Subject Areas :

فرزاد حسین زاده ¹ (دانش آموخته دکتری حرفه ای دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی شیراز)
حسن شریفی ² (گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شیراز)
مهران قائمی ³ (گروه پاتوبیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شیراز)
بهمن عبدی ها چه سو ⁴ (گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شیراز)

Received: 2019-10-30 Accepted : 2020-02-19 Published : 2020-02-20

Keywords:

References:

1- صدرزاده، ا. (1387). مدیریت و پیشگیری از بیماریهای طیور (جوجه­های گوشتی). انتشارات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
( گرمسار)، صفحات 40 تا 52.

2.   Alekshun, M.N., and Levy, S.B. (2007). Molecular Mechanisms of Antibacterial Multidrug Resistance. Cell, 128: 1037-1050.‏

3.   Amos, G.C., Ploumakis, S., Zhang, L., Hawkey, P.M., Gaze, W.H., and Wellington, E.M. (2018). The widespread dissemination of integrons throughout bacterial communities in a riverine system. Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, 12: 681.‏

4.   Bass, L., Liebert, C.A., Lee. M.D., Summers, A.O., White, D.G., Thayer, S.G., and Maurer, J.J. (1999). Incidence and characterization of integrons, genetic elements mediating multiple-drug resistance, in avian Escherichia coli . Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 43: 2925-2929.

5.   Canal, N., Meneghetti, K.L., Almeida, C.P.D., Bastos, M.D.R., Otton, L.M., and Corção, G. (2016). Characterization of the variable region in the class 1 integron of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli  isolated from surface water. brazilian journal of microbiology, 47: 337-344.‏

6.   Fucuzaki, S. (2006). Mechanisms of actions of sodium hypochlorite in cleaning‌ and‌‌‌‌ disinfection‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ processes. Biocontrol Science, 11: 147-157.‏

7.   Gaze, W. H., Abdouslam, N., Hawkey, P. M., and Wellington, E. M. H. (2005). Incidence of class 1 integrons in a quaternary ammonium compound-polluted environment. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 49: 1802-1807.‏

8.   Goldstein, C., Lee, M.D., Sanchez, S., Hudson, C., Phillips, B., Register, B., Grady, M., Liebert, C., Summers, A.O., and White, D.G. (2001). Incidence of class 1 and 2 integrases in clinical and commensal bacteria from livestock, companion animals, and exotics. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 45: 723-726.

9.   Kang, H.Y., Jeong, Y.S., Oh, J.Y., Tae, S.H., Choi, Ch.H., Moon, D.Ch., Lee, W.K., Lee, Y.Ch., Seol, S.Y., Cho, D.T., Lee, J.Ch., Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons found in Escherichia coli isolates from humans and animals in Korea, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,55:639644 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dki076

10.        Kijima-Tanaka, M., Ishihara, K., Morioka, A., Kojima, A., Ohzono, T., Ogikubo, K,. and Tamura, Y. (2003). A national surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli  isolated from food-producing animals in Japan. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 51: 447-451.‏

11.    Liamthong, S. (2008). Prevalence of Class 1 Integrons and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Bacteria of Swine and Chicken in the US and Thailand. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee. USA.

12.    Maharjan, P., Clark, T., Kuenzel, C., Foy, M.K., and Watkins, S. (2016). On farm monitoring of the impact of water system sanitation on microbial levels in broiler house water supplies. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 25: 266-271.

13.    Mokady, D., Gophna, U., and Ron, E.Z. (2005). Virulence factors of septicemic Escherichia coli strains. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 295: 455-462.‏

14.    Nolan, L.K., Barnes, H.J., Vaillancourt, J.P., Abdul-Aziz, T., and Logue, C.M. (2013). Diseases of Poultry, Coli bacillosis, 13^th edition.751-805.‏

15.    Oliveira-Pinto, C., Diamantino, C., Oliveira, P.L., Reis, M.P., Costa, P.S., Paiva, M.C., Nascimento, A.M. (2017). Occurrence and characterization of class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli from healthy individuals and those with urinary infection. Journal of medical microbiology, 66: 577-583.‏

16.    Quinn, P. J., Carter, M. E., Markey, B. K., & Carter, G. R. (1994). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Mosby-Year Book Europe Limited, Lynton House, London WC1H9LB, England: 209-236.

17.    Ron, E.Z. (2006). Host specificity of septicemic Escherichia coli : human and avian pathogens. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 9: 28-32.‏

18.    Sallen, B., Rajoharison, A., Desvarenne, S., and Mabilat, C. (1995). Molecular epidemiology of integron-associated antibiotic resistance genes in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Microbial Drug Resistance, 1: 195-202.‏

19.    Sambrook, J., Russel D. W. (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition. NY: Cold Spring Harbor: 1. 44.

20.    Smith, J., Drum, D., Dai, Y., Kim, J., Sanchez, S., Maurer, J., Hofacre, C., and Lee, M. (2007). Impact of antimicrobial usage on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli  strains colonizing broiler chickens. Applied and environmental microbiology, 73: 1404-14.

21.    Soufi, L., Abbassi, MS., Sáenz, Y., Vinué, L., Somalo, S., Zarazaga, M., Abbas, A., Dbaya, R., Khanfir, L., and Ben Hassen, A. (2009). Prevalence and diversity of integrons and associated resistance genes in Escherichia coli  isolates from poultry meat in Tunisia. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 6: 1067-1073.

22.    Stokes, Ht., and Hall, RM. (1989). A novel family of potentially mobile DNA elements encoding site‐specific gene‐integration functions: integrons. Molecular Microbiology, 3:1669-1683.

23.    Su, J., Shi, L., Yang, L., Xiao, Z., Li, X., and Yamasaki, S. (2006). Analysis of integrons in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in China during the last six years. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 254:75-80.

