List of Articles mehdi noura

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  1 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training with Citrus Aurantium Extract Consumption on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Levels of Soleus Muscle in Elderly Rats
  Maryam Kheirdeh Mehdi Noura Rasoul Jamali Fashi Abdolali Rakhshanizadeh
  10.30495/varzesh.2020.677910
  Abstract Introduction: Aging is a biological process that causes muscle dysfunction and muscle atrophy by increasing oxidative stress. Although the role of exercise and some herbs in improving muscle metabolism has been identified, the effect of high intensity interval More

  Abstract Introduction: Aging is a biological process that causes muscle dysfunction and muscle atrophy by increasing oxidative stress. Although the role of exercise and some herbs in improving muscle metabolism has been identified, the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and Citrus aurantium (CA) consumption on oxidative stress in muscle tissue following aging is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT with CA consumption on glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (PC) levels in the soleus muscle tissue of elderly rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 35 elderly rats with the age range of 14 to 18 months, and approximate weight of 270 to 320 g were randomly divided into (1) control (C), (2) sham (Sh), (3) HIIT, (4) CA and (5) HIIT+CA groups. Groups 3 and 5 performed HIIT for eight weeks, five sessions per week (at 85-110% VO2max and speed of 15-25 m/min). Also, groups 4 and 5 received 300 mg/kg/day Citrus aurantium extract peritoneally for eight weeks. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post- hoc test was performed in Graph Pad Prism 8.3.0 software (P≥0.05). Results: HIIT increased GPx and decreased PC (P≥0.05). CA consumption and HIIT and CA interaction increased GPx and decreased MDA and PC in the soleus muscle tissue of elderly rats (P≥ 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and CA consumption separately and synergistically have a beneficial effect on reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant activity, however, further studies in this regard seem necessary. Keywords: Aging, Citrus Aurantium, Antioxidant, High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Muscle, Oxidative Stress   Extended Abstract Introduction Aging as a biological phenomenon causes muscle atrophy by decreasing mitochondrial function, increasing reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS), decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (PC) (1). But regular exercise increases the expression of antioxidants in skeletal muscles by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and protein kinases. High and moderate intensity training also increase SOD, GPx and PC. Aerobic, anaerobic and combined training increase MDA, GPx, SOD, and glutathione reductase (GR) (3, 7, 8) as well. Also, consumption of medicinal plants such as Citrus aurantium (CA) increases mitochondrial biogenesisand sirtuin 1. It reduces inflammatory factors, and has favorable effects on the elderly rats (9, 11). Due to the unknown effect of HIIT and CA consumption on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress in muscle tissue, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT and CA consumption on oxidative stress and antioxidant levels in the soleus muscle of elderly rats.   Methods In this experimental study, 35 elderly rats with the age range of 14 to 18 months, and approximate weight of 270 to 320 g were randomly assigned to (1) control (C), (2) sham (Sh), (3) HIIT, (4) CA and (5) HIIT + CA groups. Groups 3 and 5 performed HIIT for eight weeks, five sessions per week (at 85-110% VO2max and speed of 25-25 m/min) (12). Also, groups 4 and 5 received 300 mg/kg/day Citrus aurantium extract peritoneally for eight weeks (13). 48 hours after the last training session and by using a combination of ketamine and xylazine, the rats were anesthetized and their soleus muscles were extracted by the laboratory experts. To measure MDA levels, MDA measuring kit made by ZellBio GmbH, Ulm, with a sensitivity of 0.1 micromolar was used, and PC surfaces were measured by spectrophotometry using PC measuring kit made by Kiazist Iran company with a sensitivity of nanomoles per milligram. Also, GPx levels were measured using Nagpix ™ Glutathione Peroxidase kit using BMG Labtech Ltd., Aylesbury, UK. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze the results. Data analysis and plotting of research charts were performed using Graph Pad Prism 8.3.0 software (P≥0.05).   Results The mean and standard deviation of GPx, MDA and PC levels in the research groups are presented in Figures 1 to 3. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference in GPx (P=0.001), MDA (P=0.001) and PC (P=0.001) levels in the muscle tissue of elderly rats in the research groups. The results of Tukey’s post- hoc test showed that GPx levels in the C and Sh groups were not significantly different (P=0.57), but in the HIIT (P=0.001), CA (P=0.001) and HIIT + CA (P=0.001) groups were significantly higher than the C group. In the HIIT (P=0.001), CA (P=0.001) and HIIT + CA (P=0.001) groups, the levels were significantly higher than the Sh group. No significant difference was observed in the CA and HIIT groups (P=0.99), but in the HIIT+CA group, the levels were significantly higher than the HIIT (P=0.001) and CA (P=0.001) groups (Figure 1). MDA levels in the C and Sh groups were not significantly different (P=0.99), but in the CA (P=0.02) and HIIT+CA (P=0.001) groups, they were significantly lower than the C group; also in the CA (P=0.007) and HIIT+CA (P=0.001) groups, they were significantly lower than the Sh group. MDA levels in the HIIT+CA group were significantly lower than the HIIT (P=0.001) and CA (P=0.003) groups (Figure 2).     