Quantification of β-carotene, aucubin content, their associations and contribution to other economic traits in Plantago germplasm

Subject Areas : Analytical Assessments of Bioactive Compounds

Sougata  Sarkar ¹ (Genetics and Plant Breeding Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, U.P. (India)-226015)
Raj Kishori  Lal ² (Genetics and Plant Breeding Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, U.P. (India)-226015)
Ram Kishor  Verma ³ (Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, U.P. (India)-226015)

Received: 2017-07-28 Accepted : 2017-10-11 Published : 2017-12-01

Keywords: Secondary metabolite, <i>Plantago</i> sp, Genetic advance, HPLC, Correlation,

Abstract :

Plant secondary metabolites have innumerable benefits in regard to human health. From the available 106 divergent lines of five Plantago species, a screening program was conducted to explore putative lines having best resources of aucubin and &beta;-carotene. HPLC results indicated that seeds of selection LP3 of P. ovata contained highest (9.53%) and P. arenaria contained least (7.79%) &beta;-carotene. Investigation was also conducted to assess the genetic variability, correlations and character contribution of &beta;-carotene and aucubin content with other traits towards seed yield in a set of ten selected accessions in relation to seven traits in Plantago species. Results indicated that none of the accessions of any other species apart from P. lanceolata contained aucubin. PL-61 accession was detected to have maximum concentration (0.23%) of aucubin while the lowest (0.02%) was detected in PL-66. This opened the possibilities for nutritional value addition of &beta;-carotene in seeds of isabgol.

References:

Adams, M., Berset, C., Kessler, M., Hamburger, M. 2009. Medicinal herbs for the treatment of rheumatic disordersd-a survey of European herbals from the 16th and 17th century J. Ethnopharmacol. 121, 343-359.

Andary, C., Motte-Florac, M., Gargadennec, A., Wylde, R., Heitz, A., 1988. Les esters cafeiques du genere Plantago. Identification et valeur chimiotaxinomique. Plant. Med. Phytot. 22, 17-22.

Andrzejewska-Golec, E., Swiatek, L., 1984. Badania chemotaxonomic zerodzaju Plantago, I. analiza frakliza irididow. Herba Pol. 30, 9-16.

Andrzejewska-Golec, E., Swiatek, L., 1986. Badania chemotaksonomiczne rodzaju Plantago II. analiza frakcji fenolokwasow. Herba Pol. 32, 19-31.

Andrzejewska-Golec, E., Ofterdinger-Daegel, S., Calis, I., Światek, L., 1993. Chemotaxonomic aspects of iridoids occurring in Plantago subg. Psyllium (Plantaginaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 185, 85-89.

Andrzejewska-Golec, E., 1995. The occurrence of iridoids in plants. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 64, 181-186.

Andrzejewska-Golec, E., 1997. Taxonomic aspects of the iridoid glucosides occurring in the genus Plantago L. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 66, 201-205.

Blumenthal, M., Busse, W.R. (Eds.) 1998. The Complete German Commission E Monographs-Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines, American Botanical Council in Cooperation with Integrative Medicine Communications, Boston, MA, 107-123.

Chang, I.M., Park, Y.C., Yun, H.S., 1982. Inhibition of ribonucleic acid biosynthesis in leukemia SN 36 cells in vitro by aucubin. Korean Biochem. J. 15, 200-204.

Chang, I.M., 1998. Liver-protective activities of aucubin derived from traditional oriental medicine. Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol,102,189-204.

Calucci, L., Capocchi, A., Galleschi, L., Ghiringhelli, S., Pinzino, C., Saviozzi, F., Zandomeneghi, M., 2004. Antioxidants, free radicals, storage proteins, puroindolines, and proteolytic activities in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds during accelerated aging. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 4274-4281.

Circosta, C., Occhiuto, F., Ragusa, S., Trovata, A., Tumino, G., Briguglio, F., de Pasquale, A. 1984. A drug used in tradition medicine: Harpagophytum procumbens DC. II. Cardiovascular activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 11, 259-274.

Damtoft, S., Falkesgaard, E., Jensen, S.R., 1994. Iridoid glucosides from Plantago hookeriana. Phytochemistry 35, 1367-1368.

Decaisne, J., Plantaginaceae 1852. In: Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. 13 (De Candolle A., Ed.), Paris, p. 1.

Demmig-Adams, B., Adams III, W.W., 1996. The role of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in the protection of photosynthesis. Trends Plant Sci. 1, 21-26.

Dewey, D.R., Lu, K.H., 1959. A correlation and path analysis of components of crested wheat seed production. Agron. J. 51, 515-518.

