Effect of dietary supplemented biotronic top3 on growth indices, mucus and blood serum immunity and the expression of growth-related genes (GH, Ghrelin, IGF-1) in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)
Subject Areas :Abdulsalam Hatami 1 , Hamed Paknejad 2 , Mohammad Sudagar 3
1 - the Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 - the Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 - Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
Keywords: Gene expression, Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), biotronic top3, mucus and serum immunity, Growth indices,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was investigation of effects of biotronic top3 on some growth indices, mucus and serum immunity and expression of genes involved in growth of Persian sturgeon .240 fish (with an average weight of 104±1 g) were fed for 8 weeks under three experimental diets with different levels of biotronic top3, including: 2, 4 and 8 g / kg diet and a control group. At the end of the period, sampling was done randomly to evaluate the growth indices, mucosal and serum immunity as well as the expression of genes involved in growth.The results showed that the best growth performance and the highest expression of genes involved in growth (GH, IGF-1 and Ghrelin) were presented in the control group (P <0.05). The highest amount of alkaline phosphatase, total mucus protein and total serum protein and the lowest amount of serum alanine transaminase were presented in the treatment fed with diet containing 8 g biotronic top3 / kg of diet, which was significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). Diets containing biotronic top3 significantly increased and decreased serum lysozyme mucus and aspartate transaminase activity, respectively, which was significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in serum glucose and alkaline phosphatase levels in all treatments with the control group (P <0.05).Diet containing 8 g of biotronic top3 / kg diet, despite not having an effect on growth indices, improved the mucus and serum immunity parameters in Persian sturgeon .
منابع
1-ابراهیم نژاد، ی.، شیوآزاد، م.، ناظرعدل، ک.، مرادیشهر بابک، م. 1385. اسیدسیتریک و آنزیم فیتاز میکروبی بر عملکرد و میزان استفاده از فسفر فیتاته در جوجه های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره ذرت کنجاله سویا. مجله تحقیقات دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران. دوره 64. شماره 4. صفحه 407-413.
2-احمدپور م.، امانی ر.، حیدری ب. 1398. تغییرات شاخصهای متابولیسمی بچه ماهی سفید دریای خزر(Rutilus kutum) در مواجهه حاد و نیمه مزمن با ترکیبات نانوذرات اکسید مس و نانوکلوئید نقره. مجله علمی پژوهشی زیست‌شناسی جانوری تجربی. دوره 8. شماره 30. صفحه 51-67.
3-اصغرزاده، ص.، طاعتی، ر. 1399. ارزیابی عملکرد رشد، برخی از پارامترهای خونی و ایمنی بچه ماهی کپورمعمولی تغذیه شده با مکمل اسیدی فایر. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی محیط زیست جانوری. دوره 12. شماره 1. صفحه 269-276.
4-اکرمی، ر.، ابرهیمی، ر.، شاملوفر، م.، رزاقی منصور، م. 1393. تاثیر پروبیوتیک مانان الیگوساکارید بر عملکرد رشد، بازماندگی و مقاومت لارو ماهی قرل آلای رنگین کمان، نشریه پژوهش های ماهی شناسی کاربردی. دوره 2. شماره 3. صفحه 29-42.
5-حدیدی، س.، طاعتی، ر. 1395. تأثیر سطوح مختلف مکمل اسیدی فایر بر کارایی تغذیه و برخی از پارامترهای خونی و ایمنی ماهی اسکار تایگر(Astronotus ocellatus). مجله دامپزشکی ایران،. دوره 12. شماره 3. صفحه 32-41.
6-حسینی شکرابی، س. پ.، سیدعلی خانی، س. ب.، شمسایی مهرجان، م.، سیدالحسینی، س. ه.، منوچهری، ح. 1399. تأثیر سطوح مختلف ترکیب اسیدهای آلی خوراکی بر برخی شاخص های رشد و ترکیبات لاشه بچه ماهی کپور معمولی. مجله علمی شیلات ایران. دوره 28. شماره 4. صفحه 35-43.
