historiography

Open Access Article

1 - Idris Bitlisi, clerkly writing History and Islamic paradigm in the Ottoman historiography
Mohammad Hossein Sadeghi

Due to the presence of Iranian scholars and scientists and the support of the sultans and princes, the Persian language and literature and, accordingly, Persian historiography have enjoyed a special place in the Ottoman Empire. So, under the patronage of the Ottoman cou More

Due to the presence of Iranian scholars and scientists and the support of the sultans and princes, the Persian language and literature and, accordingly, Persian historiography have enjoyed a special place in the Ottoman Empire. So, under the patronage of the Ottoman court, several historical works were written. Idris Bitlisi has a special place among the Persian historians of the Ottoman court. So he can be considered the most prominent representative of Persian writing and Iranian historiography in the Ottoman court. After presenting a description of the life of Idris Bitlisi, focusing on the text of Hasht Bihisht and Salim Shahnameh as his two historiographical works, the present study aims to identify the main components of his history writing and historiography and explain these components in the final step. The findings of the current research show that the detailed report of events, using artificial and literary prose, the mixing of text with poems, verses, and hadiths, the lack of sufficient references to the sources of the narrations, and the Regular division of contents are the most important features of his history writing and the Presenting an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, the effort in In order to legitimize the “Al-i Osman”, using the historical narrative to serve the political purposes of the Ottoman state, placing the court in the center of the narrative, not being limited to quoting political history, paying attention to governmental, scientific and social institutions, influential men and scholars, and Attention to the conditions of neighboring Manuscript profile

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2 - Reflection of Cohens Narrations on The Prophet Sȋrah: An Analysis of Pre-Prophetic Mission Narrations
Naser Abedi Abedi Gholam Hosein Zargarinejad Sina Forouzesh Osman Yousefi

10.30495/jhcin.2022.19580

The compilation of the Prophet’s sȋrah was begun many years after his and companion death in the Umayyad period and evolved in the Abbasid period. The next look, along with the foresight and the historical distance between the events and the writing and by being a More

The compilation of the Prophet’s sȋrah was begun many years after his and companion death in the Umayyad period and evolved in the Abbasid period. The next look, along with the foresight and the historical distance between the events and the writing and by being aware of the situation of their time, and the past news, caused the narrators to find a suitable opportunity for storytelling. One of the methods used by the narrators is to include the news of the Cohens in sȋrah .This article seeks to answer this question: What are the purposes of biographers who put the news of Cohens in the center of sȋrah and how have dealt with them? A study on the main sources shows that the inclusion of the Cohens reports in the stories was a kind of making authenticity for those stories. This means that a forged story with supernatural forces was represented genuine. This is something that was easily accepted in a society that was far from rationality. Manuscript profile

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3 - The Entry of Historical Narratives to Islamic Genealogy by the End of Third Century A.H: the Process and Motives
muhammad taqavi ali bayat

Nasab was important for Arabs as the identity of their tribes in pre-Islamic era. As Islam emphasised on the equality of all people so nasab significance was temporarily diminished. After the death of the Prophet, because of many factors, such as the centralism and deve More

Nasab was important for Arabs as the identity of their tribes in pre-Islamic era. As Islam emphasised on the equality of all people so nasab significance was temporarily diminished. After the death of the Prophet, because of many factors, such as the centralism and development of sovereignity, it was again a new attention to nsab and so that nasab-writing became one of the important genres of Islamic historiography. While the main subject of those works was the Arab tribes, the historical narratives also interpenetrated because of the arrival of non-Arab in the Islamic world and also the socio-political changes. According to nasab-works that remains from third century and the amount of historical narratives that intrantedto them, the relation between historical narratives and nasab-writing could be explained in three stages: first, before the third century AH that nasab-writings were distinguished from historical works. Second, from the late second century and the early third century A.H that they were combined in the works of historians such as Mada'ini and Zubayr Ibn Al-Bakkār in a limited extent. Finally, from the last middle of third Century A.H that historical narratives widely entered in the nasab-writing. So, inspite of its title, Ansāb al-Ashrāf could be regarded as a historical not nasab work. Manuscript profile