FAO (2003). The State of World Food Insecurity, Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/j0083e/j0083e00.HTM.

Fons, F., Gargadennec, A., Gueiffier, A., Roussel, J.L., Andary, C., 1998. Effects of cinnamic acid on polyphenol production in Plantago lanceolata. Phytochemistry 49, 697-702.

Franco, A.C., Matsubara, S., Orthen, B., 2007. Photoinhibition, carotenoid composition and the co-regulation of photochemical and non-photochemical quenching in neotropical savanna trees. Tree Physiol. 27, 717-725.

Gonçalves, S., Romano, A., 2016. The medicinal potential of plants from the genus Plantago (Plantaginaceae). Ind. Crops Prod. 83, 213-226.

Gorenflot, R., Bourdu, R., 1962. Criteres biochimiques et taxonomie experimentale du genere Plantago. Rev. Cytol. Biol. Ve´getales 25, 349-360.

Handjieva, N., Taskova, R., Popov, S., 1993. 10-Hydroxymajoroside, an iridoid glucoside from Plantago cornuti Gouan. Z. Naturforsch. 48c, 827-829.

Harms, H., Reiche, K. Plantaginaceae 1895. In: Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, IV 3b (Engler A. and Prantl K., Eds.), Engelmann Publ., Leipzig.

Harrison, E.H., 2005. Mechanisms of digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A, Annu. Rev. Nutr. 25, 7-103.

Havaux, M., Niyogi, K.K., 1999. The violaxanthin cycle protects plants from photooxidative damage by more than one mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 8762-8767.

Inouye, H., Nishimura, H., Kanomi, A., Okuda, T., Puff, C.H., 1988. Chemotaxonomic studies of rubiaceous plants containing iridoid glycosides. Phytochemistry 27, 2591-2598.

Ishiguro, K., Yamaki, M., Takagi, S., 1983. Studies on iridoid-related compounds, II. The structure and antimicrobial activity of aglucones and gardenoside. J. Nat. Prod.46,532-536.

Janković, T., Menković, N., Zdunić, G., Beara, I., Balog, K., Šavikin, K., Mimica-Dukić, N., 2010. Quantitative determination of aucubin in seven Plantago species using HPLC, HPTLC, and LC-ESIMS Methods. Anal. Lett. 43, 2487-2495.

Jensen, H.F.W., Jensen, S.R., Nielsen, B.J., 1988. Chemotaxonomy of the Acanthaceae. Iridoids and quaternary amines. Phytochemistry 27, 2581-2589.

Jensen, S.R., Olsen, C.A., Rahn, K., Rasmussen, J.H., 1996. Iridoid glucosides in Plantago alpina and P.altissima. Phytochemistry 42, 1633-1636.

Junior, P., 1990. Recent developments in the isolation and structure elucidation of natural occurring iridoid compound. Planta Med. 56, 1-13.

Kawashty, S., Gamal-El-Din, E., Abdalla, M., Saleh, N., 1994. Flavonoids of Plantago species in Egypt. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 22, 729-733.

Khanna, K.R., Shukla, S., 1989. Gene action in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 59, 124-126.

Kuzmanov, B., Evstatieva, L., Marekov, N., Popov, S., 1984. Chemosystematic study on genus Plantago L. Fitologia. 24, 29-34

Lal, R.K., Gupta, M.M, Verma, R.K., Gupta, P., Sarkar, S., Singh, S., 2014. Genetic associations and path analysis of economic traits in Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium Vis.). J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants. 20, 92-101.

Lal, R.K., Sharma, J.R., Mishra, H.O., 1998. Registration of new genotypes and cultivars. Development of a new variety Niharika of isabgol (P. ovata). J. Med. Aromat. Plants Sci. 20(2), 421-422.

Lal, R.K., Singh, N., Mishra, H.O., Sharma. J.R., Bahl, J.R., Shasany, A.K., Khanuja, S.P.S., 2004. Early maturing, high yielding psyllium (Plantago ovata F) variety Mayuri with maturity marker. US PP17505 P3.

Li, Y., Kamo, S., Metori, K., Koike, K., Che, Q.M., Takahashi, S., 2000. The promoting effect of eucommiol from Eucommiae cortex on collagen synthesis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 23,54-59.

Lin, C.C., Kan, W.S., 1990. Medicinal plants used for the treatment of hepatitis in Taiwan. Am. J. Chin. Med. 18, 35-43.

Lutterodt, H., Cheng, Z., 2008. Beneficial health properties of psyllium and approaches to improve its functionalities Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 55, 193-220.

