The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with stevia herbal supplement on heart tissue structure in obese rats
Subject Areas :
Zahra Akbari
1
,
Asieh Abbassi Daloii
2
,
Ahmad Abdi
3
,
Seyed Javad Ziaolhagh
4
1 - PhD in Exercise physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
2 - Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
3 - Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
4 - 4- Assistant Professor in Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran
Received: 2021-11-03
Accepted : 2022-02-26
Published : 2023-04-21
Keywords:
Obesity,
Heart tissue,
Stevia,
Rats,
Exercise,
Abstract :
Background & Aim: Understanding how aerobic exercise with herbal supplements can cause structural changes in the heart could lead to the development of new treatments to improve heart health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with stevia herbal supplement on heart tissue structure in obese rats. Materials and Methods: To implementation of this experimental research, 25 male wistar rats (5 healthy adult rats and 20 adults’ obese male rats) were divided into five groups: control (healthy), obese, obese-garlic, obese-aerobic training and obese-garlic. Aerobic training was performed. Aerobic exercise was performed on treadmill, 5 days week for eight weeks. The dose of stevia was 250 mg per kilogram of body weight in gavage. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed and heart tissue was removed. Cardiac tissue sections were studied by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The changes of heart tissue, Muscle cells, necrosis, inflammation and hyperemia were assessed, the severity and degree of these changes were performed based on microscopic and photomicrographs observations.Results: The results showed that in obese rat’s pathological changes of heart muscle and heart cells were observed in comparison with the control group. Aerobic training, consumption of stevia herbal supplement and aerobic training with consumption of stevia herbal supplement were associated with improvement of tissue and cellular changes in heart tissue.Conclusion: the present intervention can probably have benefits for the structure of heart tissue during obesity.
References:
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Aurigemma GP, de Simone G, Fitzgibbons TP. Cardiac remodeling in obesity. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6(1):142-52.
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Csige I, Ujvárosy D, Szabó Z, Lőrincz I, Paragh G, Harangi M, Somodi S. The Impact of Obesity on the Cardiovascular System. J Diabetes Res. 2018; 2018:3407306.
Bernardo BC, Weeks KL, Pretorius L, McMullen JR. Molecular distinction between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy: experimental findings and therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;128(1):191-227.
Chin CWL, Everett RJ, Kwiecinski J, Vesey AT, Yeung E, Esson G, et al. Myocardial Fibrosis and Cardiac Decompensation in Aortic Stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10(11):1320-1333.
Oláh A, Németh BT, Mátyás C, Hidi L, Lux Á, Ruppert M, et al. Physiological and pathological left ventricular hypertrophy of comparable degree is associated with characteristic differences of in vivo hemodynamics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2016;310(5):H587-97
Platt C, Houstis N, Rosenzweig A. Using exercise to measure and modify cardiac function. Cell Metab. 2015;21(2):227-236.
Gayda M, Ribeiro PA, Juneau M, Nigam A. Comparison of Different Forms of Exercise Training in Patients With Cardiac Disease: Where Does High-Intensity Interval Training Fit? Can J Cardiol. 2016;32(4):485-94.
Gąsiorowski A, Dutkiewicz J. Comprehensive rehabilitation in chronic heart failure. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(3):606-12
Xiao J, Xu T, Li J, Lv D, Chen P, Zhou Q, et al. Exercise-induced physiological hypertrophy initiates activation of cardiac progenitor cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7(2):663-9.
Tsai HH, Lin CP, Lin YH, Hsu CC, Wang JS. High-intensity Interval training enhances mobilization/functionality of endothelial progenitor cells and depressed shedding of vascular endothelial cells undergoing hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(11-12):2375-2388.
Calvert JW, Condit ME, Aragón JP, Nicholson CK, Moody BF, Hood RL, et al. Exercise protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via stimulation of β(3)-adrenergic receptors and increased nitric oxide signaling: role of nitrite and nitrosothiols. Circ Res. 2011;108(12):1448-58.
Vujic A, Lerchenmüller C, Wu TD, Guillermier C, Rabolli CP, Gonzalez E, et al. Exercise induces new cardiomyocyte generation in the adult mammalian heart. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1659.
