Russia and the New Middle East; Strategies and Challenges
Subject Areas : International RelationsSeyed Asadollah Athary 1 , Shuaib Bahman 2
1 - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Political Science, Islamic Azad University Takestan, Department of Political Science
2 - Graduate Master of Political Science
Keywords: Arab Spring, Keywords: New Middle East, The security approach, Geopolitical approach and strategic alliances,
Abstract :
Abstract: Russia and the Middle East have had along-standing historical relations. This relationship has continued over the centuries and in every period has had its peculiarities. So that Russia's relations with the Middle East can be divided into different periods. The Arab Spring has created a completely new situation and new imbalances in the Middle East. It has caused great powers to fear that they will see their regional influence decline, which will affect global stability. Russia is no exception in this regard. After the popular uprisings in the Arab, the Russian leadership sought to formulate a policy to deal with the new situation. The present article seeks to investigate the strategies and challenges of Russia in the new Middle East.
منابع
1- Antonenko. Oksana, 1March 2001, "Russian's Military Involvement in the Middle East," MERIA, Vol.5.
2- Dannreuther, Ronald, 2004, “Russia and the Middle East,” in the Middle East’s Relations with Asia and Russia, Edited by Hannah Carter and Anoshirvan Ehteshami, London: Routledge Curzon
3- Freedman. Robert O., Mar 1998, "Russia and Israel under Yeltsin," Israel Studies,
4- Freedman. Robert, 2 June 2002, “Putin and the Middle East” Middle East Review of International Affairs, vol. 6, Issue.
5- Ivanov. Eugene, 15 March 2011, CONSEQUENCES OF THE “ARAB UPRISING”, Russia Beyond the Headlines(http://rbth.ru).
6- Golan. Galia, 1988, The Soviet Union and National Liberation Movements in the Third World, Boston: Unwin Hyman
7- Golan. Galia, 1990, Soviet Policies in the Middle East from World War Two to Gorbachev, Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press
8- Katz. Mark N., 2010, Russia's Greater Middle East Policy: Securing Economic Interests, Courting Islam, NISCenter, Vision n.49
9- Kemp. Geoffrey & Saunders. Paul, 2003, America, Russia, and the Greater Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities, The NixonCenter, Washington, DC, November
10- Kolobov. Oleg & Kornilov. Alexander, 2011, MIDDLE EAST POLICY OF RUSSIA UNDER PRESIDENT MEDVEDEV: STRATEGIES, INSTITUTES, FACES,
11- Moscow Time, 16/02/2010, Russia, Israel agree to boost economic ties
12- Mulaj. Klejda, 2007, Russia in the Middle East: Friend or Foe?, GulfResearchCenter
13- NATIONAL SECURITY CONCEPT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, 2000, Approved by Presidential Decree No. 24, (http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/doctrine/gazeta012400.htm).
14- National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation to 2020, 2009, Approved By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, President of Russia (www.kremlin.ru), No.537, 12 May
15- Nizameddin. Talal, 1999, Russia and the Middle East: Towards a New Foreign Policy, New York: St. Martin's Press
16- Nekhai. Oleg, 2011, Russia, Israel to boost space cooperation, Moscow Time.
17- Oliker. Olga, Crane. Keith, Schwartz. Lowell H. and Yusupov. Catherine, 2009, Russian Foreign Policy; Sources and Implications, Published byRAND Corporation
18- Perkovich. G., Mathews. J., Cirincione. J., Gottemoeller. R., Wolfsthal. J., 2005, Universal Compliance; A Strategy for Nuclear Security, Washington, DC.CEIP
19 - Russian Public Opinion on Unrest in the Arab World, 6 July 2011, RUSSIAN ANALYTICAL DIGEST No. 98,
20- The Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation, 12 July 2008, President of Russia )www.kremlin.ru).
21- Trenin, Dmitri,2009, Russia’s Policy in the Middle East: Prospects for consensus and conflict with the United States, A Century foundation Report, The Carnegie Endowment
22- Weir. Fred, 22 February 2011, Medvedev rebuffs Gorbachev's warning of 'Egyptian scenario' in Russia. Who's right?, The Christian Science Monitor.