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4 - The Religious-Ethnic Approach in the Futūḥ-Writings of the Islamic Period; A Study on Futūḥ Al-Miṣr va Akhbāruha by Ibn ‘Abd al-Hakam
Mohammad Taqavi

10.30495/jhcin.2022.20617

Futūḥ Misr va Akhbāruha by Ibn Abd Al-Hakam is one of the works on Futūh in Early Islamic Historiography that was written about Western Islamic Lands, especially Egypt. The pioneering nature of this book, which historians have used since then, makes it necessary to obta More

Futūḥ Misr va Akhbāruha by Ibn Abd Al-Hakam is one of the works on Futūh in Early Islamic Historiography that was written about Western Islamic Lands, especially Egypt. The pioneering nature of this book, which historians have used since then, makes it necessary to obtain the historical approach of Ibn Abd Al-Hakam and what affecting his historiography. This issue has been considered in this research with a partial view of the narratives of the mentioned book. On this basis, firstly, the importance of historical information of this book in the course of Islamic Futūḥ-writings has been examined and then based on ethnic and religious-jurisprudential attitudes that can be recognized in the historical thought of Ibn-Abd al-Hakim, his way of narrating the process of Muslim conquests in Egypt is studied. In many cases, those attitudes have been used in parallel with each other in the book's narrations Manuscript profile

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5 - The Functions of Genealogy in the Studies of Islamic History
mehdi Bigdeli Seyed Abolfazl razavi Reza Shabani

10.30495/jhcin.2018.12891

Due to political, social, and cultural causes, consideration of lineage was important among many nations. The Arab need for recognition of its descendants and the intellectual and cultural foundations of the common traditions in Islamic lands provided the prosperity of More

Due to political, social, and cultural causes, consideration of lineage was important among many nations. The Arab need for recognition of its descendants and the intellectual and cultural foundations of the common traditions in Islamic lands provided the prosperity of writing the lineage, especially from the 3rd century AH, among Muslims, and created the independent knowledge known as ’ilm al-Ansab (genealogy) that held its specific status and function in Islamic civilization. Genealogy and its relationship with history can be a useful research in the field of interdisciplinary studies. The present paper, with a descriptive-analytic approach, addresses this fundamental question about the place and function of genealogy in historical studies. Accordingly, by explaining the historical place of genealogy, the functions of this knowledge in Islamic history will be analyzed Manuscript profile

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6 - Local Histories of the Jazīra: Structural Typology and Content Evaluation
hossein nazari pasikhani Masoumali Panjeh Younes Farahmand

10.30495/jhcin.2021.17742

Ta’rīkh Almawṣil by Abu Zakariya Azdī (d. 334).); Ta’rīkh Raqqa by Qushairī Harrani (d. 334).); Ta’ rīkh Mayyāfāriqīn by Ibn Azarq Farqi (d. 577); And Ta’ rīkh Irbil by Ibn Mustawfī Irbilī (d. 637)) are  four surviving local histories of the More

Ta’rīkh Almawṣil by Abu Zakariya Azdī (d. 334).); Ta’rīkh Raqqa by Qushairī Harrani (d. 334).); Ta’ rīkh Mayyāfāriqīn by Ibn Azarq Farqi (d. 577); And Ta’ rīkh Irbil by Ibn Mustawfī Irbilī (d. 637)) are  four surviving local histories of the Jazīra in the Middle Islamic period. Apart from being “local”, what other types of Islamic historiography they are?  A structural and content review of those books revealed: 1. Ta’rīkh Almawṣil is a “local-general chronography” which, in addition to the history of Mosul and the Jazīra, has long report about the history of  late Umayyad and the first Abbasid era; 2. Ta’rīkh Raqqa is a (tabaqat)-“prosopography” which mentions the condition of the “Ulama” of Raqqa and Jazīra, but has very few narrations about the geography and history of this city; 3. Ta’ rīkh Mayyāfāriqīn has narrated the local history of Mayyāfariqīn and the Jazīra under the history of the Caliphate and the history of the Hamdānī, Marwānī and Artuqī dynasties; 4. Ta’ rīkh Irbil is a “non-alphabetic prosopography” in which the lives and works of a number of Ulama and writers of the sixth and seventh centuries AH are discussed Manuscript profile

