Obama and the Continuity of America's Foreign Policy toward Egypt

Subject Areas : International Relations

Mahdi Habibollahi ¹ (Ph.D student at the Islamic Azad University)
Seyyed Javad Emam Jomeh Zadeh ² (Associate Professor at the Isfahan University)
Hosein Masudnia ³ (Associate Professor at the Isfahan University)

Received: 2018-12-12 Accepted : 2018-12-12 Published : 2018-11-22

Keywords: Egypt, Middle East, United States, Defensive Realism, Obama Administration,

Abstract :

Abstract: America relies on more than half a century experiences in dealing with the Middle East, considers Egypt, a key country in the region. In other words, Egypt is the anchor of stability and security to the West especially America, as in the past decade, Washington and Cairo have close and continuous cooperation to meet common strategic interests in the Middle East. With the Arab Spring developments and overthrow of Mubarak, America's policy toward Egypt was faced with challenges. However, the United States has tried to manage these developments, and Obama administration, regardless the type of Egyptian government, maintained its continuous relationship with this key Middle East country. Despite widespread developments after the Arab Spring in Egypt, the United States maintained the same policy aims from its relationship with Egypt. What are the reasons for the continuation of US foreign policy towards Egypt, especially under Obama's presidency? This research by using descriptive and analytical method and with the use of library and internet resources intends to study and explore the reasons for the continuation of relations between the two countries.

References:

منابع:

-       چرنوف، فرد. (1390). نظریه و زبرنظریه در روابط بینالملل. ترجمه علیرضا طیب، تهران: نشر نی.

-       محمدزادۀابراهیمی، فرزاد؛ ملکی، محمدرضا؛ امامجمعهزاده، سیدجواد. (1396). راهبردخاورمیانهای اوباما در نظریه و عمل. تبریز: ناشرمؤلف.

-       مشیرزاده،حمیرا. (1386).تحول در نظریههای روابط بینالملل. تهران: سمت.

-       گوهریمقدم، ابوذر. (1391). «بیداری اسلامی و سیاست خاورمیانهای آمریکا»، در کتاب بیداری اسلامی و تحولات منطقهای، ویراستار اصغر افتخاری. تهران: دانشگاه امامصادق(ع).

-       تتی، آندرآ و گرواسیو، جنارو. (1392). «کودتای ارتش در مصر؛ برای مردم یا علیه مردم؟» ترجمه فرزاد محمدزادهابراهیمی. دو ماهنامه سیاسی راهبردی چشمانداز ایران، شماره 80، صص. 43-142.

-       محمدزادهابراهیمی، فرزاد؛ ملکی، محمدرضا؛ امامجمعهزاده، سیدجواد. (1395). «سیاست خارجی آمریکا در پرتو راهبرد محور آسیایی دولت اوباما». فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین الملل، سال نهم، شماره 33، صص. 104-79.

-      پرتو، فتح الله. (1393). «آمریکا و تحولات مصر». قابل دسترس در سایت اندیشکده راهبردی تبیین.

 

-       Clinton H. (2015). Hard Choices. New York: Simon and Schuster.

-       Elman, Colin and Jensen, Michael A. (Eds.). (2014) Realism Reader. London and New York: Routledge.

-       Freedman, Lawrence. (2008). A Choice of Enemies: America Confronts the Middle East. New York: PublicAffairs.

-       Gates RM. (2015). Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War.New York: Vintage Books.

-       Lenczowski, George. (1990). American Presidents and the Middle East. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

-       O'Sullivan, Christopher D. (2012). FDR and the End of Empire: The Origins of American Power in the Middle East. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

-       Rutherford, Bruce. (2008). Egypt after Mubarak: Liberalism, Islam and Democracy in the Arab World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

-       Schweller, R.L. (2006). Unanswered Threats: Political Constraints on the Balance of Power. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.

-       Snyder, Jack. (1991). Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press.

-       Waltz, Kenneth N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw Hill.

-      Donnely, Jack. (2005). “Realism”. in Theories of International Relations. edited by Scott Burchill et al., pp. 29-54. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

-      Walt, Stephen. (2007). “Taming American Power”. in Paradoxes of Power: U.S. Foreign Policy in a Changing World, edited by David Skidmore, pp. 203-214. USA:  Paradigm Publishers.

-      Aftandilian G. (2013). “Pitfalls in Egypt”. Parameters, 43(3): pp.7-17.

-      Mearsheimer, John J. (1995). “The False Promise of International Institutions”. International Security, Vol. 19(3), pp. 5-49.

-      Mearsheimer, John J. (2009). “Reckless States and Realism”. International Relations, Vol. 23(2), pp. 241-56.

-      Safti, Adfi. (1991). “Sadat's Negotiations with the United States and Israel: From Sinai to Camp David”. American Journal of Economics & Sociology, 50(3), pp. 285–298.

-      Abdoun, Karim. (2015). “Egyptian-American Relations Under Obama’s Presidency: A Defensive Realist Analysis. March, available at: http://dar.aucegypt.edu/handle/10526/4446.

-      Cavell, Colin S. (2012). “America’s Dependency on Middle East Oil, Part II”. 11th April, available at: www.globalresearch.ca/ america-s-dependency-on-middle-east-oil/30177.

-      Clyde R, Mark. (2004). “Israeli-United States Relations”. Congressional Research Service. 09 July, available at: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a476219.pdf.

-      Fleischhauer, Jan. (2011). “Democracy and the Middle East: George Bush’s Liberal Legacy”. Spiegel Online. 7th February. available at: www.spiegel.de/international/world/democracy-and-the-middle-east-george-w-bush-s-liberal-legacy-a-743994.

-      McDonnell, Scott. (2011). “The history of the Camp David Accords reveals that even a sympathetic president could not stand up for the Palestinians”. Mondoweiss.net. March 6^th, available at: http://mondoweiss.net/2011/03/the-history-of-the-camp-david-accords-reveals-that-the-president-is-incapable-of-standing-up-for-the-palestinians/

-      Sharp, Jeremy M. (2014). “Egypt: Background and US Relations”. Congressional Research Service. 5^th June, available at: http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/539ec7964.pdf.