Subject Areas :
الهام درخشانی
1
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه زابل)
محمد رضا دهقانی
2
(گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه زابل)
محمد چمنی
3
(گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران)
Keywords: مورفولوژی, شکمبه, گاو سیستانی, قارچ های بی هوازی,
Abstract :
1. Barr, D.J.S. (1995). Contributions on the morphology and taxonomy of some rumen fungi from Canada. Mycotaxon LIV 53: 203-214.
2. Barr, D.J.S.,Kudo, H., Jackober, K.D. Cheng K.J. (1989). Morphology and development of rumen fungi: Neocallimastix sp, Piromyces communis and Orpinomyces bovis, gen. nov., sp. nov. Canadian Journal Chemistry 67: 2815-2824.
3. Barrett, S.P. (1997). Human intestinal spirochaetosis (Diseases Associated With Intestinal Spirochaetes). In: Intestinal SpirochaetesIn: Domestic Animals and Humans. ed. D. J. Hampson and T. B. Stanton. CAB International (ISBN 0 85199 140 8). 243-266.
4. Bauchop, T. (1979) Rumen anaerobic fungi of cattle and sheep. Applied and Environment Microbiology 38:148-158.
5. Bradshaw, L.J. (1992). Metabolism of Microorganisms. In Laboratory Microbiology. 4th edition L. J. Bradshaw. Saunders College Publishing (ISBN 0 03 047442 6). PP: 137-213.
6. Breton,A., Bernalier, A., Bonnemoy, F., Fonty, G., Gaillard, B. Gouet, P. (1989). Morphological and metabolic characterization of a new species of strictly anaerobic rumen fungus: Neocallimastix joyonii. FEMS Microbiology Letters 58: 309-314.
7. Breton, A., Bernalier, A. Dusser, M. (1990). Anaeromyces mucronatus nov. gen., nov.sp. A new strictly anaerobic rumen fungus with polycentric thallus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 70: 177-182.
8. Breton, A., Dusser, M., Gaillard-Martinie, B., Guillot, J., Millet, L. Prensier, G. (1991) Piromyces rhizinflata a species of strictly anaerobic fungus from feces of the Saharan ass: a morphological, metabolic and ultrastructural study. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 66: 1-8.
9. Breton, A., Martinie, G. Gerbi, C. (1995). Location by fluorescence microscopy of glycosidases and a xylanase in the anaerobic gut fungi Caecomyces communis, Neocallimastix frontalis, and Piromyces rhizinflata.Current Microbiology 31: 224-227.
10. Brookman,J.L., Mennim, G. Trinci, A.P.J.(2000). Identification and characterization of anaerobic gut fungi using molecular methodologies based on ribosomal ITS1 and 18S rRNA. Microbiology 146: 393-403.
11. Chamani, M., Rezaeian, M., Ershad, J. Jamei, P. (2005). The identification of anaerobic fungi in the rumen of sheep and goat and evaluation of morphological, biochemical and metabolic characteristics. Agriculture Science Journal 7: 117-134.
12. Davies,D.R., Theodorou, M.K., Lawrence, M.I. Trinci, A.P.J. (1993). Distribution of anaerobic fungi in the digestive tract of cattle and their survival in faeces. Journal of General Microbiology 139: 1395-400.
13. Dore, J. Stahl, D.A. (1991). Phylogeny of anaerobic rumen chytridiomycetes inferred from small subunit ribosomal RNA sequence comparison. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 1964-1971.
14. Fonty, G. Gouet, P.H. (1994). Plant cell wall degradation by anaerobic fungi. Pp. 97-112. In: Microorganisms in Ruminant Nutrition Prins, R.A. and Stewart, C.S. eds. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.
15. Gaillard, B. Citron, A. (1989). Ultrastructural study of two rumen fungi: Piromonas communis and Sphaeromonas communis. Current Microbiology 18: 83-86.
16. Gold, J.J., Heath, I.B. Bauchop, T. (1988). Ultrastructural description of a new chytrid genus of caecum anaerobe Caecomyces equine assigned to the Neocallimasticaceae. Biosystems 21: 403-415
17. Hebraud, M. Fevre, M. (1988). Characterization of Glycoside and polysaccharide hydrolases secreted by the rumen anaerobic fungi Neocallimastix frontalis, sphaeromunas communis and Piromonas communis. Journal of General Microbiology 134: 1123-1129.
