt has been made to address the pathology of electronic financial reporting in terms of content, dimensions and structure; This research is a qualitative and exploratory research. For this purpose, by conducting 35 interviews in 2021 using the More

In this research, an attempt has been made to address the pathology of electronic financial reporting in terms of content, dimensions and structure; This research is a qualitative and exploratory research. For this purpose, by conducting 35 interviews in 2021 using the Delphi method with experts in the field of theoretical foundations of electronic financial reporting and the field of capital market, saturation has been reached. The results of the research show that, according to experts, information security is the most important reason for not having the necessary capabilities of the current internet reporting model. Also, the indicator of creating suitable platforms for the development of Internet reporting in general and its subset means creating conditions for the convenience and availability of Internet financial information, with the most important indicator among the identified indicators, in order to address the criticisms and shortcomings of the current model and respond to the needs It is the users. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The Consequences of Identity Crisis in Ontological Insecurity and Foreign Policy Strategies of Israel
Mustafa Tarin Ahmad Jansiz Reza Simbar

10.30495/pir.2023.1993562.3654

The increasing spread of social gaps in the heterogeneous society of Israel and casting doubts on identity symbols of Zionism have challenged the ontological security of this regime. By applying racial discrimination policies, Zionism has faced social elements with stru More

The increasing spread of social gaps in the heterogeneous society of Israel and casting doubts on identity symbols of Zionism have challenged the ontological security of this regime. By applying racial discrimination policies, Zionism has faced social elements with structural separation, it has reduced the desires of social forces to support this regime. Assuming various gaps in Israel and with a descriptive-analytical method, the present article answers the question, in Constructivism theoretical framework, that what is the role of identity crisis in formation of the Israelite ontological insecurity? According to the findings, inability to resolve the problems and gaps resulting from internal, have led to make the structure of this regime security-oriented. The formation of this securitized environment along with the use of violence emanating from the Zionist ideology has caused Israel to have a strong tendency to belligerence in such a way that threats and tension have become a part of the ontological security of this government, and the efforts to security been included in Israel's foreign policy. Solving the crisis of ontological insecurity requires a change in the rigid Zionist approach to a soft approach, as well as going through the process of making the government non-security-oriented. Manuscript profile

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17 - Investigating the impact of the US presence in Iraq and the spread of insecurity In this country after the fall of Saddam
Ali Alhendavi Masoud Jafarinezhad Firas Abdul Karim Mohammed Ali Mohammad Reza Aghareb Parast

The main strategy of the United States to advance its goals in the early third millennium AD was preemptive attack and preventive war, in fact, the incident of September 11 belongs to those thoughts, programs, groups, and radical and radical political tendencies in the More

The main strategy of the United States to advance its goals in the early third millennium AD was preemptive attack and preventive war, in fact, the incident of September 11 belongs to those thoughts, programs, groups, and radical and radical political tendencies in the field of American foreign and defense policy that in Throughout the presidency of Bush Sr. and Clinton, they were in isolation, and during the period of Bush Sr., it was possible to appear and emerge, and it was transferred from the margins to the text of the foreign policy of the United States. The process of developments in Iraq after the American attack had greatly changed the political structure of Iraq. After Saddam, Iraq experienced a new era, one of the components of which was the spread of insecurity and terrorism in this country. In order to carry out this research, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical way, the following question has been raised: What are the security consequences of America's presence in Iraq after Saddam? In order to answer the question raised, this hypothesis has been presented that: the presence of America in Iraq caused the crisis and created insecurity . Manuscript profile

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18 - Analysis of Factors Determining Households Food Security in Pastoral Area Oromia Region, Moyale District, in Ethiopia
Amsalu Mitiku Bekabil Fufa Beyene Tadese

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19 - تحقیقی درباره سکوت سازمانی مدرسان زبان انگلیسی، ناامنی شغلی، رضایت شغلی و فرسودگی شغلی
Linda Samadi Mohammad Bagheri Firooz Sadighi Lotfollah Yarmohammadi

10.30495/ttlt.2020.673605

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20 - TheEffective Factors Analysis on Tourism Industry in Middle, South and West Asia
Narciss Amin Rashti Fatemeh Fahimifar Ebrahim Siami Araghi

Because of the ancient history and various nature species, Asia continent have attracted many tourists from all over the word. Various negative reasons such as civil and foreign wars, terrorism, ethnic and tribal prejudice, etc have been effective on few tourists in thi More

Because of the ancient history and various nature species, Asia continent have attracted many tourists from all over the word. Various negative reasons such as civil and foreign wars, terrorism, ethnic and tribal prejudice, etc have been effective on few tourists in this region. In spite of oil and petroleum resources, and high incomes in these countries, there isn’t any serious focus on tourism. The present study investigates effective factors on tourism in Middle, South and West Asia. Also, it analyzes these factors with focus on revolutions and recent world circumstance. Moreover, the effect of nature attractions such as species’ extinction (e.g. plants, birds, mammalians, and fishes) is discussed in order to tourist attraction. So, Panel Data is used for time period form 3227to 4112. The results show that some factors (such as Insecurity) have negative effect and others positive (such as ecotourism) on the number of tourists Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The Relationship between Leaders' Job Insecurity and Transformational Leadership with the Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion and Moderating Trait Mindfulness
somayeh shadmehri vahid mirzaei

10.30495/mlseo.2022.692914

 This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between job insecurity and transformational leadership behavior with the mediation of emotional exhaustion and the moderation of mindfulness. The statistical population of the research was More

 This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between job insecurity and transformational leadership behavior with the mediation of emotional exhaustion and the moderation of mindfulness. The statistical population of the research was the employees and managers of Payam Noor University. According to the size of the population, using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method, 104 people were selected as the sample size. To collect data, Neisy job security Questionnaire (2000), Maslach Exhaustion Questionnaire (1986), Brown and Ryan's Mindfulness Scale (2003) and Bass and Avolio Transformational Leadership Questionnaire (2000) were used. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by experts and reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha of job security, emotional exhaustion, transformational leadership, and mindfulness were reported as 0.922, 0.828, 0.972, and 0.928, respectively. For data analysis, descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and structural equation method with partial least squares approach) were used through Amos software. The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between job insecurity of leaders and emotional exhaustion, and it also showed that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between job insecurity and transformational leadership; In addition, the results showed that mindfulness moderates the relationship between job insecurity and emotional exhaustion. Manuscript profile

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