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7 - SafavÊd Historiography: Naq§wat-al-Āth§r by Afåshta’Ê NatanzÊ Mohammad Shoormeij
Mohammad Shoormeij

10.30495/jhcin.2021.18217

Naq§wat al-Āth§r fi Dhikr al-Akhyar of Afåshta’Ê al-NatanzÊ (lived in 1007 AH) is one of the most important chronicles of the SafavÊd era. This article examined to clarify the method and approach of NatanzÊ in his book. And More

Naq§wat al-Āth§r fi Dhikr al-Akhyar of Afåshta’Ê al-NatanzÊ (lived in 1007 AH) is one of the most important chronicles of the SafavÊd era. This article examined to clarify the method and approach of NatanzÊ in his book. And also in order to evaluate the position of Naq§wat-al-Āth§r in the historiographical tradition of that time, this book has been compared and measured with five historical books of that period. In his book NatanzÊ has used methods such as text coherence, narrative continuity, and using of referential methods to better describe the text, which has added value to its history. The book is influenced by the views of the Ir§nshahrÊ and the interpretive attitude. In compare with the historians of Shah Abb§s I period, NatanzÊ has a more interpretive attitude in interpreting events due to his mastery of verses, hadiths and poetic themes. Despite this attitude, the author has sought to reflect the historical facts and has been somewhat successful in expressing it Manuscript profile

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8 - The Role of Theological Controversy in Representing the Image of Ḥaḍrat Khadīdjah (pbuh)
Mojtaba Soltani Ahmadi Sarah Khatami Mostafa Gohari Fakhrabad

10.30495/jhcin.2022.20551

Although in the existing reports about Khadīdjah (pbuh), there are less conflicting narrations than other prominent personalities of the early days of Islam, but the influence of intellectual, religious and cultural, social, and political developments during the lifetim More

Although in the existing reports about Khadīdjah (pbuh), there are less conflicting narrations than other prominent personalities of the early days of Islam, but the influence of intellectual, religious and cultural, social, and political developments during the lifetime of the authors have had an effect on the representation of this character. So, a number of writers from fariqiyn have sometimes put forward different and critical views about her. This article aims to investigate those views, especially the opinions of the late Lebanese writer, Jafar Morteza Aamili, regarding Khadīdjah (pbuh). Meanwhile, the influence of Aisha's presence not only as the Prophet's wife, but also as the daughter of the first caliph after him and her high position among some factions has been noticed, the findings of this research indicate that the theological components of Shia writers and their competition with Sunnis have sometimes caused them to present wrong opinions about the age of Khadija, her previous husbands and her children. In their opinion, understating the age of Khadīdjah (pbuh) and her virginity when she married the Messenger of God (pbuh) put her in a higher position than Ayesha - who emphasized these two issues in the position of pride with the other wives of the Prophet. Manuscript profile

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9 - History of Kibchak Khani, an Unidentified General History of Twelfth Century A. H
اسماعیل چنگیزی اردهایی

The second period of Indian Tiymuri dynasty(1118 -1274 AH.), is flourished by numerous historical works. The book History Of  Kibchak Khani has been written by kibchak Khan, a Tiymuri commander  and including new information about the events of his time. It is More

The second period of Indian Tiymuri dynasty(1118 -1274 AH.), is flourished by numerous historical works. The book History Of  Kibchak Khani has been written by kibchak Khan, a Tiymuri commander  and including new information about the events of his time. It is a general history in Persian and its style of writing is simple, smooth and unpretentious. The author has attempted to write all of the human history in a brief single volume. In the history of Islam, author has oriented his look toward the East, and especially has focused on the events of three neighbouring areas: Iran, Central Asia and India. The book includes useful information about the Kazaks, Kirgiz and Uzbeks. In spite of the paucity of sources about the Shiybani government, he demonstrated the detailed reports about its two branches (Abu- al Khiyriyan and Arab-shahiyan / Djaniyan), who had ruled in Transoxiana and consequently, it makes his work significant.   Manuscript profile

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10 - -Hyecho’s Diary and Its Implications for the Historical Studies of Iran and Islam
Iman Taji

10.30495/jhcin.2021.19036

This article reviews the most important implications of the Hyecho’s diary for the historical studies of Iran and Islam. Hyecho was a Korean monk who travelled to India, central Asia, and Iran in the 8th century. Although what is remained from his book is just som More