7-رهنما، ب.، اکرمی، ر.، چیت ساز، ح. 1392. تأثیر پربیوتیک اینولین بر عملکرد رشد، بازماندگی، ترکیب لاشه و مقاومت در برابر استرس در ماهی قرمز حوض(gibelio auratus Carassius). فصلنامه علوم تکثیر و آبزی پروری. دوره 1. شماره 2. صفحه 70- 55.
8-سلیقه زاده، ر.، یاوری، و.، موسوی، س. م.، ذاکری، م. 1393. اثر مکمل غذایی جلبک اسپیرولینا (Spirulina platensis) بر برخی از فاکتورهای خونی، ایمنی و بیوشیمیایی سرم ماهی بنی(Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi). مجله دامپزشکی ایران. دوره10. شماره 2. صفحه 40-46.
9-سوداگر، م.، جعفری شموشکی، و.، حسینی، س. ع.، گرگین، س.، عقیلی، ک. 1387. اثر اسید آمینه های آسپارتیک و آلانین به عنوان ماده جاذب غذایی بر شاخص های رشد و بقا بچه فیل ماهیان (Huso huso). علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. دوره 15. شماره 1. صفحه 44-53.
10-ضاحی زاده، آ.، ذاکری، م.، موسوی، س. م.، کوچنین، پ.، سوری، م. 1399. اثرات سطوح مختلف مکمل خوراکی بایوترونیک تاپ 3 بر شاخص های رشد، تغذیه و ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی بدن میگوی پا سفید. شیلات مجله منابع طبیعی ایران. دوره 73. شماره 4. صفحه 515-527.
11-عشوری، ق. 1397. اثر مکمل‌سازی جیره با آلژینات سدیم با وزن مولکولی کم و پروبیوتیک Pediococcus acidilactici بر عملکرد رشد، پاسخ ایمنی غیراختصاصی، دفاع آنتی‌اکسیدانی و فلور‌میکروبی روده سی‌باس آسیایی(Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790). رساله دکتری، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، 103 صفحه.
12-علیزاده، ح.، اورجی، ح.، فلاحتکار، ب. ، عفت پناه، ا. 1397. تاثیر سطوح مختلف اسید مالیک بر رشد و ترکیب لاشه بچه تاسماهیان سیبری(Acipenser baerii). مجله علمی شیلات ایران. دوره 27. شماره 6. صفحه 1-12.
13-محمدی، ح.، منوچهری، م. 1396. بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف اسیدی فایر بایوترونیک اس.ای. فورت بر شاخص های رشد و تغذیه و ترکیبات لاشه بچه ماهی بارب حلب. فصلنامه علوم تکثیر و آبزی پروری. دوره 14. شماره 12. صفحه 55-68.
14-نکوبین، ح.، حاجی مرادلو، ع.، حسینی فر، س. ح. 1399. اثر سطوح مختلف سرکه سیب بر برخی پارامترهای سیستم ایمنی غیراختصاصی سرم خون در بچه ماهیان کپورمعمولی(Cyprinus carpio). فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی محیط زیست جانوری. شماره 3. صقحه 323-328.
15.Adil, S., Banday, T., Bhat, G. A., Mir, M. S., Rehman, M. (2010). Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance, intestinal histomorphology, and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Veterinary Medicine International, 2010; 1-7.
16.Adel, A., Yeganeh, S., Dadar, M., Sakai, M., Dawood, M.A. (2016a). Effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on growth performance, humoral and mucosal immune responses and disease resistance in juvenile great sturgeon (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754), Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 56; 436-444.
17.Ahmadifar E., Azari Takami G.H., Sudagar M. (2009). Growth performance, survival and immunostimulation, of beluga (Huso huso) juvenile following dietary administration of alginic acid (Ergosan). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(3); 227-232.
18.Ahmadniaye Motlagh, H., Sarkheil, M., Safari, O., Paolucci, M. (2020). Supplementation of dietary apple cider vinegar as an organic acidifier on the growth performance, digestive enzymes and mucosal immunity of green terror
(Andinoacara rivulatus). Aquaculture Research, 51(1); 197-205.