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Arumugam B, Subramaniam A, Alagaraj P. Stevia as a Natural Sweetener: A Review. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2020;18(2):94-103.
Anton SD, Martin CK, Han H, Coulon S, Cefalu WT, Geiselman P, Williamson DA. Effects of stevia, aspartame, and sucrose on food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Appetite. 2010;55(1):37-43.
Rojas E, Bermúdez V, Motlaghzadeh Y, Mathew J, Fidilio E, Faria J, et al. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Nutr Rep. 2018; 161–170
Goyal SK, Samsher, Goyal RK. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a bio-sweetener: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2010;61(1):1-10.
Chatsudthipong V, Muanprasat C. Stevioside and related compounds: therapeutic benefits beyond sweetness. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;121(1):41-54.
Shukla S, Mehta A, Mehta P, Bajpai VK. Antioxidant ability and total phenolic content of aqueous leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2012;64(7-8):807-11.
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Sahrapour A, Akbarzadeh S, Bargahi A, Rahbar A. Evaluation of the effect of stevia on serum safety in STZ diabetic rats. thesis, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2013.
Cho DK, Choi DH, Cho JY. Effect of treadmill exercise on skeletal muscle autophagy in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. 2017;21(3):26-34.
Oliveira-Junior SA, Martinez PF, Guizoni DM, Campos DHS, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, et al. AT1 Receptor Blockade Attenuates Insulin Resistance and Myocardial Remodeling in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity. PLoS ONE 2014; 9(1): e86447.
Martins F, Campos DH, Pagan LU, Martinez PF, Okoshi K, Okoshi MP, et al. High-fat Diet Promotes Cardiac Remodeling in an Experimental Model of Obesity. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015;105(5):479-86.
Ruiz-Ruiz JC, Moguel-Ordoñez YB, Matus-Basto AJ, Segura-Campos MR. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana extracts (Var. Morita) and their incorporation into a potential functional bread. J Food Sci Technol. 2015;52(12):7894-903.
Kim IS, Yang M, Lee OH, Kang SN. The antioxidant activity and the bioactive compound content of Stevia rebaudiana water extracts. LWT—Food Science and Technology, 2011; 44(5):1328–1332.
Wang Z, Xue L, Guo C, Han B, Pan C, Zhao S, et al. Stevioside ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation by downregulating the NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012;417(4):1280-5
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Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(21):1925-32.
Aurigemma GP, de Simone G, Fitzgibbons TP. Cardiac remodeling in obesity. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6(1):142-52.
Poirier P, Giles TD, Bray GA, Hong Y, Stern JS, Pi-Sunyer FX, et al; American Heart Association; Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: an update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease from the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2006; 113(6):898-918.
Csige I, Ujvárosy D, Szabó Z, Lőrincz I, Paragh G, Harangi M, Somodi S. The Impact of Obesity on the Cardiovascular System. J Diabetes Res. 2018; 2018:3407306.
Bernardo BC, Weeks KL, Pretorius L, McMullen JR. Molecular distinction between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy: experimental findings and therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;128(1):191-227.
Chin CWL, Everett RJ, Kwiecinski J, Vesey AT, Yeung E, Esson G, et al. Myocardial Fibrosis and Cardiac Decompensation in Aortic Stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10(11):1320-1333.
Oláh A, Németh BT, Mátyás C, Hidi L, Lux Á, Ruppert M, et al. Physiological and pathological left ventricular hypertrophy of comparable degree is associated with characteristic differences of in vivo hemodynamics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2016;310(5):H587-97
Platt C, Houstis N, Rosenzweig A. Using exercise to measure and modify cardiac function. Cell Metab. 2015;21(2):227-236.
Gayda M, Ribeiro PA, Juneau M, Nigam A. Comparison of Different Forms of Exercise Training in Patients With Cardiac Disease: Where Does High-Intensity Interval Training Fit? Can J Cardiol. 2016;32(4):485-94.