PC levels in the C and Sh groups were not significantly different (P=0.23), however, in the HIIT (P=0.001), CA (P=0.001) and HIIT+CA (P=0.001) groups, they were significantly lower than the C and Sh groups. There was no significant difference between the CA (P=0.99) and HIIT+CA (P=0.91) groups compared to the HIIT group; Also, PC levels in the HIIT+CA group were not significantly different from the CA group (P=0.93) (Figure 3).   Discussion The results showed that HIIT increased GPx and decreased PC levels in the soleus muscle of elderly rats. HIIT with the mechanism of instant response to oxidative stress (OS) induced by exercise modulates cell redox increases protein kinases, the expression of respiratory transcription proteins (NRF1/2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1), and modulates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). It also increases SOD and GPx expression and decreases PC and MDA (8, 14); Moreover, consumption of CA and HIIT + CA with the mechanism of increasing the expression of forkhead box O (FOXO) protein, activation of PI3K pathway, AKT1/2, IGF-1, increasing of PGC-1α, modulation of NRF1/2, NF-κB, increasing of protein synthesis and antioxidants enzymes in mitochondria and cytosol increases GPx and decreases MDA and PC in the soleus muscle tissue of elderly rats (9, 16).   Conclusion It seems that HIIT and CA consumption separately and synergistically have a beneficial effect on reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant activity, however, further studies in this regard seem necessary. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The Effect of Pilates Training along with Saffron Consumption on Body Composition of Female
  Setareh Sharafi Ghobad Hassanpour Mehdi Noura
  10.30495/varzesh.2020.678439
  Abstract Introduction: Nutrition and exercise are two factors affecting weight control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected Pilates trainings with saffron consumption on body composition of female. Materials and Methods: In thi More

  Abstract Introduction: Nutrition and exercise are two factors affecting weight control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected Pilates trainings with saffron consumption on body composition of female. Materials and Methods: In this quasi- experimental study, 32 non-athlete female volunteers were divided into four groups of eight based on body weight, including 1) training, 2) saffron, 3) training + saffron and 4) placebo. Groups 1 and 3 performed Pilates trainings for 3 sessions per week . Each session lasted 60 minutes. Groups 2 and 3 consumed capsules containing 30 mg of saffron daily, and groups 4 received capsules containing placebo for 8 weeks. In the pre- test and 72 hours after the last training session and saffron consumption, the body composition of the subjects was measured using the BOCA X1 body composition device made in South Korea. To analyze the data, Shapiro- Wilk test, one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s post- hoc test were used (P≤0.05). Findings: Pilates training, saffron consumption and Pilates training with saffron consumption had a significant effect on reducing the percentage of fat mass, increasing the percentage of total body fluid and the percentage of lean body mass (P=0.001). Also Pilates training with saffron consumption compared to consumption of saffron had a favorable effect on reducing the percentage of body fat mass (P=0.01) and increasing the percentage of total body fluid (P=0.009). Discussion: Although Pilates training and saffron consumption alone improve body composition, it seems that Pilates training combined with saffron consumption has more favorable effects than saffron. Keywords: Pilates Training, Saffron, Body Composition   Extended abstract Introduction The development of machine facilities, on one hand, has led to a better life and more leisure, and on the other hand, has reduced physical activity. This has led people to take an inactive life and has created a noticeable lack of movement in human life (1). Pilates is an exercise system founded in 1930 by Joseph Pilates. Today, what has made this unknown sport a complementary sport to the public and even home is the excellent performance of this sport and its application to all people of all ages and genders from a professional athlete to a housewife and its special condition like pregnancy (8). In addition to physical activity, one of the factors that can affect body composition is controlling and managing food intake. Some medical plants are more popular in today's society due to their weight loss effects. Saffron has been used as a well-known drug to treat many diseases throughout history and in different nationalities (3). Numerous therapeutic properties have been mentioned for saffron and its active ingredients, including anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and hypnotic effects, anti-seizure, muscle relaxant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti- Alzheimer's, and anti-tumor and antitussives. Today, the use of natural and traditional supplements to perform sports skills better by improving body composition and increasing strength has become very popular. Considering the popularity and prevalence of Pilates in Iran in the last decade and the high tendency of people in this sport, especially in Iranian women, and the lack of studies on the interactive effects of Pilates training and crocin consumption on body composition, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Pilates along with saffron consumption on body composition of female.   