Criminal psychology and the components of political crime in Iran (a comparative study of the first Pahlavi era and the Islamic Republic)

Subject Areas : Iran

zohrabi eslam ¹ (Member of the academic staff of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch)
mohammad khani ² (Mohammad Khani, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Neyshabour Branch, Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabor, Iran)
haniye ghoruneh ³ (Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Neyshabor Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabor, Iran)

Received: 2023-11-11 Accepted : 2023-12-27 Published : 2023-10-23

Keywords: Civil Rights, Political Institutions, criminal psychology, Political crimes, criminals,

Abstract :

The main goal of criminal psychology is to investigate the effective factors in the delinquency of criminals in various crimes. In relation to why a series of acts should be criminalized under the title of political crimes and receive a different executive guarantee response, reasons have been mentioned by jurists, firstly, that these crimes lack the necessary elements of ordinary crimes such as malice and violence. Second, the subject and purpose of political crimes is to change a certain political situation with illegal means, and thirdly, since the purpose of the perpetrator is the government and political institutions, there is no violation of private rights. In the constitutional law, as the first codified text in the direction of establishing democracy and legislation, and in fact, the basis of the new political and legal system of Iran, it has also made it a political crime in its seventy-ninth amendment article. According to this article, in the cases of political and press offenses, the panel of judges will be present in the courts. Of course, from that time until now, the definition and examples of political crimes in Iran's legal system have been undecided. In the current laws of Iran, due to the lack of a specific and appropriate law in this field, in 2015, a law titled the Political Crime Law was approved by the legislature, based on the existing provisions, the judicial system can be based on the specific law of political crime.