An Investigation of the Relationship between the BRICS and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Subject Areas : Iranian Political ResearchArezoo Kheradmandan 1 , Bahram Yousefi 2 , Roohollah Shahabi 3 , Shiva Jalalpoor 4
1 - PhD. Student, Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
Keywords: Global Economy, Foreign policy, BRICS, Political Economy, National interests, Islamic Republic of Iran, foreign relations,
Abstract :
The purpose of the present study is to explain the relationship between the BRICS members and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that the relation between BRICS and the Islamic Republic of Iran is defined within the framework of foreign relations between Iran and the BRICS nations. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results show that although the BRICS is against the U.S unilateralism, it does not seem to have sufficient resources or be able to moderate the effects of U.S sanctions against Iran as much as it is expected. Among the BRICS states, Russia indirectly benefits from the U.S sanctions against Iran as Iran’s failure to produce more natural gas as well as its financial and technological failures to complete energy projects in near future would lead to a regional and global market in favor of Russia and to the detriment of Iran. On the other hand, the BRICS members have long-term plans to prevent the U.S unilateralism while they have not cut their political-economic relations with the U.S and have not challenged the structure of the international system. According to the approach of constructivism, the leaders ought to observe the norms of international structure in order to gain more benefit for their country as the constructivists hold that the countries’ foreign policy and their close relations in the international level take a serious form in terms of their common approaches. It is evident that the BRICS members take this fact into account and thereby they would not get into an ideological fight with the U.S in the international arena. Therefore, the relations with the BRICS countries would have no extreme and ideal effect on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
ایزدی، جهانبخش؛ مطهری خوشینانی، مصطفی (1394). ائتلاف ناتمام بریکس و نسبت آن با جمهوری اسلامی ایران. مطالعات روابط بین الملل، 8(31)، ص 41-68.
دانشور محمدزادگان، فاطمه؛ میری کلاه کج، فاطمه؛ شفیع‌زاده برمی، سمانه (1396). اهمیت و کارکردهای دیپلماسی اقتصادی در روابط خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و کشورهای بریکس. در: همایش بین‌المللی حقوق علوم سیاسی و معارف اسلامی، قرچک.
دهقانی فیروزآبادی، سید جلال (1388). منابع ملی سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران.سیاست، 39(3).
ضیایی، محمدعلی (1395). اهمیت و جایگاه گروه بریکس در سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی.
فلاح، مهرداد (1394). الحاق جمهوری اسلامی ایران به گروه بریکس و برون‌رفت از چالش‌های سیاست خارجی. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران.
موسوی شفائی، مسعود؛ دارابی، گلتاب (1390). اهداف و ابعاد دیپلماسی انرژی چین. روابط خارجی، شماره 12، ص53 - 80.
Arefmanesh , S. (2017). BRICS Accounts for One-Third of Iran’s Non-Oil Trade. Financial Tribune Daily.
Babb, S. (2013). The Washington Consensus as Transnational Policy Paradigm: Its Origins, Trajectory and Likely Successor. Review of International Political Economy, 20(2), P.268–297. Doi: 10.1080/09692290.2011.640435.
Bilgin, P. (2008).Thinking Past Western IR?. Third World Quarterly, 29(1), P.5–23.
Doi: 10.1080/01436590701726392.
Campbell, J. (2019). Shedding Light on the Iran-South Africa Relationship. ForeignAffairs. Available At: https://www.cfr.org/blog/shedding-light-iran-south-africa-relationship.
Daddow, O. (2019). GlobalBritain: the discursive construction of Britain’s post-Brexit world role. Global Affairs, 5(1), P. 5-22, DOI: 10.1080/23340460.2019.1599297.
Dawn.com (4 December 2016). Iran offers to mediate between Pakistan and India. dawn.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. Available at: https://www.dawn.com/news/1300336.
Khorramshad, M. & Seifi, A. (2019). BRICS and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal: political and international science and Research, 11(40), P.45- 68.
Lissardy ,G. (13 Jan 2020). La gran paradoja de las relaciones de Irán con América Latina. BBC World. Retrieved Tuesday, January 14, 2020. Available at:
https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-51086716.
Saeidi, R. ; Saeidi, K. & Dehghani, A. (2014). Feasibility of Establishing Preferential Trade Agreement with Iran and Countries of Brics. journal of economic research and policies,spring, 22(69).
Siddiqui, R. (2020).Why India needs to re-think its Iranian foreign policy. The Times of India, Available at: https://b2n.ir/837761.
