About the journal
Technovations of Electrical Engineering in Green Energy System is a peer-reviewing, single-blind, Open access and electronic quarterly journal founded in 2022 by Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch (As the Publisher) for Persian audiences. This academic journal achieved the license of the Islamic Azad University and is open access for all readers. All submitted manuscripts must be original and shall not be under review or consideration in other sources and Manuscripts will be checked by Plagiarism engines before sending to the peer-reviewing process. Articles which are going to be published in quarterly after acceptance must benefit from English Abstract and Bibliography for online publishing. This journal was previously known as “Technovations in Electrical Engineering & Green Energy System”.
This journal follows the standards and guidelines provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), especially regarding misconduct, fraud, plagiarism, and how to act in front of such a case: https://publicationethics.org/.
To prevent plagiarism, this Journal uses the hamtajoo system for identifying Persian articles
Recent Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - High Impedance Fault Detection in Distribution Systems Using a Method Based on Similarity Measurement
Ammar Abduladheem Ahmed Dibes Mohammad Mahdi RezaeiIssue 1 , Vol. 4 , Spring 2024The electric arc is one of the most intense electrical events. This phenomenon occurs due to the electric discharge between two conductors or between a conductor and the ground, through the air. When the short-circuit current intensity is high, it can be easily detected MoreThe electric arc is one of the most intense electrical events. This phenomenon occurs due to the electric discharge between two conductors or between a conductor and the ground, through the air. When the short-circuit current intensity is high, it can be easily detected by traditional protection equipment. However, when the short-circuit current is low, traditional protection methods cannot detect these faults. Faults that do not generate enough fault current to be detected by conventional protective equipment are called high-impedance faults (HIFs). HIFs can cause serious safety hazards in power distribution systems and damage to equipment due to the risk of arc ignition. This paper presents a new detection scheme for HIFs in electrical distribution systems based on similarity measurement. In this method, based on the waveform of two consecutive half-cycles of the current, an index is extracted that can be used to detect HIFs. The proposed HIF detection algorithm can distinguish these events from other non-fault events with waveforms that may be similar to HIF waveforms. In this paper, four case studies are simulated to verify the proposed HIF detection algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the acceptable performance of the proposed method in detecting HIFs and distinguishing them from other events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Stochastic Expansion Planning of Energy Storage in Transmission Networks, Considering into Account the Limitations the Charge and Discharge Cycles and Depth of Discharge
Reza Ebrahimi Abyaneh Javad Olamaei Seyed Mostafa AbediIssue 1 , Vol. 4 , Spring 2024As the penetration of renewable energy resources increases, as well as advances in battery technologies, optimal expansion planning of the high-capacity batteries in power systems has become important. In this manuscript, a new model for the stochastic development of th MoreAs the penetration of renewable energy resources increases, as well as advances in battery technologies, optimal expansion planning of the high-capacity batteries in power systems has become important. In this manuscript, a new model for the stochastic development of the batteries in transmission networks is presented. In the proposed method, the production of the wind unit is probabilistically modeled based on scenarios. In this method, in addition to the conventional relationships in the formulation of the problem of optimal energy storage systems expansion planning, the limitation of charging and discharging capability of storage devices has also been addressed. In the proposed model, a new relationship is proposed to determine the capability of charging and discharging cycles of storage devices. Also, the relationship between the maximum capability of charge and discharge cycles and the depth of discharge is presented and added to the previous formulations. The nonlinear relations in the proposed model are linearized and become a linear problem. The optimization problem generated by GAMs software has been solved. In order to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method, this method has been implemented on the 14-bus IEEE test network, which the simulation results show its capability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Broken Conductor Fault Detection in Transmission Lines Connected to Renewable Energy-Based Microgrids
