Effect of exogenous abscisic acid and cytokinin on wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Subject Areas : crop production

سیف الله کیا چهارباغي ¹

1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، واحد كرج، دانش آموخته كارشناسي ارشد زراعت، كرج، ايران

Received: 2010-08-21 Accepted : 2011-09-16 Published : 2011-01-08

Keywords: Spike emergence , Grain Yield, Plant growth regulators, Sink, Wheat ,

Abstract :

CK and ABA not only regulate the process of senescence, but also have major roles in the formation of sink and source strength capacity. This study carried out to determine effect of exogenous application of ck and ABA(100Mm ) at the 9 levels : 1 - Control, 2 - CK at the time of appearance, 3 - CK 14 days after its spike emergence 4 - ABA at the time of appearance 5 - ABA 14 days after its spike emergence, 6 - CK at the time of appearance and ABA 14 days after its spike emergence, 7 - ABA at the time of appearance and CK 14 days after its spike emergence, 8 - ABA at the time of 1 and 14 days after its spike emergence, 9 - CK at the time of 1 and 14 days after its spike emergence , on some aspects in different steps of wheat growth in using a Randomized complete Block design(RCBD) with three replications in experimental field of Islamic Azad university of Karaj branch in growing season 1387- 88. Results showed that when these plant growth regulators applied at different stages of spike appearance and 14 days after its spike emergence , grain yield, harvest index (HI), 1000 grain weight, were meaning fully influenced by the exogenous application of the two regulators. The highest grain yield (738.09 gr/m2) one related to exogenous application of CK at the time of spike emergence . The highest hardest index and number grain spike is related to the exogenous application of CK at both time ( 1 and 2 ). the highest 1000 grain weight is related to the exogenous application of CK at the time of appearance and ABA 14 days after its spike emergence respectively. The results of the study showed that exogenous application of CK at cell division and ABA at grain filling on stage in grain growth phase may significantly improve grain yield.

References:

 Boonjung H. and S. Fukai. 1996. Effects of soil water deficit at different growth stages on rice growth and yield under upland conditions: Phenology, biomass production and yield. Field Crops Res 48: 47–55
 Brenner M.L. and N. Cheikh. 1995. The role of hormones in photosynthate partitioning and seed filling. In: Davies P.J.(eds) , Plant Hormones. Kluwer Academic Publishers, the Nether- lands, pp.649-670.
 Davis, T.D., and E.A. Curry. 1991. Chemical regulation of vegetative growth. Plant Sci. 10: 151-165.
 Eradatmand-Asli, D. and I. S. Dua. 2008a. Cytokinins contents and dry matter accumulation at different position and types of grains within a spike of wheat. In: R. Appels, R. Eastwood, E. Lagudah, P. Langridge and M. Mackay Lynne(eds.). The Proceedings of the 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium. Brisbame, Astralia. 45: 227-244.
 Koch, K. 2004. Sucrose metabolism: regulatory mechanisms and pivotal roles in sugar sensing and plant development. Current Opinion. Plant Biol. 7: 235–246.
 Lenoble, M. E., W. G. Spollen and R. E. Sharp. 2004. Maintenance of shoot growth by endogenous ABA: genetic assessment of the involvement of ethylene suppression. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 237-254.
 Liang J.S., Cao X.Z. and Zhu Q.S. 1996. ABA may involve in the regulation of grain filling in water stressed rice. Chinese J.rice Sci. 10:29-36
 Michael, G. and H. Seiler- Kelbitsch. 1972. Cytokining content and Kermel size of barely grain as affected by environmental and genetic factors. Crop Sci. 12:162-165.
 Morris R.D., Blevins D.G., Dietrich J.T., Durly R.C.,Gelvin S.B., Gray J., Hommes N.G., Kaminek M., Mathews L.J., Meilan R., Reinbott T.M. and L. Sagavendra-Soto. 1993. Cytokinins in plant pathogenic bacteria and developing cereal grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 20:621-637.
 Nooden, L. D. 1988. Abscisic acid, auxin, and other regulators of senescence. In: Nooden L. and Leopold A.(eds) , Senescence and Aging in Plants. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 329-368.
 Peltonen J. and E. Nissila. 1996. Pre- and Postanthesis duration of two-rowed barleys in relation to stability of grain yield at high latitudes. Hereditas 124:217-222.
 Pospisilova, J., M. Vagner, J. Malbeck, A. Travnickova and P. Batkova. 2005. Interactions between abscisic acid and cytokinin during water stress and subsequent rehydration. Biologia Planta. 49: 533-540.
 Rajala, A., and P. Peltonen-Sainio. 2001. Plant growth regulator effects on spring cereal root and shoot growth. Agron. J. 93:936-943.
 Roitsch, T. and R. Ehneb. 2000. Regulation of source/sink relations by Cytokinins. Plant Growth Regulators. 32: 359-367.
 Saeidi, M., F. Moradi, A. Ahmadi, K. Poostini and G. Najafian. 2006. Effect of exogenous application of ABA and CK at different stages of grain development on some physiological aspects of source and sink relationship in two bread wheat cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. Vol. 8, No. 3, pp 268-282.(In Persian).
 Smart, C. M. 1994. Gene expression during leaf senescence. Transley Review New Phytologist 126: 419-448.
 Weber, H., U. Heim, S. Golombek, L. Borisjuk and U. Wobus. 1998. Assimilate uptake and the regulation of seed development.Seed Sci. Res. 8: 331-345.
 Wingler, A., A. Scahewen, C. L. Richard, J. Peter and W.L. Paul-Quic.1998. Regulation of leaf senescence by cytokinin, sugars and light. Plant Physiol. 116: 329-335.
 Xie, Z., D. Jiang, T. Dai and W. Cao. 2004. Effect of exogenous ABA and cytokinin on leaf photosynthesis protein accumulation in wheat ears cultured in vitro. Plant Growth Regul. 44: 25-32. water stress during grain gilling. Plant Physiol. 127: 315–32.
 Yang J., Zhang J., Wang Z., Liu L. and Q. Zhu. 2003. Postanthesis water deficits enhance grain filling in two-line hybrid rice. Crop Science 43:2099-2108.
 Yang, J., J. Zhang, Z. Wang and Q. Zhu. 2003. Hormones in the grains in relation to sink strength and development of spikelets in rice. Plant Growth Regulators. 41: 185-195.
 Yang, J., J. Zhang, Z. Wang, Q. Zhu and L. Liu. 2002. Abscisic acid and Cytokinins in the root exudates and leaves and their relationship to senescence and remobilization of carbon reserves in rice subjected to water stress during grain filling. Planta. 215: 645-652.
 Yang, J., J. Zhang, Z. Wang, Q. Zhu and W. Wang. 2001. Hormonal changes in the grains of rice subjected to water stress during grain gilling. Plant Physiol. 127: 315–323.
 Zang, X. , T. Wang and C. Li. 2005. Different responses of two contrasting wheat genotypes to abscisic acid application. Biologia Planta. 49:613-616.