18. Ho, Y.W. Bauchop, T. (1991). Morphology of three polycentric rumen fungi and description of a procedure for the induction of zoosporogenesis and release of zoospores in cultures. Journal of General Microbiology 137: 213-217.
19. Ho, Y.W., Barr, D.J.S., Abdullah, N., Jalaludin, S. Kudo, H. (1993). A new species of Piromyces from the rumen of deer in Malaysia. Mycotaxon 47: 285-293.
20. Ho, Y.W., Khoo, I.Y.S. Tan, S.G. (1994). Isozyme analysis of anaerobic rumen fungi and their relationship to aerobic chytrids. Microbiology 140: 1495-1504.
21. Ho, Y.W. Barr, D.J.S. (1995). Classification of anaerobic gut fungi from herbivores with emphasis on rumen fungi from Malaysia. Mycology Research 87: 655-677.
22. Hungate, R.E. (1966) The rumen bacteria. In: The Rumen and Its Microbes. ed. R. E. Hungate. Academic Press Inc. New York and London. 8-90.
23. Joblin, K.N. (1981). Isolation, enumeration and maintenance of rumen anaerobic fungi in roll tubes. Applied Enviromental Microbiology 42: 1119-1122.
24. Karling, J.S. (1978). Chytriomycetarum Iconographia: Illustrated and Descriptive Guide to the Chytridiomycetous Genera with a Supplement on the Hyphochytridiomycetes. J. Cramer: Monticello,NY- Lubrecht and Cramer.
25. Kopecny, J. Hodrova, B. (1995). Pectinolytic enzymes of anaerobic fungi.Letters Applied Microbiology 20: 312-316.
26. Kostyukovsky, V.A., Okunev, O.N. Tarakanov, B.V. (1991). Description of two anaerobic fungal strains from the bovine rumen and influence of diet on the fungal population in vivo. Journal of Microbiology 137: 1759-1764.
27. Li, J., Heath, I.B. Bauchop, T. (1990). Piromyces mae and Piromyces dumbonica, two new species of monoflagellated anaerobic chytridiomycete fungi from the hindgut of the horse and elephant. Canadian Journal of Botany 68: 1021-1033.
28. Li, J. Heath, I.B. (1991). The development and zoospore ultrastructure of a polycentric chytridiomycete gut fungus, Orpinomyces joyonii. comb. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 580-589.
29. Lolke, S. Bwee, T. (1993). Degradation and utilization of grass cell walls by anaerobic fungi isolated from yak, llama and sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 44: 221-236.
30. Lowe, S.E., Theodorou, M.K., Trinci, A.P.J. (1987) Isolation of anaerobic fungi from saliva and faeces of sheep. Journal of General Microbiology 133: 1829-1834.
31. Nagpal, R., Puniya, A.K., Sehgal, J.P. Singh, K. (2011). In vitro fibrolytic potential of anaerobic rumen fungi from ruminants and non-ruminant herbivores. Mycoscience 52: 31-38.
32. Orpin, C.G. (1975). Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis. Journal of General Microbiology 91: 249-269
33. Orpin, C.G. (1976). Studies on the rumen flagellate Sphaeromonas communis. Journal of General Microbiology 94: 270-280.
34. Orpin, C.G. (1977). The rumen flagellate Piromonas communis: its life-history and invasion of plant material in the rumen. Journal of General Microbiology 99: 107-117.
35. Orpin, C.G. Bauntiff, L. (1978). Zoospore chemotaxis in the rumen phycomycete Neocallimastix frontalis. Journal of General Microbiology 104: 113-122.
36. Sakurada, M., Morgavi, D.P., Tomita, Y. Onodera, R. (1995). Chitinolytic activity of the anaerobic rumen fungus Piromyces communis OTS1. Current Microbiology 31: 206-209.
37. Tripathi, V.K., Sehgal, J.P., Puniya, A.K. Singh, K. (2007). Hydrolytic activities of anaerobic fungi from wild blue bull (Boselaphustragocamelus). Journal of Anaerobe 13: 36-39
38. Wubah, D.A., Fuller, M.S. Akin, D.E. (1991). Isolation of monocentric and polycentric fungi from the rumen and feces of cows in Georgia. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 1232-1236.