Sokolov, A. & et al. (2019). Quantitative analysis for a better-focused international STI collaboration policy: A case of BRICS. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 147, P.221-242.
Valizadeh, A. & Houshialsadat, S.M. (2013) Iran and the BRICS: The Energy Factor. Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, 2(14), P. 135 - 164.
Viotti, P.R. & Kauppi, M.V. (2019). International Relations Theory. University of Denver.
Vom Hau, M. ; Scott, J. & Hulme, D. (2012). Beyond the BRICs: Alternative Strategies of Influence in the Global Politics of Development. Eur J Dev Res, 24, P. 187–204.
https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2012.6
Voswinkel, J. (2019). Russia and Iran: Foreign policy as a balancing act. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung.
Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what states, make of it. International organization, 20(1).
_||_Arefmanesh, S. (2017). BRICS Accounts for One-Third of Iran’s Non-Oil Trade. Financial Tribune Daily.
Babb, S. (2013). The Washington Consensus as Transnational Policy Paradigm: Its Origins, Trajectory and Likely Successor. Review of International Political Economy, 20(2), P.268–297. Doi:10.1080/09692290.2011.640435.
Bilgin, P. (2008).Thinking Past Western IR?. Third World Quarterly, 29(1), P.5–23.
Doi: 10.1080/01436590701726392.
Campbell, J. (2019). Shedding Light on the Iran-South Africa Relationship. ForeignAffairs. Available At: https://www.cfr.org/blog/shedding-light-iran-south-africa-relationship.
Daddow, O. (2019). GlobalBritain: the discursive construction of Britain’s post-Brexit world role. Global Affairs, 5(1), P. 5-22, DOI: 10.1080/23340460.2019.1599297.
Daneshvar Mohammadzadegan, F. ; Miri Kolah Kaj, F. & Shafizadeh Barmi, S. (2017). The importance and functions of economic diplomacy in the foreign relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the BRICS countries. In: International Conference on Political Science Law and Islamic Education, Qarchak. [In Persian]
Dawn.com (4 December 2016). Iran offers to mediate between Pakistan and India. dawn.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. Available at: https://www.dawn.com/news/1300336.
Dehghani Firoozabadi, S.J. (2009). National Resources of Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Politics, 39(3). [In Persian]
Fallah, M. (2015). The accession of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the BRICS group and the exit from foreign policy challenges. Master Thesis, Department of Political Science, University of Mazandaran. [In Persian]
Izadi, J. & Motahari Khoshinani, M. (2015). The unfinished BRICS alliance and its relationship with the Islamic Republic of Iran. International Relations Studies, 8 (31), P. 41-68. [In Persian]
Khorramshad, M. & Seifi, A. (2019). BRICS and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal: political and international science and Research, 11(40), P.45- 68.
Lissardy, G. (13 Jan 2020). La gran paradoja de las relaciones de Irán con América Latina. BBC World. Retrieved Tuesday, January 14, 2020. Available at:
https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-51086716.
Mousavi Shafaei, M. & Darabi, G. (2011). Objectives and dimensions of Chinese energy diplomacy. Foreign Relations, No. 12, P. 53-80. [In Persian]
Saeidi, R. ; Saeidi, K. & Dehghani, A. (2014). Feasibility of Establishing Preferential Trade Agreement with Iran and Countries of Brics. journal of economic research and policies,spring, 22(69).
Siddiqui, R. (2020).Why India needs to re-think its Iranian foreign policy. The Times of India, Available at: https://b2n.ir/837761.
Sokolov, A. & et al. (2019). Quantitative analysis for a better-focused international STI collaboration policy: A case of BRICS. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 147, P.221-242.
Valizadeh, A. & Houshialsadat, S.M. (2013). Iran and the BRICS: The Energy Factor. Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, 2(14), P. 135 - 164.
Viotti, P.R. & Kauppi, M.V. (2019). International Relations Theory. University of Denver.
Vom Hau, M. ; Scott, J. & Hulme, D. (2012). Beyond the BRICs: Alternative Strategies of Influence in the Global Politics of Development. Eur J Dev Res, 24, P. 187–204.
https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2012.6.
Voswinkel, J. (2019) Russia and Iran: Foreign policy as a balancing act. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung.
Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what states, make of it. International organization, 20(1).
Ziaee, M.A. (2016). The importance and position of the BRICS group in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Master Thesis, Department of Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch. [In Persian]