Changes Study of the Aggregates Stability After Composition of Soil Conditioner
Subject Areas : Watershed management and water extractionNiusha Mohabbati 1 , Leila Gholami 2 * , Ataollah Kavian 3 , Fatemeh Shokrian 4
1 - Master Student, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
3 - Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
4 - Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
Keywords: Combination of organic and inorganic conditioners, Aggregate stability, Rainfall simulator, Soil erosion ,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Soil aggregates stability is a key indicator of soil quality that it significantly affects on the water movement, aeration and nutrient distribution in the soil. On the other hand, the conditioners application in eroded soils can have the great impact on changes in the stability of soil aggregates.Terefore, this study was conducted with the Aim of investigation the compost and zeolite impact on soil aggregate stability under laboratory conditions and simulated rainfall with intensity of 80 mm h-1. Considering the importance of aggregate stability in erosion control and improving soil quality, the present study also evaluated the combination of the two conditioners.
Research Methodology: In this study, surface soil was collected from eroded rangelands and then transported to university labratory. soil samples air-drying, these were prepared by sieving. Then various treatments including compost, zeolite, and their combination were added to the soil. To measurement the aggregates stability, the samples were examined in conservation treatments for time periods of 24 h, two, four, eight, 16 and 32 weeks. To the effects comparison of rainfall simulators, the samples were collected at before and after the application of the rainfall simulator. For this purpose, the surface soil was collected before and after the application of the rain simulator system for time periods of 24 h, two, four, eight, 16 and 32 weeks, to the depth of 2-mm with amount of 50 g. Then, the aggregates stability was calculated using the wet sieve method. In order to performance of the granulation operation, six sieves were used that the diameter ranges were the size of 500, 250, 125, 100, 53, 38 and less than 38 micrometer and a container for collecting particles smaller than 38 micrometers. Finally, tests were performed using SPSS and Gradistat software.
Findings: The results indicated that the compost addition to soil the cause significantly increased aggregates stability compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, zeolite also positively impacted aggregates stability by improving physical charactrestices of the soil and increasing water retention capacity. The combination of compost and zeolite had the the more effect on the aggregates stability compared to their separately effects. The application time of conditioners showed that at eight and four weeks had the the more effects on the average aggregates diameter. The stability of soil aggregates decreased at 16 and 32 week compared to eight and four week. The effect of soil conditioners (compost, zeolite and their combination) on the components D10, D90, D10/D90, 1D0-D90, D25/D75, D25-D75, skewness and sorting was significant at the level of 99 percent, but it was not significant on the variables D50 and kurtosis. The effect of time interval on all the studied variables was significant at level of 99 percent. Also, the effect of rain simulator was only significant on the variables D10, D50, D25/D75, skewness, and kurtosis at the level of 99 percent.
Conclusion: This research showed that the usage of compost and zeolite can be the effective strategy for improvement of aggregates stability and reducing soil erosion. The results of this research can be used as a basis for sustainable soil management practices and at improving the soil quality in agriculture. It is also suggested that the further research be conducted on the long-term effects of these conditioners on soil quality so that these can be used in natural resource management programs.
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