Hamid Reza Safa Ali Asghar GhadimiIssue 1 , Vol. 4 , Spring 2024The connection of renewable energy-based microgrids in transmission lines has significantly increased recently. The presence of REMs, along with the advantages they provide, also leads to problems from different aspects of operation, control, and protection in transmiss MoreThe connection of renewable energy-based microgrids in transmission lines has significantly increased recently. The presence of REMs, along with the advantages they provide, also leads to problems from different aspects of operation, control, and protection in transmission lines. The direct connection of REMs in the form of T-off in the transmission lines and without the construction of a substation, causes a severe disturbance in the performance of the protection algorithms of the line protection relays. This paper presents a fault detection method in transmission lines connected to REMs for early detection of Broken Conductor Fault (BCF) based on the information of one side of the line (the sending terminal) and using the teaching-learning artificial neural networks (ANNs). The neural network considered in this study is a combination of convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM). The hybrid model includes a Conv1D layer with 64 filters and a kernel size of 3, a MaxPooling1D layer, two LSTM layers with 32 units, a Dropout layer and a Dense layer with one unit and sigmoid activation. The necessary data for training the desired ANN have been extracted from the simulation of the main network and the implementation of various fault scenarios in MATLAB/Simulink software, and finally the considered ANN model has been programmed and modeled in the Python software environment. According to the simulation results, the accuracy of the extracted model in detecting the BCF in this proposed topology is estimated to be about 99.73%. The successful results presented in the test and evaluation results section confirm the optimal performance of the proposed algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Unit Commitment Planning Under Uncertainty and Fuel Cost Volatility with Economical and Emission Reduction Objective
Mahyar Abasi Javad Ebrahimi Sajad Bagheri Moaiad Mohseni Alireza Niknam Kumlah Mahmood JoorabianIssue 1 , Vol. 4 , Spring 2024The mismatch between production and consumption and concern for providing the energy needed in the power grid has always been one of the problems of grid operators. Also, large-scale electricity production has always been a costly and polluting industry. Therefore, engi MoreThe mismatch between production and consumption and concern for providing the energy needed in the power grid has always been one of the problems of grid operators. Also, large-scale electricity production has always been a costly and polluting industry. Therefore, engineers and power generation companies have always been looking for a cheap and clean way to generate power so that they can overcome the power imbalance and ensure stability and the allowed level of pollutants in the network. The most common sources used in the power grid to generate power are gas and thermal units, these units enter the circuit faster and, of course, have a higher production cost. When to use thermal units and when to use gas units in the network is a complex issue, which depends on various factors such as peak time, fuel price and gas supply network conditions. None of these things are certain in their true state. Therefore, in this article, the uncertainty of gas sources and the variability of gas prices in the problem of the participation of power plant units in the power system have been modeled and analyzed by GAMS software. Also, the mixed integer non-linear programming solution method has been used to solve the problem. The results show that if there is uncertainty in the gas sources, there is a greater tendency to use other power plants in the network in order to maintain the security and stability of the network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Energy Management in Microgrids Using Compensators, Energy Storage Systems, Demand Response, and Integration of Renewable Energies
Hamid Hematian Mohammad Tolou Akari Meysam AmirAhmadi Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam Majid BabaeinikIssue 1 , Vol. 4 , Spring 2024This article examines the challenges of energy management in microgrids, considering the uncertainties associated with renewable energy sources, dynamic demand, and the presence of various devices such as batteries, distributed generation sources, and electric vehicles. MoreThis article examines the challenges of energy management in microgrids, considering the uncertainties associated with renewable energy sources, dynamic demand, and the presence of various devices such as batteries, distributed generation sources, and electric vehicles. The article introduces a complex optimization model designed for microgrid operations. This model focuses on mitigating the challenges of integrating power electronic generation units, managing demand within microgrids, and incorporating small-scale renewable energy sources. The goal of this model is to minimize various costs associated with energy losses, electricity purchases, load reduction, distributed generation operations, and battery costs over a 24-hour period. Simulations conducted on a test system demonstrate that the proposed model is effective, achieving up to a 20% reduction in microgrid operational costs. This approach provides an effective framework for enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of microgrid energy management, and the findings indicate that it outperforms comparative methods by a margin of at least 8%, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving critical indices in the microgrid system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Design and Implementation of a Surveillance Security System Based on YOLO Algorithm and IoT Technology on Mobile Data Network