19.Awad, E. Austin, D., Lyndon, A.R. (2013). Effect of black cumin seed oil (Nigella sativa) and nettle extract (Quercetin) on enhancement of immunity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), Aquaculture, 388; 193-197.
20.Baruah, K., Sahu, N. P., Pal, A. K., Debnath, D., Yengkokpam, S., Mukherjee, S. C. (2007). Interactions of dietary microbial phytase, citric acid and crude protein level on mineral utilization by rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), juveniles. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 38(2); 238-249.
21.Baruah, K., Sahu, N. P., Pal, A. K., Jain, K. K., Debnath, D., Mukherjee, S. C. (2007). Dietary microbial phytase and citric acid synergistically enhances nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) juveniles at sub-optimal protein level. Aquaculture Research, 38(2); 109-120.
22.Berg, A., Hansen, T., Stefansson, S. (1992). First feeding of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) under different photoperiods. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 8(1-4); 251-256.
23.Bradford, M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72; 248-254.
24.Celik, K., Ersoy, I.E., Uzatici, A., Erturk, M. (2003). The using of organic acids in California turkey chicks and its effects on performance before pasturing. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2 (6); 448-446.
25.Di Marco, P., Priori, A., Finoia, M. G., Petochi, T., Longobardi, A., Donadelli, V. (2011). Assessment of blood chemistry reference values for cultured sturgeon hybrids (Acipenser naccarii female× Acipenser baerii male). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(2);584-590.
26.Ellis, A.E. (1987). Inhibition of the Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular protease by a-2 macroglobulin in the serum of rainbow trout. Microbial Pathogenesis, 3; 167–177.
27.El-Sayed, Y. S., Saad, T. T. (2008). Subacute intoxication of a deltamethrin‐based preparation (butox® 5% ec) in monosex Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, 102(3); 293-299.
28.El-Sayed, A. F. M., Ali, T. E. S., Eissa, M. A. R., Almisherfi, H. M. (2018). Correction to: Effects of dietary biogen and sodium butyrate on hematological parameters, immune response, and histological characteristics of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Aquaculture international, 26(1); 151-151.
29.Falahatkar, B., Poursaeid, S., Shakoorian, M., Barton, B.A. 2009 (). Responses to handling and confinement stressors in juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso. Journal of Fish Biology, 75; 784–796.
30.Harikrishnan, R., Kim, J.S., Balasundaram, C., Heo, M.S. (2012a). Dietary supplementation with chitin and chitosan on haematology and innate immune response in Epinephelus bruneus against Philasterides dicentrarchi. Experimental Parasitology, 131; 116-124.
31.Harikrishnan, R., Kim J., Balasundaram, C., Heo, M. (2012b). Immunomodulatory effects of chitinand chitosan enriched diets in Epinephelus bruneus against Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Aquaculture, 326; 46-52.
32.Hassaan, M. S., Wafa, M. A., Soltan, M. A., Goda, A. S., Mogheth, N. M. A. (2014). Effect of dietary organic salts on growth, nutrient digestibility, mineral absorption and some biochemical indices of Nile tilapia. Journal of Oreochromis Niloticus, 47-55.
33.Hjelmeland, K. (1983). Proteinase inhibitors in the muscle and serum of cod (Gadus morhua). Isolation and characterization. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 76(2); 365-372.
34.Hjelmeland, K., Christie, M., Raa, J. (1983). Skin mucus protease from rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, and its biological significance. Journal of Fish Biology, 23(1); 13-22.
35.Hosseini Shekarabi, S., Seyedalikhani, S., Shamsaie Mehrgan, M., Seyedalhosseini, S., Manouchehri, H. (2019). Effect of different levels of organic acids mixture on some growth parameters and carcass composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 28(4); 35-43.
36.Hoseinifar, S. H., Safari, R., Dadar, M. (2017). Dietary sodium propionate affects mucosal immune parameters, growth and appetite related genes expression: Insights from zebrafish model. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 243; 78-83.
37.Hoseinifar, S. H., Zoheiri, F., Caipang, C. M. (2016). Dietary sodium propionate improved performance, mucosal and humoral immune responses in Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 55; 523-528.
