List of Articles E34 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 1 - Experimental Investigation of the Magnetic Field Effect Using Fe3O4 Ferrofluid and the Study of the Ultrasonic Phenomenon in Solar Water Desalination Efficiency hamidreza goshayeshi kimya samadi Vahid Nejati Reza Saleh Issa Chaer Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 2 - Effects of the Replacement Vanadium to Niobium at E347-16 Electrode on Micro-structure and Corrosion Behaviors of Weld Metal Gholam Reza Saberi Sani Hamed Sabet Seyed Reza Amir Abadizadeh Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 3 - The relationship of global oil prices with exchange rate, trade balance, and foreign reserves in Iraq: a frequency domain causality approach Ahmad Ghazi Havas Ahamareh Maryam Emamimibody https://doi.org/10.71849/ECO.2025.1204699