Mohamadreza Masaeli Sayed Mohammadali ZanjaniIssue 1 , Vol. 4 , Spring 2024The design and implementation of a surveillance security system based on the YOLO algorithm and Internet of Things (IoT) technology has significant advantages in terms of security, efficiency, scalability, rapid response, and reliability, compared to traditional methods MoreThe design and implementation of a surveillance security system based on the YOLO algorithm and Internet of Things (IoT) technology has significant advantages in terms of security, efficiency, scalability, rapid response, and reliability, compared to traditional methods. This paper discusses the aspects of creating a novel security system that activates an alert by detecting five categories: human, human head, gun, knife, and fall detection. The system is monitored online and can connect to the internet via a cellular data network at any location to upload images to the management panel and send a report to the user if threats are detected. The YOLOv8 algorithm is used for object training to take advantage of its user-friendly command line interface, object detection support, sample segmentation, and image classification capabilities. To increase processing speed while maintaining accuracy, the optimized model is deployed on the Raspberry Pi 4th generation board. It is clear that optimizing processing speed and using quantization techniques lead to reduced energy consumption (green energy system) and reduced operational costs of the system. To improve the speed of the model in the object detection process, the techniques of exporting, quantizing the training weights, and increasing the processor frequency (overclocking) are used. A comparison of the newly exported weights with the original training weights in terms of accuracy and speed shows that the two techniques of exporting and quantization lead to an increase in processing speed at the cost of a decrease in detection accuracy.Finally, in the training model with the proposed improvement methods, an average accuracy of mAP ≅ 0.67 with a frame rate of FPS ≅ 4.3 can be achieved. Manuscript profile
Most Viewed Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - A Two Input High Step Converter with Zero Current Switching Condition for Switches Turn-On Instances
Mahmood Vesali Hosein Ranjbar Amin Motamedi-NasabIssue 2 , Vol. 1 , Summer 2022A high step-up two-inputs DC-DC converter is presented in this paper. The soft switching condition is provided for switch in turn on instant, so the converter efficiency is high. Due to the fact that only the capacitor is used to increase the voltage gain and there are MoreA high step-up two-inputs DC-DC converter is presented in this paper. The soft switching condition is provided for switch in turn on instant, so the converter efficiency is high. Due to the fact that only the capacitor is used to increase the voltage gain and there are no coupled inductors in the converter, the input current of the converter is continuous. The technique used to increase gain can be used with more stages to achieve higher voltage gain. The converter can also be used as a single input intertwined instead of two inputs, which in this case the input current ripple is reduced. The voltage stress on the switches is lower than the output voltage, so lower voltage switches can be used, which reduces the converter cost. The proposed converter is completely analyzed and in order to prove the theoretical results, a simulation is performed on the converter at 500 watts. The results of the simulation at full load show an efficiency of about 95.5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Decentralized Agent-Based Protection Coordination for Distribution Networks with Renewable Distributed Generations using Intelligent Electronic Devices
Majid Rostamnia Mohammad Sadegh Rostamnia Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani Seyed Fariborz Zarei Seyed Hossein HosseinianIssue 3 , Vol. 2 , Autumn 2023By increasing the penetration level of renewable distributed generations and increasing the size of the distribution networks, the more number of agent-based protection systems with its communication infrastruture will be used. Such systems play a vital role in the prot MoreBy increasing the penetration level of renewable distributed generations and increasing the size of the distribution networks, the more number of agent-based protection systems with its communication infrastruture will be used. Such systems play a vital role in the protection system to detect the faults and maintain the protection coordination. Despite the fast and reliable nature of multi-agent systems, there is a possibility of poor performance especially in protection coordination schemes with heavy communication load. For this purpose, this paper presents an intelligent self-healing method under fault conditions, which provides the protection coordination in a single control level without dependence on a higher communication level. The decentralized performance of the proposed scheme is expressed by using intelligent electronic devices and distributed communication. Accordingly, the coordination is done using the high-speed point-to-point communication capability of the IEC-61850 GOOSE protocol. Also, to avoid power outages due to the protection system malfunction, an algorithm independent of DG peneration and based on GOOSE message service mechanism is proposed, which does not need a central processor. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated under different scenarios in a practical distribution network using ETAP software environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Novel Method to Improve Transient Performance and Reduce Microgrid Disturbances Using Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter and Auto Recloser
Arman Golzarfar Ahmad MirzaeiIssue 1 , Vol. 3 , Spring 2024The increasing use of distributed generation sources in microgrids causes problems when a fault occurs, including an increase in the level of short-circuit current in the microgrid and consequently it causes disturbances in the system after fixing the fault. In this pap MoreThe increasing use of distributed generation sources in microgrids causes problems when a fault occurs, including an increase in the level of short-circuit current in the microgrid and consequently it causes disturbances in the system after fixing the fault. In this paper, using a novel method, the installation location and the optimal resistance value of the resistive superconducting fault current limiter in the microgrid are determined by considering the energy losses in the resistive superconducting fault current limiter, the requirements of low voltage ride through of the doubly fed induction generator and the interrupting capacity of circuit breakers. Also, a mathematical model of resistive superconducting fault current limiter is presented, which by simulating and placing it in the microgrid and applying various types of faults in different points of the microgrid, the effectiveness of the proposed resistive superconducting fault current limiter in reducing the short circuit current level of the microgrid, the impact of simultaneous use of resistive superconducting fault current limiter and auto recloser in significant decreasing of disturbances after Fixing the fault and improving the requirements of low voltage ride through of the doubly fed induction generator are approved. Finally, the analytical comparison of the proposed method with other studies conducted in this field is examined and proves its effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A New Dynamic Equivalent Model for Microgrids Including Distributed Generation Units and Static Compensators
Behrooz ZakerIssue 1 , Vol. 3 , Spring 2024Due to the expansion and increasing penetration level of distributed generation units which are usually inertialess or low inertia, new challenges have arisen in power system studies. Thus, in power system studies, microgrids which may have numerous distributed generati MoreDue to the expansion and increasing penetration level of distributed generation units which are usually inertialess or low inertia, new challenges have arisen in power system studies. Thus, in power system studies, microgrids which may have numerous distributed generation units should be modelled and simulated that is very time consuming and complex. Therefore, dynamic equivalencing of microgrids in order to reduce computation burden and complexity is inevitable. In this paper, a new method for dynamic equivalencing of microgrids that includes inverter-based generation units and DSTATCOMs is proposed. The proposed equivalent model is a physical one which includes components such as equivalent converter, controller, resistance, reactance and equivalent load. Using the measurement data at the point of common coupling and utilizing optimization procedure, the parameters of the equivalent model will be identified. The proposed method is applied to IEEE 33-bus test system to show its accuracy and effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - An Intelligent Multi-Agent Based Approach for Protecting Distribution Networks
Danial Alibeigi Ehsan Abbaspour Bahador Fani Haidar SametIssue 1 , Vol. 1 , Spring 2022Nowadays, the presence of distributed generations has made traditional networks into dynamic state. Current flow fluctuation, increment of fault current and as a result loss of coordination and also error in relays operation in safe sections in the network have been amo MoreNowadays, the presence of distributed generations has made traditional networks into dynamic state. Current flow fluctuation, increment of fault current and as a result loss of coordination and also error in relays operation in safe sections in the network have been among the problems due to using these generations. Finding solution for these problems has always been challenging over the years. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a new solution in the study of protection system operation in electrical energy networks by using intelligent electronic equipment with communication protocols at the level of distribution networks. In recent years, telecommunications platform and intelligent equipment usage has provided a platform that has been able to show its effectiveness against network sudden changes. Multi-Agent system is the name of this communication platform that has been able to pioneer the beginning of a fundamental change in the design of protection systems in electrical energy networks by using a new scheme. These systems have shown that they have not been without problems and in some cases have caused problems for the network. In the proposed approach, the multilayer structure of the multi-agent system will be broken and the surfaces will be independent of each other. Unlike the typical multi-agent system protection method, protection settings at the moment of fault are not calculated for the entire network. This problem, which has not been seen in previous methods, also removes a large load density from the central unit and increases the operating speed and reliability of the protection system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Review of Signal Security Protocols Suitable for Power-Limited Hardware
Mohsen MousaviIssue 1 , Vol. 3 , Spring 2024Instant messengers have been popularized by users for private and business communication as an alternative to the cheap short message system in mobile phones with limited computing power. However, until recently, most mobile messaging applications did not protect the co MoreInstant messengers have been popularized by users for private and business communication as an alternative to the cheap short message system in mobile phones with limited computing power. However, until recently, most mobile messaging applications did not protect the confidentiality or integrity of messages. Due to reports of communications being intercepted by intelligence services such as the NSA, people have been motivated to look for alternative messengers to maintain the security and privacy of their communications on the Internet. Initially, with Facebook's purchase of the popular messaging app WhatsApp, other apps claiming to offer secure communications gained significant new users. One messaging app that claims to offer secure instant messaging features and has garnered a lot of attention is TextSecure Messenger. Next, Signal Messenger, which is considered the successor of TextSecure, uses the protocols available in this messenger to exchange text messages. Considering that the WhatsApp messenger is based on the signal protocol, in this article a complete description of the encryption complexity of the signal protocol is presented. In the following, a security analysis of the three main components of this protocol including: key exchange, key extraction and authentication in encrypted messages is described. It has also been shown that the process of sending and displaying messages in this protocol can achieve most of the security goals. Finally, the role of quantum attacks that resulted from the computing power of quantum computers in solving classical asymmetric cryptography problems in the security of the key agreement protocol used in the Signal was checked. It is also shown that the use of Post-Quantum key exchange cryptographic protocols can secure the key agreement part of the Signal protocol against attacks by quantum algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Modified Scheme for Relays Coordination in Distribution Networks Considering the Transient Stability Criterion
Farzad Hajimohammadi Mohammad Reza Esmaili Ghazanfar Shahgholian Jawad FaizIssue 1 , Vol. 1 , Spring 2022Considering environmental issues and the use of green energy resources has led to the increase of Distributed Generations (DGs) connection to electric power grid. Beside many benefits, these generations impose challenges to the electric system. Two main challenges inves MoreConsidering environmental issues and the use of green energy resources has led to the increase of Distributed Generations (DGs) connection to electric power grid. Beside many benefits, these generations impose challenges to the electric system. Two main challenges investigated in this article are related to the impact of DGs on the Protective Devices (PDs) coordination and the transient stability of these resources at the fault time incidence. As for Synchronous-based Distributed Generations (SBDGs), the challenge of protection coordination arises from the injection current rate of these generations under fault circumstances and the transient stability challenge is due to the low inertia constant. In proposed method, by shifting the relay characteristic curve downwards and repositioning the curve below the Critical Clearing Time (CCT), not only the coordination of the PDs will be improved, but also the instability of SBDGs will be eliminated. This paper presents a modified time-current-voltage characteristic curve for the overcurrent relays. The simulation results done by ETAP software confirm the effective performance of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Energy Management and Operational Planning of Networked Microgrids in a Stochastic Environment