38.Iwama G. K., Vijayan M. M., Forsyth R. B., Ackerman P. A. (1999). Heat shock proteins and physiological stress in fish. American Zoologist, 39(6); 901-909.
39.John, P. J. (2007). Alteration of certain blood parameters of freshwater teleost Mystus vittatus after chronic exposure to Metasystox and Sevin. Fish physiology and Biochemistry, 33(1); 15-20.
40.Kasumyan, A.O., Nikolaeva, E.V. (2002). Comparative analysis of taste preferences in fishes with different ecology and feeding. Journal of Ichthyology, 42(2); S203..
41.Lim, A., Ekanayake, P., Abdullah, D. R. P., Lim, L. B. L., Bandara, J. S. (2015). Enhancement of sensitization capacity of dye from Melastoma malabathricum L. in DSSC by organic acid treatment. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 5(4); 1112-1121.
42.Lückstädt, C. (2008). Effect of organic acid containing additives in worldwide aquaculture–sustainable production the non-antibiotic way. Acidifiers Anim Nutr, 71.
43.Lückstädt, C. (2008). Dietary organic acids as feed additive for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture. Mortality, 33(20.8b); 18-4b.
44.Magnadóttir, B., Jónsdóttir, H., Helgason, S., Björnsson, B., Jørgensen, T. Ø., Pilström, L. (1999). Humoral immune parameters in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): I. The effects of environmental temperature. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 122(2); 173-180.
45.Magnadóttir, B., Jónsdóttir, H., Helgason, S., Björnsson, B., Jørgensen, T. Ø., Pilström, L. (1999). Humoral immune parameters in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): II. The effects of size and gender under different environmental conditions. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 122(2); 181-188.
46.Magnadottir, B. (2010). Immunological control of fish diseases. Marine biotechnology, 12(4); 361-379.
47.Maslowski, K.M., Mackay, C.R. (2011). Diet, gut microbiota and immune responses. Nature immunology, 12(1); 5-9.
48.Menanteau-Ledouble, S., Krauss, I., Santos, G., Fibi, S., Weber, B., El-Matbouli, M. (2015). Effect of a phytogenic feed additive on the susceptibility of Onchorhynchus mykiss to Aeromonas salmonicida. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 115(1); 57-66.
49.Menanteau-Ledouble, S., Krauss, I., Goncalves, R. A., Weber, B., Santos, G. A., El-Matbouli, M. (2017). Antimicrobial effect of the Biotronic® Top3 supplement and efficacy in protecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from infection by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Research in Veterinary Science, 114; 95-100.
50.Miandare, H.K., Farahmand, H., Akbarzadeh, A., Ramezanpour, S., Kaiya, H., Miyazato, M. (2013). Developmental transcription of genes putatively associated with growth in two sturgeon species of different growth rate, General and Comparative Endocrinology, 182; 41-47.
51.Morgan, J., Mosawy, S. (2016). The potential of apple cider vinegar in the management of type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Diabetes Research, 5(6); 129-34.
52.Natrah, F.M.I., Alam, M.I., Pawar, S., Harzevili, A.S., Nevejan, N., Boon, N. (2012). The impact of quorum sensing on the virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas salmonicida towards burbot (Lota lota L.) larvae. Veterinary Microbiology, 159(1-2); 77-82.
53.Nayak, S., Swain, P., Mukherjee, S. (2007). Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic and vitamin C on the immune response of Indian major Carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 23; 892-896.
54.Ng, W. K., Koh, C. B. (2017). The utilization and mode of action of organic acids in the feeds of cultured aquatic animals. Reviews in Aquaculture, 9(4); 342-368.
55.Parma, M.J., Loteste, A., Campana, M., Bacchrtta, C. (2007). Chenges of hematological parameters in Prochilodus lineatus (pisces, Prochilodontidae) exposed to sublethal concentration of cypermethrin. Journal of Environmental Biology, 28(1); 147-149.
56.Pfaffl, M. W., Horgan, G. W., Dempfle, L. (2002). Relative expression software tool (REST) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR. Nucleic Acids Research. 30; 36-36.
