A study and Survey on Linguistic and Historical Approaches in Western Quran Studying
Subject Areas : Quarterly Sabzevaran Fadak
Hassan Ahmadi Zadeh
1
(Assistant Professor, Religions & Philosophy Faculty, Kashan University)
Keywords: نگارش, متن مقدس, قداستبخشی, اصالت قرآن, لوکسنبورگ, Quran originality, Holy text, Composing, Luxenberg,
Abstract :
Since mid – twentieth century, orientalists stepped toward new way which were mostly affected by analytical thoughts of linguistics and theology followers about civilizations and eastern religions specifically Islam. In the recent decades various scholars in west have started new researches in the field of Quran history, originality and contention by critical approach. The new approach was propounded seriously by publishing some German Quran researchers specifically Christoph Luxenberg which was followed by various subjective ideas in west. The scientific basis of orientalists' researches about Holy Quran is the cognitive principal and modern language in hermeneutics and linguistics. The author of the present research attempts to study the most important and common works which are discussed in Quran studies in west these days and evaluates western Quran researchers' analysis and the possible shortages and challenges.
Books
A.Geiger, Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen, Bonn: F. Baaden, 1833.
B. Gruendler, The Development of the Arabic Scripts, Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1993.
C.C. Torrey, The Jewish Foundation of Islam, New York: Jewish Institute of Religion, 1933.
C. Rabin, “Islam and the Qumran Sect,” in his Qumran Studies, New York: Oxford University Press, 1957.
Crone, P. and M. Cook. Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
G. Lüling, A Challenge to Islam for Reformation, Delhi: Molital Banarsidass, 2003.
G. Lüling, Die Wiederentdeckung des Propheten Muhammad, Erlangen: Lüling, 1981.
G. S. Reynolds, The Quran in it's Historical Context, Routledge, 2008.
G.R. Hawting, The Idea of Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam. From Polemic to History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Ibn Warraq, The Origin of the Koran, Amherst: Prometheus, 1998.
Ibn Warraq, What the Koran Really Says, Amherst: Prometheus, 2002.
J. Burton, The Collection of the Qur’an, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1977.
J. Wansbrough, Qur’anic Studies, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.
K. Armstrong, Muhammad, HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
K. Vollers, Volkssprache und Schriftsprache im alten Arabien, Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, 1906.
M. Donner, “Modern Nationalism and Medieval Islamic History,” Al-‘Usur al-Wusta 13, 2001.
N. Abbott, The Rise of the North Arabic Script and Its uur’anic Development, with a Full Description of the Uuran Manuscripts in the Oriental Institute, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1939.
P. Crone and M. Cook, Hagarism. The Making of the Islamic World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
R. Bell, The Origin of Islam in its Christian Environment, London: Macmillan, 1926.
R. Blachère, Introduction au Coran, Paris: G.P. Maisonneuve, 1947.
Rippin, “Literary Analysis"
W.M. Watt, Muhammad at Mecca, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953.
W.M. Watt, Muhammad at Medina, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956.
Articles:
A. Rippin, “Literary analysis of Qur’an, Tafsir, and Sira: The methodologies of John Wansbrough,” in R.C. Martin (ed.), Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1985.
J.A. Bellamy, “Two pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions revised: Jabal Ramm and Umm al-Jimal,” JAOS 108, 1988, 369–78.
J.A. Bellamy, “A new reading of the Namarah inscription,” JAOS 105, 1985, 31–48.
J.A. Bellamy, “Some proposed emendations to the text of the Koran,” JAOS 113, 1993, 562–73.
J.A. Bellamy, “More proposed emendations to the text of the Koran,” JAOS 116, 1996, 196–204.
J.A. Bellamy, “Textual criticism of the Koran,” JAOS 121, 2001, 1–6.
Muhammad Abu l-Faraj al-’Ushsh, “Kitabat ‘arabiyya ghayr manshura fi jabal Usays,” al-Abhath 17, 1964, 227–316.
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Books
A.Geiger, Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen, Bonn: F. Baaden, 1833.
B. Gruendler, The Development of the Arabic Scripts, Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1993.
C.C. Torrey, The Jewish Foundation of Islam, New York: Jewish Institute of Religion, 1933.
C. Rabin, “Islam and the Qumran Sect,” in his Qumran Studies, New York: Oxford University Press, 1957.
Crone, P. and M. Cook. Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
G. Lüling, A Challenge to Islam for Reformation, Delhi: Molital Banarsidass, 2003.
G. Lüling, Die Wiederentdeckung des Propheten Muhammad, Erlangen: Lüling, 1981.
G. S. Reynolds, The Quran in it's Historical Context, Routledge, 2008.
G.R. Hawting, The Idea of Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam. From Polemic to History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Ibn Warraq, The Origin of the Koran, Amherst: Prometheus, 1998.
Ibn Warraq, What the Koran Really Says, Amherst: Prometheus, 2002.
J. Burton, The Collection of the Qur’an, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1977.
J. Wansbrough, Qur’anic Studies, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.
K. Armstrong, Muhammad, HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
K. Vollers, Volkssprache und Schriftsprache im alten Arabien, Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, 1906.
M. Donner, “Modern Nationalism and Medieval Islamic History,” Al-‘Usur al-Wusta 13, 2001.
N. Abbott, The Rise of the North Arabic Script and Its uur’anic Development, with a Full Description of the Uuran Manuscripts in the Oriental Institute, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1939.
P. Crone and M. Cook, Hagarism. The Making of the Islamic World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
R. Bell, The Origin of Islam in its Christian Environment, London: Macmillan, 1926.
R. Blachère, Introduction au Coran, Paris: G.P. Maisonneuve, 1947.
Rippin, “Literary Analysis"
W.M. Watt, Muhammad at Mecca, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953.
W.M. Watt, Muhammad at Medina, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956.
Articles:
A. Rippin, “Literary analysis of Qur’an, Tafsir, and Sira: The methodologies of John Wansbrough,” in R.C. Martin (ed.), Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1985.
J.A. Bellamy, “Two pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions revised: Jabal Ramm and Umm al-Jimal,” JAOS 108, 1988, 369–78.
J.A. Bellamy, “A new reading of the Namarah inscription,” JAOS 105, 1985, 31–48.
J.A. Bellamy, “Some proposed emendations to the text of the Koran,” JAOS 113, 1993, 562–73.
J.A. Bellamy, “More proposed emendations to the text of the Koran,” JAOS 116, 1996, 196–204.
J.A. Bellamy, “Textual criticism of the Koran,” JAOS 121, 2001, 1–6.
Muhammad Abu l-Faraj al-’Ushsh, “Kitabat ‘arabiyya ghayr manshura fi jabal Usays,” al-Abhath 17, 1964, 227–316.