Material and methods In this quasi-experimental study, 32 non-athlete women with mean age of 33±3.28 years were selected as the statistical sample. Inclusion criteria included no smoking, no cardiovascular disease and no weight loss drugs. At the beginning of the research, the informed consent form was completed by all subjects. Then, after measuring the demographic characteristics, the subjects were divided into four groups of eight based on body weight including 1) training, 2) saffron, 3) training + saffron and 4) placebo. During eight weeks, groups 2 and 3 consumed capsules containing 30 mg of saffron extract daily and group 4 consumed capsules containing placebo (13). Also groups 1 and 3 performed Pilates trainings for 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes each session (14). Each Pilates session consisted of 10 minutes of light warm- up, 15 minutes of stretching, 25 minutes of specialized exercises, and 10 minutes of cooling down. Before starting the research in the pre- test and 72 hours after the last training session and consumption of saffron, the body composition of the subjects was measured using the BOCA X1 body composition made in South Korea (2). Shapiro- Wilk, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post- hoc tests were used to analyze the data (P≤0.05).   Findings The results showed that the percentage of the body fat mass in training, saffron and training + saffron groups compared to the control group in the post- test had a significant decrease than that of the pre-test (P=0.001). Also, the percentage of body fat mass in the training group + saffron in comparison with the saffron group in the post- test had a significant decrease than that of the pre- test (P=0.01). Percentage of total body fluid in the training + saffron group compared to the saffron group in the post- test had a significant increase compared to the pre- test (P=0.009). The percentage of lean body mass in the training, saffron and training + saffron groups compared to the control group in the post- test had a significant increase than the pre- test (P=0.001). The results also showed that the percentage of body fat mass in the training, saffron and training + saffron groups in the post- test was significantly reduced compared to the pre- test (P=0.001); Percentage of total body fluid in the training + saffron group in the post- test increased significantly compared to the pre- test (P=0.001). Also, the percentage of lean body mass in the training, saffron and training + saffron groups in the post- test significantly increased compared to the pre- test (P=0.001).   Discussion The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of Pilates training significantly reduced the percentage of body fat mass and increased the percentage of lean body mass. Consistent with the present study, eight weeks of Pilates training resulted in a reduction in body fat percentage, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and abdominal fat (15). Regarding the use of exercises to control weight and body composition in women, it should be stated that due to the increasing prevalence of overweight in women and its consequences in adulthood, the use of an appropriate exercise to control weight and body composition is necessary. In fact, exercise can control weight and body composition by increasing calorie consumption. Also, the results of the present study showed that eight weeks of saffron consumption led to a significant reduction in the percentage of body fat mass and an increase in the percentage of lean body mass. To confirm the beneficial effects of saffron consumption, Hooshmand Moghadam and Gaini (2018) reported that daily consumption of 150 mg saffron led to a decrease in body fat percentage (12). It has been pointed out that the effects of saffron are due to the active ingredients of saffron, especially flavonoids (crocetin and crocin) as well as polyphenolic compounds, so that these substances can increase the antioxidant defense system (12). Regarding the interactive effects, the findings of the present study showed that Pilates training along with saffron consumption led to a significant decrease in the percentage of body fat mass and also a significant increase in the percentage of total body fluid and lean body mass. In addition, training along with saffron had a greater effect on reducing the percentage of body fat mass and increasing the percentage of total body fluid. Regarding these findings, it can be concluded that performing Pilates training along with saffron consumption has more favorable effects on body composition than saffron consumption alone.   Conclusion Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that although Pilates training and saffron consumption alone lead to improved body composition, Pilates training combined with saffron consumption seems to have more favorable effects than saffron.   Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines All subjects full fill the informed consent.   Funding No funding.   Authors' contributions Design and conceptualization: Setareh Sharafi, Ghobad Hassanpour; Methodology and data analysis: Setareh Sharafi; Supervision and final writing: Ghobad Hassanpour.   Conflicts of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest. Manuscript profile