This article reviews the most important implications of the Hyecho’s diary for the historical studies of Iran and Islam. Hyecho was a Korean monk who travelled to India, central Asia, and Iran in the 8th century. Although what is remained from his book is just some fragmented parts, it contains important information regarding with historical studies of Iran and Islam. In fact, he was a contemporary observer of the Arab’s conquests in Iranian plateau which make his observations valuable for the historians. In this paper, parts of this book which are related to the Iran and Islam will be reviewed.    Manuscript profile

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11 - A Leftist Approach to the Socio-Political Developments of Contemporary Iran: The Views of Avatis Mikaelian (Sultanzadeh)
reza sedighi pashaki Hossein Abadian Bagher Ali Adelfar Zekrollah Mohammadi

10.30495/jhcin.2020.16301

The present article discusses the views of Avatis Mikaelian, known as Sultanzadeh, in relation to the developments of contemporary Iranian history. Sultanzadeh is one of the most famous figures of the communist left thinkers in Iran. His ideas played a major role in the More

The present article discusses the views of Avatis Mikaelian, known as Sultanzadeh, in relation to the developments of contemporary Iranian history. Sultanzadeh is one of the most famous figures of the communist left thinkers in Iran. His ideas played a major role in the strategy and orientation of the Communist Party of Iran from the beginning of its formation until long after the Second Congress. According to Sultanzadeh, the most important problem in Iran is the economic development. He considered the unity of triple factors as the obstacle to the natural process of growth: imperialism, court and feudalism. The method of this article is descriptive-analytical and the main question is what was the difference between Sultanzadeh's view and that of other communist left activists and Soviet academics on the historical process of contemporary Iran. Sultanzadeh tried to analyze and explain the history of Iran based on the internal and global realities of the country based on Marx's doctrines. Accordingly, his views on Iran's economic development, colonization, the jungle movement, and the rise to power of Reza Shah were obvious deviations from the Soviet Communist Party theorists who considered the process of societies to be linear. Manuscript profile

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12 - The place of historian doctors in Islamic historiography
hassan abdipour Asghar Montazerolghaem Torab Attari

"Islamic historiography" or "historiography of Muslims" has a special place among its other components as one of the important dimensions of Islamic culture and civilization. It is said that in completing and compiling Islamic historiography, individuals, classes and va More

"Islamic historiography" or "historiography of Muslims" has a special place among its other components as one of the important dimensions of Islamic culture and civilization. It is said that in completing and compiling Islamic historiography, individuals, classes and various groups, including doctors, scholars, historians, etc., have contributed. Also, it seems that despite extensive studies conducted on Islamic doctors, less study has been conducted on people who have been practicing both doctoring and writing at the same time. Therefore, these are the questions that arise in this regard; What role has these people (doctors of historians or doctor historians) played in the development and completion of Islamic historiography? What place have these doctors had in Islamic historiography? Has historians had access to resources and documents more than other historians? What methods have the adopted in their historiography? And so on. The first hypothesis that can be articulated is that there have been famous historians among doctors of the Islamic era who have played a significant role in Islamic historiography, given their places and positions; also, there have been historians who, besides compiling historical books, have participated in medicine and owned important medical books. In the current article, it has been tried to answer the above questions and other similar questions appropriately, while dealing with the status of historian doctors in Islamic historiography, based on historical sources and documents. Manuscript profile

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13 - Reflection on the Royal historiography of Safavid era; Case Study: Takmelat Al Akhbar book
saeid najafinezhad Hamid Reza Motahari

Royal historiography , the formation of a government in Iran has grown in same periods , it flourished under the various factors in such as the Safavid era and has important works . One of the historians Abdi Beyg Shirazi is a major work in the field of royal historiogr More

Royal historiography , the formation of a government in Iran has grown in same periods , it flourished under the various factors in such as the Safavid era and has important works . One of the historians Abdi Beyg Shirazi is a major work in the field of royal historiography Takmelat Al Akhbar is considered . The author of this work under the influence of certain political conditions of the time his book completed The religious beliefs of some indicators of historiography and the intensification of the court in the course of this work involved . This study plans with the descriptive and Analytical study to answer the question of which features the Royal historiography and how the book adapted to this purpose , while pointing out features such as sophisticated programming , exaggerations , sanctifying power of analysis , these Takmelat Al Akhbar is explained in the book . Manuscript profile