Marchesan, M., Paper, D. H., Hose, S., Franz, G., 1998. Investigation of the antiinflammatory activity of liquid extracts of Plantago lanceolata L. Phytother. Res. 12 (Suppl. 1), S33-S34.

McNulty, H.P., Byun, J., Lockwood, S.F., Jacob, R.F., Mason, R.P., 2007. Differential effects of carotenoids on lipid peroxidation due to membrane interactions: X-ray diffraction analysis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1768, 167-174.

Melse-Boonstra, A., Vossenaar, M., Van Loo-Bouwman, C., Kraemer, K., De Pee, S., West, K.P., Russell, R.M., Solomons, N.W., 2017. Dietary vitamin A intake recommendations revisited: Global confusion requires alignment of the units of conversion and expression. Public Health Nutr. 20(11), 1903-1906.

de Souza Mesquita, L.M., Colpo, K.D., da Rocha, C.Q., Gatte-Picchi, D., Tangerina, M.M.P.,  Zachello-Nunes, B., Martins, M.B.G., Vilegas, W., 2017.Anatomical differentiation and metabolomic profiling: a tool in the diagnostic characterization of some medicinal Plantago species. Braz. J. Bot. 40(3), 801-810.

Miyagoshi, M., Amagaya, S., Ogihara, Y. 1988. Choleretic actions of iridoid compounds. J. Pharmacobiodyn. 11, 186-190.

Müller, A.A., Kufer, J.K., Dietl, K.G., Reiter, S.A., Grau, J., Weigend, M., 1999. Iridoid glucosides-chemotaxonomic markers in Loasoideae. Phytochemistry 52, 67-78.

Othman, R., Zaifuddin, F.A.M., Hassan, N.M., 2017. Characterisation of carotenoid and total retinol equivalent content in Ulam and medicinal species as alternative food intervention to combat vitamin A deficiency. J. Pharm. Nutr. Sci. 7(3), 81-87.

Panse, V.G., Sukhatme, P.V., 1967. Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers, 2^nd Ed. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.

Park, H., Kreunen, S.S., Cuttriss, A.J., DellaPenna, D., Pogson, B.J., 2002. Identification of the carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body formation, and photomorphogenesis. Plant Cell. 14, 321-332.

Pilger, R., 1937. Plantaginaceae. In: Engler A, Ed. Das Pflanzenreich, IV 269 (102, heft). Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann.

Pogson, B.J., Niyogi, K.K., Bjorkman, O., DellaPenna, D., 1998. Altered xanthophylls compositions adversely affect chlorophyll accumulation and nonphotochemical quenching in Arabidopsis mutants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 13324-13329.

Rahn, K., 1996. A phylogenetic study of the Plantaginaceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120, 145-198.

Rischer, M., Adamczyk, M., Ratz, H., Hose, S., Marchesan, M., Paper, D. H., Franz, G., Wolf-Heuss, E., Engel, J., 1998. Quantitative determination of the iridoid glycosides aucubin and catalpol in Plantago lanceolata L. extracts by HPTLC and HPLC. J. Planar Chromatogr. 11, 374-378.

Ronsted, N., Göbel, E., Franzyk, H., Jensen, S.R., Olsen, C.E., 2000. Chemotaxonomy of Plantago. iridoid glucosides and caffeoyl phenylethanoid glucosides. Phytochemistry 55, 337-348.

Samuelsen, A.B., 2000. The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. a review. J. Ethnopharmacol., 71, 1-21.

Singh, R.K., Chaudhary, B.D., 1979. Variance and Covariance Analysis. Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis. Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi, India, pp. 57.

Singh, S.P., 1988. Genetic divergence over environments in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides). Genet. Agr. 42, 35-41.

Smith, M.A., Zhang, H., Purves, R.W., 2014. Identification and distribution of oxygenated fatty acids in Plantago seed lipids. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 91, 1313-1322.

Suomi, J., Siren, H., Hartonen, K., Riekkola, M.-L., 2000. Extraction of iridoid glycosides and their determination by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 868, 73-83.

Taskova, R., Evstatieva, L., Handjieva, N., Popov, S., 2002. Iridoid patterns of genus Plantago L., and their systematic significance. Z. Naturforsch. 57c, 42-50.

Tomas-Barberan, F., Grayer-Barkmaijer, R., Gil, M., Harborne, J., 1988. Distribution of 6-hydroxy-, 6-methoxy- and 8-hydroxyflavone glycosides in the Labiatae, the Scrophulariaceae and related families. Phytochemistry 27, 2631-2645.

Wichtl, M., 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals (2nd Ed.). Stuttgart, Medpharm.