24.    Yang, H., Chen, Sh., White, D. G., Zhao, Sh., McDermott, P., Walker, R., Meng. J., (2004) Characterization of Multiple-Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Diseased Chickens and Swine in China, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42:3483-3489;DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.8.3483-3489.2004.

1.   Alekshun, M.N., and Levy, S.B. (2007). Molecular Mechanisms of Antibacterial Multidrug Resistance. Cell, 128: 1037-1050.‏

2.   Amos, G.C., Ploumakis, S., Zhang, L., Hawkey, P.M., Gaze, W.H., and Wellington, E.M. (2018). The widespread dissemination of integrons throughout bacterial communities in a riverine system. Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, 12: 681.‏

3.   Bass, L., Liebert, C.A., Lee. M.D., Summers, A.O., White, D.G., Thayer, S.G., and Maurer, J.J. (1999). Incidence and characterization of integrons, genetic elements mediating multiple-drug resistance, in avian Escherichia coli . Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 43: 2925-2929.

4.   Canal, N., Meneghetti, K.L., Almeida, C.P.D., Bastos, M.D.R., Otton, L.M., and Corção, G. (2016). Characterization of the variable region in the class 1 integron of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli  isolated from surface water. brazilian journal of microbiology, 47: 337-344.‏

5.   Fucuzaki, S. (2006). Mechanisms of actions of sodium hypochlorite in cleaning‌ and‌‌‌‌ disinfection‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ processes. Biocontrol Science, 11: 147-157.‏

6.   Gaze, W. H., Abdouslam, N., Hawkey, P. M., and Wellington, E. M. H. (2005). Incidence of class 1 integrons in a quaternary ammonium compound-polluted environment. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 49: 1802-1807.‏

7.   Goldstein, C., Lee, M.D., Sanchez, S., Hudson, C., Phillips, B., Register, B., Grady, M., Liebert, C., Summers, A.O., and White, D.G. (2001). Incidence of class 1 and 2 integrases in clinical and commensal bacteria from livestock, companion animals, and exotics. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 45: 723-726.

8.   Kang, H.Y., Jeong, Y.S., Oh, J.Y., Tae, S.H., Choi, Ch.H., Moon, D.Ch., Lee, W.K., Lee, Y.Ch., Seol, S.Y., Cho, D.T., Lee, J.Ch., Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons found in Escherichia coli isolates from humans and animals in Korea, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,55:639644 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dki076

9.        Kijima-Tanaka, M., Ishihara, K., Morioka, A., Kojima, A., Ohzono, T., Ogikubo, K,. and Tamura, Y. (2003). A national surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli  isolated from food-producing animals in Japan. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 51: 447-451.‏

10.    Liamthong, S. (2008). Prevalence of Class 1 Integrons and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Bacteria of Swine and Chicken in the US and Thailand. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee. USA.

11.    Maharjan, P., Clark, T., Kuenzel, C., Foy, M.K., and Watkins, S. (2016). On farm monitoring of the impact of water system sanitation on microbial levels in broiler house water supplies. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 25: 266-271.

12.    Mokady, D., Gophna, U., and Ron, E.Z. (2005). Virulence factors of septicemic Escherichia coli strains. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 295: 455-462.‏

13.    Nolan, L.K., Barnes, H.J., Vaillancourt, J.P., Abdul-Aziz, T., and Logue, C.M. (2013). Diseases of Poultry, Coli bacillosis, 13^th edition.751-805.‏

14.    Oliveira-Pinto, C., Diamantino, C., Oliveira, P.L., Reis, M.P., Costa, P.S., Paiva, M.C., Nascimento, A.M. (2017). Occurrence and characterization of class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli from healthy individuals and those with urinary infection. Journal of medical microbiology, 66: 577-583.‏

15.    Quinn, P. J., Carter, M. E., Markey, B. K., & Carter, G. R. (1994). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Mosby-Year Book Europe Limited, Lynton House, London WC1H9LB, England: 209-236.

16.    Ron, E.Z. (2006). Host specificity of septicemic Escherichia coli : human and avian pathogens. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 9: 28-32.‏

17.    Sallen, B., Rajoharison, A., Desvarenne, S., and Mabilat, C. (1995). Molecular epidemiology of integron-associated antibiotic resistance genes in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Microbial Drug Resistance, 1: 195-202.‏

18.    Sambrook, J., Russel D. W. (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition. NY: Cold Spring Harbor: 1. 44.

19.    Smith, J., Drum, D., Dai, Y., Kim, J., Sanchez, S., Maurer, J., Hofacre, C., and Lee, M. (2007). Impact of antimicrobial usage on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli  strains colonizing broiler chickens. Applied and environmental microbiology, 73: 1404-14.

20.    Soufi, L., Abbassi, MS., Sáenz, Y., Vinué, L., Somalo, S., Zarazaga, M., Abbas, A., Dbaya, R., Khanfir, L., and Ben Hassen, A. (2009). Prevalence and diversity of integrons and associated resistance genes in Escherichia coli  isolates from poultry meat in Tunisia. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 6: 1067-1073.

21.    Stokes, Ht., and Hall, RM. (1989). A novel family of potentially mobile DNA elements encoding site‐specific gene‐integration functions: integrons. Molecular Microbiology, 3:1669-1683.

22.    Su, J., Shi, L., Yang, L., Xiao, Z., Li, X., and Yamasaki, S. (2006). Analysis of integrons in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in China during the last six years. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 254:75-80.

23.    Yang, H., Chen, Sh., White, D. G., Zhao, Sh., McDermott, P., Walker, R., Meng. J., (2004) Characterization of Multiple-Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Diseased Chickens and Swine in China, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42:3483-3489;DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.8.3483-3489.2004.