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14 - Formation of collective memory cents in the first Pahlavi period (Iranshahr and Ayandeh publications)
HOSAIN MANSOORI MOTLAGH mehdi najafzade

Emphasizing the understanding of national historiography and using the theoretical model of Halbovax, this study has studied why and how to strengthen and highlight the collective memory of Iranians of the first Pahlavi era by the publications of that time - emphasizing More

Emphasizing the understanding of national historiography and using the theoretical model of Halbovax, this study has studied why and how to strengthen and highlight the collective memory of Iranians of the first Pahlavi era by the publications of that time - emphasizing Ayandeh and Iranshahr. Unlike traditional historiography, where there is no need to strengthen and highlight collective memory, national identity-based historiography prioritizes the strengthening and highlighting of collective memory, and populism is one of its main characteristics. Prominence means reminiscing, manipulating the past, taking a similar look at discrete history, interpreting it for the identity system, linking it to current developments, and using it for nationalism. The research findings show that these publications, with a kind of popular national historiography, like to highlight the centers of the past, strengthen common traditions of being Iranian for all, and critique traditional historiography in order to create a new identity. They were for the age of the nation-state. The research method is historical and descriptive-analytical, based on archival documents. Manuscript profile

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15 - Analytical Historiography of the Changing Perspective on the Personality and Rights of Post-December Women (The case of women in the Umayyad era)
ali shafiei maosor Amirzadeh jirkoli mohamad kazemigolvardi

Many scholars claim that an analytical look at the history of Islam clearly shows that the post-prophet Islamic society underwent epistemological and behavioral transformations in many important areas that were of particular interest to the Prophet, and in a gradual mov More

Many scholars claim that an analytical look at the history of Islam clearly shows that the post-prophet Islamic society underwent epistemological and behavioral transformations in many important areas that were of particular interest to the Prophet, and in a gradual movement distanced itself from the concerns of the Prophet.But it seems that if such a long and fragile claim cannot be accepted; But according to the abundant historical evidence, there can be no doubt that the Prophet's view of women's personality and rights was different or inconsistent with what was later formed in the religious community.In this article, while briefly explaining the personality and position of women in the prophetic age and the capacities created by the Islamic epistemology system to realize their potential, an attempt is made to answer the question of when and how the change in the personality and rights of post-apocalyptic women it fell?The brief answer to these questions, which is followed by historical reports based on analytical historiography, is that the first fundamental steps for this deviation in the Umayyad caliphate seem to have been taken, for example: Return of sexual discourse to the relationship. Men and women, returning to an object-oriented view of women, promoting moral corruption in order to prevent the moral and human capacities of women, and so on can be mentioned. Manuscript profile

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16 - An Analysis of Madaʾini Approaches in Writing History
hosein moradi nasab

Madaʾini has vast knowledge and intelligence that is evident in writing various historical topics. His method of recording historical events was novel And it has preserved a valuable treasure for future generations. He was able to add new types to Islamic historiography More

Madaʾini has vast knowledge and intelligence that is evident in writing various historical topics. His method of recording historical events was novel And it has preserved a valuable treasure for future generations. He was able to add new types to Islamic historiography by writing on various topics. This research was obtained through analytical method and study of original sources, from the lab of texts to his writings. His approach is based on religious beliefs and social beliefs, that shows his sense of responsibility towards the society of that time. This article answers that question what approach did Madani take in writing history; And what new forms it has created in Islamic historiography?The result is that he has paid attention to new issues in the biography of the Prophet and Shiite Imams with a new approach. On anthropology and social issues, He has written about prominent figures in society, recognize enemy, and women. Manuscript profile

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17 - The Historian’s Activism in the Narration of Historical EventsThe Critical Insight of Nazim Al-Islam Kermani and Mehdi Malekzadeh in the Historiography of the Constitutional Event
golamreza vafaee mehr محبوبه sh aliakbar khedrizadeh