57.Pourmozaffar, S., Hajimoradloo, A., Miandare, H. K. (2017). Dietary effect of apple cider vinegar and propionic acid on immune related transcriptional responses and growth performance in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 60; 65-71.
58.Reda, R. M., Mahmoud, R., Selim, K. M., El-Araby, I. E. (2016). Effects of dietary acidifiers on growth, hematology, immune response and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 50; 255-262.
59.Riemensperger, A.V., Bachinger, D., Schaumberger, S., Urbaityte, R., Pasteiner, S. (2012). The effect of an organic acid blend, cinnamaldehyde and a permeabilising substance on the inhibition of bacterial growth in vitro and growth performance of weaning pigs. Veterinary Medicine Zootech, 60; 59-66.
60.Ringø, E., Strøm, E. (1994). Microflora of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.): gastrointestinal microflora of free-living fish and effect of diet and salinity on intestinal microflora. Aquaculture Research, 25(6); 623-629.
61.Ringø, E., Olsen, R.E., Gifstad, T.Ø., Dalmo, R.A., Amlund, H., Hemre, G.I. (2010). Prebiotics in aquaculture: a review. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16(2); 117-136.
62.Robles, R., Lozano, A. B., Sevilla, A., Márquez, L., Nuez-Ortín, W., Moyano, F. J. (2013). Effect of partially protected butyrate used as feed additive on growth and intestinal metabolism in sea bream (Sparus aurata). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 39(6); 1567-1580.
63.Ross, N. W., Firth, K. J., Wang, A., Burka, J. F., Johnson, S. C. (2000). Changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities of naive Atlantic salmon Salmo salar skin mucus due to infection with the Salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis and cortisol implantation. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 41 (1); 43-51
64.Sado, R.Y., Bicudo, Á.J.D.A., Cyrino, J.E.P. (2008). Feeding dietary mannan oligosaccharides to juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, has no effect on hematological parameters and showed decreased feed consumption. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 39(6); 821-826.
65.Safari, R., Hoseinifar, S. H., Kavandi, M. (2016). Modulation of antioxidant defense and immune response in zebra fish (Danio rerio) using dietary sodium propionate. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 42(6); 1733-1739.
66.Sajeevan, S., Varkey, A. M. T., Vadakkedath, M. (2014). Biometric parameters of the Redline torpedo fish Puntius denisonii Day 1865, an endemic barb in the western ghats hotspots of southern india. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 2 (2); 75-84.
67.Salah A.M., Mohamed M.F., John G. (2008). Echinacea as immunostimulatory agent in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) via earthen pond experiment. 8th international symposium on Tilapia in aquaculture, Egypt, 12-14 October, 1003- 1042.
68.Saurabh, S., Sahoo, P.K. (2008). Lysozyme: an important defense molecule of fish innate immune system. Aquaculture Research, 39; 223–239.
69.Shalaby, A. M., Khattab, Y. A., Abdel Rahman, A. M. (2006). Effects of Allium sativum and chloramphenicol on growth performance, physiological parameters and survival of Nile tilapia (Ooreochromis niloticus). Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 12; 172-201.
70.Siwicki, A.K., Anderson, D.P. (1993). Nonspecific defense mechanisms assay in fish: II. Potential killing activity of neutrophils and macrophages, lysozyme activity in serum and organs and total immunoglobulin level in serum. Fish Disease Diagnosis and Prevention Methods Olsztyn, Poland,105-12.
71.Subramanian, S., MacKinnon, S. L., Ross, N. W. (2007). A comparative study on innate immune parameters in the epidermal mucus of various fish species. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 148(3); 256-263.
72.Tohidi, M., Harati, H., Hadaegh, F., Mehrabi, Y., Azizi, F. (2008). Association of liver enzymes with incident type 2 diabetes: A nested case control study in an Iranian population. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 8(1); 1-6.
73.Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Xia, C., Cheng, Y., Guo, X., Li, Y. (2020). Effects of malic acid and citric acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, haematology and immune response of Carassius auratus gibelio. Aquaculture Research, 51(7); 2766-2776.
_||_