Gąsiorowski A, Dutkiewicz J. Comprehensive rehabilitation in chronic heart failure. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(3):606-12
Xiao J, Xu T, Li J, Lv D, Chen P, Zhou Q, et al. Exercise-induced physiological hypertrophy initiates activation of cardiac progenitor cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7(2):663-9.
Tsai HH, Lin CP, Lin YH, Hsu CC, Wang JS. High-intensity Interval training enhances mobilization/functionality of endothelial progenitor cells and depressed shedding of vascular endothelial cells undergoing hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(11-12):2375-2388.
Calvert JW, Condit ME, Aragón JP, Nicholson CK, Moody BF, Hood RL, et al. Exercise protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via stimulation of β(3)-adrenergic receptors and increased nitric oxide signaling: role of nitrite and nitrosothiols. Circ Res. 2011;108(12):1448-58.
Vujic A, Lerchenmüller C, Wu TD, Guillermier C, Rabolli CP, Gonzalez E, et al. Exercise induces new cardiomyocyte generation in the adult mammalian heart. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1659.
Shaito A, Thuan DTB, Phu HT, Nguyen THD, Hasan H, Halabi S, Abdelhady S, Nasrallah GK, Eid AH, Pintus G. Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:422.
Arumugam B, Subramaniam A, Alagaraj P. Stevia as a Natural Sweetener: A Review. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2020;18(2):94-103.
Anton SD, Martin CK, Han H, Coulon S, Cefalu WT, Geiselman P, Williamson DA. Effects of stevia, aspartame, and sucrose on food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Appetite. 2010;55(1):37-43.
Rojas E, Bermúdez V, Motlaghzadeh Y, Mathew J, Fidilio E, Faria J, et al. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Nutr Rep. 2018; 161–170
Goyal SK, Samsher, Goyal RK. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a bio-sweetener: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2010;61(1):1-10.
Chatsudthipong V, Muanprasat C. Stevioside and related compounds: therapeutic benefits beyond sweetness. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;121(1):41-54.
Shukla S, Mehta A, Mehta P, Bajpai VK. Antioxidant ability and total phenolic content of aqueous leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2012;64(7-8):807-11.
Belaidi E, Morand J, Gras E, Pépin JL, Godin-Ribuot D. Targeting the ROS-HIF-1-endothelin axis as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-related cardiovascular complications. Pharmacol Ther. 2016;168:1-11.
Salesi M, Mehrtash M, Daryanoosh F, Tanide N. The Role of Caloric Restriction on Lipid Coat Proteins Gene Expression and Insulin Resistance after 8 Weeks High Caloric Diet in Male Rats . J Arak Uni Med Sci 2018; 21 (5) :21-31
Sahrapour A, Akbarzadeh S, Bargahi A, Rahbar A. Evaluation of the effect of stevia on serum safety in STZ diabetic rats. thesis, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2013.
Cho DK, Choi DH, Cho JY. Effect of treadmill exercise on skeletal muscle autophagy in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. 2017;21(3):26-34.
Oliveira-Junior SA, Martinez PF, Guizoni DM, Campos DHS, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, et al. AT1 Receptor Blockade Attenuates Insulin Resistance and Myocardial Remodeling in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity. PLoS ONE 2014; 9(1): e86447.
Martins F, Campos DH, Pagan LU, Martinez PF, Okoshi K, Okoshi MP, et al. High-fat Diet Promotes Cardiac Remodeling in an Experimental Model of Obesity. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015;105(5):479-86.
Ruiz-Ruiz JC, Moguel-Ordoñez YB, Matus-Basto AJ, Segura-Campos MR. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana extracts (Var. Morita) and their incorporation into a potential functional bread. J Food Sci Technol. 2015;52(12):7894-903.
Kim IS, Yang M, Lee OH, Kang SN. The antioxidant activity and the bioactive compound content of Stevia rebaudiana water extracts. LWT—Food Science and Technology, 2011; 44(5):1328–1332.
Wang Z, Xue L, Guo C, Han B, Pan C, Zhao S, et al. Stevioside ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation by downregulating the NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012;417(4):1280-5