The dated critical insight is one of the main elements of historiography and historian which is very clear in modern Iranian historiographyAlthough there has been more or less in the historiography of ancient historians, but. The present article seeks to assess the his More

The dated critical insight is one of the main elements of historiography and historian which is very clear in modern Iranian historiographyAlthough there has been more or less in the historiography of ancient historians, but. The present article seeks to assess the historiography of Nazem-Al-Islam Kermani and Mehdi Malekzadeh in the constitutional event with the aforementioned insight that is using the historical method. to understand the aim of study, we should answer the following question : What effect did the critical insight of the aforementioned historians have on their historical method in reflecting the constitutional event and the later developments ? The results of this research show that the above-mentioned historians are trying to move themselves far from one-sided historiography in two extends, first: criticism of the Qajar governors and rulers due to their inefficiency in the administration of the country and second: the mass of the people as the driving engine of the changes in the society. Analyze and explain the factors of the emergence of the constitution and the developments after it. Manuscript profile

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18 - Persian historiography in India: The Case of Majma' al-Tavarikh
abbas hashemzade

Majma' al-Tavarikh, written in India in 1207 H/1792-93 AD, contains the history of the fall of safavids and a few decades after that event. Its last information entries are about the history of Iran in the early 13th century H/late 18th century AD, but it is mainly abou More

Majma' al-Tavarikh, written in India in 1207 H/1792-93 AD, contains the history of the fall of safavids and a few decades after that event. Its last information entries are about the history of Iran in the early 13th century H/late 18th century AD, but it is mainly about the history of Mar'ashi sayyids family and Iran in the years coincided with the fall of the safavids up to the beginning of the eighth decade of 12th century. Mirza Muhammad Khalil, the writer of Majma' al-Tavarikh, is a member of Mar'ashi family, who emigrated from Iran to India. Therefore it should be viewed as a book written by an emigrant. In the present article Majma' al-Tavarikh has been approached from this viewpoint. This outlook provides us with two contexts, Indian and Iranian, of the book for explaining the various characteristics of it. In the previous researches, there has not been paid sufficient attention to the two-sided context of the book. As a result, some characteristics of the book such as its dual prose style and the writer of one of its important sources have not been identified. This article also tries to present a relatively complete image of the historiography of Majma' al-Tavarikh. Manuscript profile

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19 - The causes and contexts of the development and prosperity of historiography during the period of the Mamluk Sultans (648-923 AH)
amirhosein sharifi sattar Oudi RAMAZAN rezayi

Review: Historiography grew and flourished in the Mamluk era in such a way that this period should be considered the peak of Islamic historiography. The writing of hundreds of books with many and voluminous volumes in all kinds of historiography and especially in the f More

Review: Historiography grew and flourished in the Mamluk era in such a way that this period should be considered the peak of Islamic historiography. The writing of hundreds of books with many and voluminous volumes in all kinds of historiography and especially in the fields of general, local, and dynastic histories shows this issue. No period of Islamic history has seen so many historical works. The basic question of this research is: Why was historiography so much attention during the period of Mamluk Sultans (648-923 AHThe findings of this research indicate that the long crusades and also the Mongols with the Mamluks have been very effective in this field. Muslim historians intend to write their books to remember the great and brilliant victories of the Mamluk sultans against the eastern and western enemies of Islam for future generations. The encouragement and persuasion of the Mamluk sultans and emirs and some other factors that are the subject of this article have also been very effective in this field. The study method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on reliable sources as well as looking at study and research writings and referring to the library and digital resources. Manuscript profile

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20 - Insight and Method Historiography of Hamzeh Esfahani In the Sanni al-Muluk and al-arz al-Anbia
Zekrollah Mohammadi Pourya Esmaeili

This article examines the historiography style of Hamzeh Esfahani, the historian of thefourth century AH. His book is Sanni al-Muluk and al-arz al-Anbia, which was writtento Arabic in 350 AH. There are ten episodes that have been dedicated in several chapterto the histo More