Gilda Hosseini Seysed Babak Mozafari Soodabeh SoleymaniIssue 1 , Vol. 3 , Spring 2024This article introduces a two-stage linear model designed for the coordination of networked microgrids, aimed at optimizing energy management and enhancing profitability through proactive and corrective strategies. Initially, the first stage involves day-ahead hourly pl MoreThis article introduces a two-stage linear model designed for the coordination of networked microgrids, aimed at optimizing energy management and enhancing profitability through proactive and corrective strategies. Initially, the first stage involves day-ahead hourly planning for microgrids, executed in a deterministic environment without accounting for uncertainties. Subsequently, the second stage addresses these uncertainties in real-time network operation through a stochastic programming approach. The model's objective function quantifies and incorporates the variations resulting from both the proactive and corrective phases. To handle uncertainties in wind and solar energy production as well as load demand, probability distribution functions derived from Monte Carlo simulations are utilized. From these, representative scenarios are chosen using a scenario reduction technique. Specifically, the K-means algorithm is employed for scenario clustering, with the Davies-Bouldin (DB) index facilitating automatic clustering. Additionally, load management is conducted via a demand response program. The proposed model stipulates that, within microgrids, only non-critical load levels can be modulated based on the network's economic benefit. This optimization model, formulated as mixed integer programming, is simulated and resolved in the GAMS software environment. The primary goal of this two-stage model is to achieve optimal energy management by balancing economic efficiency with robust network performance. The results obtained validate the model's effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Peak Shaving of Industrial Customers through Combined Installation of Photovoltaic Power Plant and Energy Storage System
Moslem Farhangnia Fariborz Haghighatdar-FesharakiIssue 2 , Vol. 3 , Summer 2024Nowadays, increasing the cost of electrical energy, especially at the peak load duration, besides the environmental caused by fossil fuels, have made the peak shaving problem by clean and renewable energies, one of the important as well as essential subjects in electric MoreNowadays, increasing the cost of electrical energy, especially at the peak load duration, besides the environmental caused by fossil fuels, have made the peak shaving problem by clean and renewable energies, one of the important as well as essential subjects in electric power industry. Hence, in this paper, combination of the photovoltaic power plant and the battery storage system is used to solve the peak shaving problem. In doing so, a new formulation is proposed for determining the optimal capacity of the photovoltaic power plant as well as battery storage. In the considered constraints in the mentioned formulation, technical issues and economic problems are combined together in an appropriate manner. Moreover, solving the optimization problem is performed regarding the consumption load profile as well as the hourly cost of the electrical energy of under-consideration costumer, and also the expected value of the inflation and the electrical energy cost in the future years. After that, the obtained solution is evaluated in terms of the economic feasibility and its interaction with the upstream electric power distribution network. Another considerable point in this paper is the use of the real data in an actual network for simulations. The simulation results, confirm the convenient performance as well as good efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Improvement of Conventional Droop Methods Performance During the Fault Occurrence in an Islanded Micro-Grid Using the Concept of Virtual Impedance
Sobhan Tahanzadeh Farshad Zandi Bahador Fani Matin Dashtipour Ehsan Adib Esmaeel RokrokIssue 1 , Vol. 1 , Spring 2022Most Micro-Sources (MSs) are interfaced to a Micro-Grid (MG) using power electronics converters. Therefore, a MG can be envisioned as a group of parallel converters. A well-known method to control a group of parallel converters in the decentralized control structure in MoreMost Micro-Sources (MSs) are interfaced to a Micro-Grid (MG) using power electronics converters. Therefore, a MG can be envisioned as a group of parallel converters. A well-known method to control a group of parallel converters in the decentralized control structure in a MG is to use frequency and voltage droop characteristics. A problem associated with conventional droop characteristics is that reactive power is not always properly shared among MSs which may lead to converter overloading. The nature of conventional droop characteristics is linear. Therefore, these characteristics do not have a sufficient degree of freedom to function properly in nonlinear conditions, such as the occurrence of short circuit faults. Most of proposed methods in the literature are limited to specific MG structures or need extensive information of grid. For this purpose, in this paper, a new power control strategy based on a decentralized method for autonomous micro-grid consisting of voltage source inverters is presented. The control strategy based on voltage and frequency droop control methods. In the proposed method, conventional droop characteristics are corrected by using virtual impedance loop to adjusting the y-intercept of conventional curves. The proposed approach also improves voltage regulation both under normal micro-grid conditions and when faults occur. Manuscript profile
