Allelopathy: An adaptive scientific method for sustainable weed management
Subject Areas : Plant Protection
1 - Instructor , Department of Agriculture Engineering, Technical and Vocational University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Allelochemicals, cover crops, herbicide, integrated management, suppression,
Abstract :
Today, dependence on chemical herbicides strongly affects the environment and ecosystem. Alternate sustainable weed management strategies like allelopathy could be included in integrated weed management programs to reduce the usage of chemical herbicides. Plant allelopathy is a response to external stimuli by releasing secondary metabolites. This phenomenon has the potential to facilitate environmentally sounder weed control and avoid the concerns associated with the misuse of agro-chemicals for pest and weed management. This review article provides the practical application of allelopathy for weed control in agricultural systems. In many sources, rye, sorghum, rice, sunflower, rape seed, and wheat have been documented as important allelopathic crops. These crops express their allelopathic potential by releasing allelochemicals which not only suppress weeds, but also promote underground microbial activities. Crop cultivars with allelopathic potentials can be grown to suppress weeds under field conditions. Further, several types of allelopathic plants can be intercropped with other crops to weed management. The use of allelopathic cover crops and mulches can reduce weed pressure in field crops. Rotating a routine crop with an allelopathic crop for one season is another method of allelopathic weed control. Importantly, plant breeding can be explored to improve the allelopathic potential of crop cultivars. In conclusion, it is possible to benefit from the potential of allelopathy to suppress weeds in field crops. Allelopathy is of special importance for ecological, sustainable and integrated weed management systems.
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Ashrafi, Y.Z., Sadeghi, S. and Mashhadi, H.R. 2007. Allelopathic effect of barley (Hordeum vulgare) on germination and growth of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 13: 99-112.
Bajgai, Y., Kristiansen, P., Hulugalle, N. and McHenry, M. 2013. Comparison of organic and conventional managements on yields, nutrients and weeds in a corn-cabbage rotation. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30: 132-142.
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Bernstein, E.R., Stoltenberg, D.E., Posner, J.L. and Hedtcke, J.L. 2014. Weed community dynamics and suppression in tilled and no-tillage transitional organic winter rye-soybean systems. Weed Science 62: 125-137.
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Brooker, R.W., Bennett, A.E. and Cong, W.F. 2015. Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology. New Phytologist 206: 107-117.
Campiglia, E., Mancinelli, R., Radicetti, E. and Caporali, F. 2010. Effect of cover crops and mulches on weed control and nitrogen fertilization in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Crop Protection 29: 354-363.
Campiglia, E., Radicetti, E. and Mancinelli, R. 2012. Weed control strategies and yield response in a pepper crop (Capsicum annuum L.) mulched with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) residues. Crop Protection 33: 65-73.
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