This article examines the historiography style of Hamzeh Esfahani, the historian of thefourth century AH. His book is Sanni al-Muluk and al-arz al-Anbia, which was writtento Arabic in 350 AH. There are ten episodes that have been dedicated in several chapterto the history of the kings of Iran, Rome, Greece, the Copts, the Israelites, the Qassani,and Quraysh. The author was heavily patriotic and influenced by Shubia movement,which is very clear in the content of the book. This question arises, what was the basis ofthe insight and method of historiography of Hamzeh Esfahani? The hypothesis is asfollows, his vision is universal and is based on divine appreciation, because it deals withthe history of the various tribes according to divine providence and his methodology isbased on the historiography of the dynasties, which is based on the tradition of Iranianhistoriography. This article with use the method of historical research is based on thedescription and analize, examines the dimensions and angles of the subject gives. Themain findings of the research show, which Hamzeh Esfahani, influenced by SassanidPahlavi texts such as, Xvatai-Namag, as well as with awareness of governments, tribesand various religions, named as the book History of the Prophets and the Kings, So thisway Link and matched between the two and with a clever to draw the attention of thepeople to his book, which is interesting in this regard. Manuscript profile

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21 - Differences and changes in the official Qajar history of history from Fath Ali Shah to Nasir al-Din Shah
Shahla Mansouri Ghavamabadi Soheila Torabi Farasani Faizollah Boussof Corner

Official historiography texts in the Qajar period have changed due to political and socialchanges and connections with the West, and a familiarity with the historical works of theWest, and created new insights in historiography. During this period, two types ofhistoric More

Official historiography texts in the Qajar period have changed due to political and socialchanges and connections with the West, and a familiarity with the historical works of theWest, and created new insights in historiography. During this period, two types ofhistoric studies with different approaches to the official historians Was used. Thebeginning of the Qajar period until the end of Muhammad Shah's period and the earlyperiod of the Nazarene period was more or less traditional in traditional historiography,and in the middle of the Nazari period, some changes were made in the history of history.Considering the necessity of the historiography of this period and the importance of thebooks written by the historians, this paper examines this Two types of officialhistoriography look at and answer the question: What differences can be observed in thehistoriography of this period?The method of this historical research is descriptive-analytic, based on library studiesand archival documents. Manuscript profile

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22 - Idrīs Bitlīsī, Clerkly Historiography and Islamic Paradigm in the Ottoman Historiography
جعفر نوری shirin saiddi hadi arefnia

The presence of Iranian scholars and scientists and the support of the sultans and princes of it, the Persian language, literature and historiography got a special place in the Ottoman Empire. Under the patronage of the Ottoman court, several historical works were writt More

The presence of Iranian scholars and scientists and the support of the sultans and princes of it, the Persian language, literature and historiography got a special place in the Ottoman Empire. Under the patronage of the Ottoman court, several historical works were written. Idris Bitlisi has a special place among the Persian historians of the Ottoman court, and he can be considered as the most prominent representative of Persian writing and Iranian historiography in the Ottoman court. After presenting a description of the life of Idris Bitlisi, focusing on the text of Hasht Bihisht and Salim Shahnameh as his two historiographical works, the present study aims to identify the main components of his history writing and historiography and explain these components in the final step. The findings of this research show that the detailed report of events, using artificial and literary prose, the mixing of text with poems, verses, and hadiths, the lack of sufficient references to the sources of the narrations, and the Regular division of contents are the most important features of his history writing and the Presenting an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, the effort to legitimize the Ottomans, using the historical narrative to serve the political purposes of the Ottoman state, placing the court in the center of the narrative, not confining to quoting political history, paying attention to governmental, scientific and social institutions, influential men and scholars, and pay attention to the conditions of neighboring nations are among his historiographical features. Based on the findings of this research, it is possible to prove that Bitlisi's use of complicated and artificial prose aimed to establish his position in the Ottoman court and present an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, and legitimize it to deal with rivals such as the Safavids and Mamluks Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Idrīs Bitlīsī, Clerkly Historiography and Islamic Paradigm in the Ottoman Historiography
Mohammad Hossein Sadeghi

The presence of Iranian scholars and scientists and the support of the sultans and princes of it, the Persian language, literature and historiography got a special place in the Ottoman Empire. Under the patronage of the Ottoman court, several historical works were writt More

The presence of Iranian scholars and scientists and the support of the sultans and princes of it, the Persian language, literature and historiography got a special place in the Ottoman Empire. Under the patronage of the Ottoman court, several historical works were written. Idris Bitlisi has a special place among the Persian historians of the Ottoman court, and he can be considered as the most prominent representative of Persian writing and Iranian historiography in the Ottoman court. After presenting a description of the life of Idris Bitlisi, focusing on the text of Hasht Bihisht and Salim Shahnameh as his two historiographical works, the present study aims to identify the main components of his history writing and historiography and explain these components in the final step. The findings of this research show that the detailed report of events, using artificial and literary prose, the mixing of text with poems, verses, and hadiths, the lack of sufficient references to the sources of the narrations, and the Regular division of contents are the most important features of his history writing and the Presenting an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, the effort to legitimize the Ottomans, using the historical narrative to serve the political purposes of the Ottoman state, placing the court in the center of the narrative, not confining to quoting political history, paying attention to governmental, scientific and social institutions, influential men and scholars, and pay attention to the conditions of neighboring nations are among his historiographical features. Based on the findings of this research, it is possible to prove that Bitlisi's use of complicated and artificial prose aimed to establish his position in the Ottoman court and present an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, and legitimize it to deal with rivals such as the Safavids and Mamluks Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Idrīs Bitlīsī, Clerkly Historiography and Islamic Paradigm in the Ottoman Historiography
Mohammad Hossein Sadeghi

The presence of Iranian scholars and scientists and the support of the sultans and princes of it, the Persian language, literature and historiography got a special place in the Ottoman Empire. Under the patronage of the Ottoman court, several historical works were writt More

The presence of Iranian scholars and scientists and the support of the sultans and princes of it, the Persian language, literature and historiography got a special place in the Ottoman Empire. Under the patronage of the Ottoman court, several historical works were written. Idris Bitlisi has a special place among the Persian historians of the Ottoman court, and he can be considered as the most prominent representative of Persian writing and Iranian historiography in the Ottoman court. After presenting a description of the life of Idris Bitlisi, focusing on the text of Hasht Bihisht and Salim Shahnameh as his two historiographical works, the present study aims to identify the main components of his history writing and historiography and explain these components in the final step. The findings of this research show that the detailed report of events, using artificial and literary prose, the mixing of text with poems, verses, and hadiths, the lack of sufficient references to the sources of the narrations, and the Regular division of contents are the most important features of his history writing and the Presenting an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, the effort to legitimize the Ottomans, using the historical narrative to serve the political purposes of the Ottoman state, placing the court in the center of the narrative, not confining to quoting political history, paying attention to governmental, scientific and social institutions, influential men and scholars, and pay attention to the conditions of neighboring nations are among his historiographical features. Based on the findings of this research, it is possible to prove that Bitlisi's use of complicated and artificial prose aimed to establish his position in the Ottoman court and present an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, and legitimize it to deal with rivals such as the Safavids and Mamluks Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Beginning of Im§m AlÊ (PBUH) Caliphate: Retrieving and Authentication of Al-Ya’qåbÊ’s Narrations
Somayeh Amin Roaya Jazeh

Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrator as well as integrating sever More

Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrator as well as integrating several records of a same event. There are some factors in Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi that make it necessary to retrieve its resources as well as authentication of its narrations: the removal of the chain of narrator, the inconsistency of some reports with the accounts of other well-known contemporary resources (Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra by Ibn-Sa’d, Tarikh Khalifa Khayyat Ibn Qutaybah’s, Al-Imamah Wa al Siyasah, etc) as well as subsequent authentic (Al- Fotuh Ibn- A’tham, Al-Isti’ab by Ibn Abd Al-Barr, Sharh Nahj Al- Balaghah by Ibn Abi Al-Hadid, etc) and specifically including unheard and Shiite narrations. The main questions of this research include: What are the sources of Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi? Are they sufficiently credible? And most importantly, what was Al-Ya’qubi’s criteria in authenticating the narrations? According to the research findings, although Al-Ya’qubi’s accounts on The year, month and day of Uthman, The first to pledge allegiance (Talha), etc are valid and in line with other sources, his history -influenced by his Shiite attitudes or other unknown factors- sometimes includes different and rare accounts as allegiance of all people by Ali except three people Quraysh, The role of five representatives of Ansar in allegiance by Ali, etc, the resource of which is not known. Manuscript profile

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