The Influence of Sowing Density, Nitrogen Fertilizer level and spliting on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat

Subject Areas : New Finding in Agriculture

Mojtaba Jafarzadeh Kenarsari ¹ , Ali Sabeti ²

1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بروجرد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، بروجرد، ایران
2 - دکتری زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران، گروه زراعت، تهران، ایران

Received: 2015-11-08 Accepted : 2015-11-08 Published : 2014-02-20

Keywords: Wheat, sowing density, nitrogen amount and spliting,

Abstract :

      In order to evaluate the different levels of sowing density, nitrogen fertilizer level and spliting, an experiment was done as split-split plot in form of randomized complete block design with 4 replications in 2010-2011. The factors were sowing density in four levels (100, 250, 400 and 550 seeds per m2) as the main factor, nitrogen fertilizer splitting in three levels (no spliting and spliting in 2 steps (tillering and heading) and 3 steps(sowing , tillering and heading)) as the sub-factor, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in three levels (150, 250 and 350 kg/ha Urea) as the sub-sub-factor. The results showed that with the increasing of density, the number of hills per m2, the number of spikes per m2 and the grain yield are increased significantly. Moreover, along with the decreasing of sowing density, the number of spikes per hill, the number of spikelets per spike, the number of grains per spikelet, the number of grains per spike, the thousand grains weight and the yield of each hill are decreased significantly. By applying the fertilizer in 2 splits, the number of spikes per hill and per m2 are increased significantly. With the increasing of nitrogenized fertilizer use, the number of spikes per hill, the number of spikes per m2 and the number of grains per spike are increased significantly.  

References:

1- Afyouni, D. 2005. The Study of the Most Proper grains of Wheat under salty Condition. Journal of Agriculture Science. Vol. 7, No. 2, pp: 7-16.

2- Anagholi, A. 2002. The Study of Line Distances and Grains Density Influence on the Yield of Wheat Lines in the Condition of Salty Water and Soil. Research Report of Yazd Agriculture and rangelandCenter.

3- Asghar, A., Tanveer, A. Adil Choudhry, M. Sohail, R. and Akram, M. M. 2001. Growth and yield Response of rice bean (Vigna unbellata) to different seeding rates and planting patterns.pakistan Journal of Biological Science.                        

4- Bohrani, A. and Z. A. Tahmasbi. 2005. The spliting and Amount of Nitrogen on Quality and Quantity in Two types of Winter Wheat. Journal of Agriculture Science Iran, Vol 36, No. 5, pp: 1263-1271.

5- Borjian, A.R. and E. emam. 2000. The Effect of Urea Liquid before Flowering on Yield, Yield components and Perotein Percentage of Two Typs of Wheat. Journal of Agriculture Science. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp: 23-29.

6- Dofing, S. N. and Knight, W. C. 1992. Heading synchrony and yield components of barley grown in sub arctic environments. Crop Sci..32:1377-1380.

7- Eshraghi, R., A.R. Pour Saeed, H. Char Soughi Amin and F. Ashraghi . 2005. The Influencing Factors on Wheat Yield. Journal of Agricultural Science, TabrizAzadUniversity: Year 3, No, 11 pp: 71-80.

8- Geleto, T.,  Tanner, D.G. Mamo, T. and Gebeyehu, G. 1995. Response of rainfed bread and durum wheat to source level and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on to Ethiopian vertisoles. I. yield and components. Come in Soil Sci and Plant Analaysis .26:1773-1794.

9- Giovanni, G., Silvano, P. and Giovanni, D. 2004. Grain yield, nitrogen-use efficiency and baking quality of old and modern Italian bredd-wheat cultivars grown at different nitrogen levels. Eur.J. Agron..34:321-332.

10- Ghobadi, M., A. Kashni, and R. Mamghani. 2010. The Effect of Hill Density on Yield and Yield Parts in Four Types of Wheat in Ahvaz. Journal of Agriculture Science, Iran, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp: 48-57.

11- Ghorbani, M. and H. Hartoniyan. 2011. The Growth Reaction and Wheat Yield to the Density and Space. Electronic Journal of Agriculture. Vol. 4, No. 2, pp: 139-154.  

12- Hosseini, R.A, S. Galeshi, A. Soltani and M. Kalateh. 2011. The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of New and Past Types of Wheat. The Electronic Journal of Agriculture. Vol. 4, No. 1, pp: 187-199.

13- KhodaBandeh, N. 2003. Cereal Agronomy. TehranUniversity Publishing Press. 282 p.

14- Modares Sanavi, S.A and A. Soroush Zadeh. 2003. The Effect of Line Spaces and the Amount of grains on yield and Yield components of Wheat M-75-10. Journal of Agriculture and Rangelands. 10^th Year, No. 1, pp: 83-97.

15- Naraki, F.A, B. Vaezi and W. Bavi. 2010. The Amount of Enough Nitrogen to Improve the Quality and Quantity of Wheat.  Journal of Agriculture Science, Iran, Period 41, No. 3, pp: 583-595

16- Rahnama, A.H, A.A. Bakhshandeh and Gh. Nour Mohammadi. 2000. The Study of Tiller Number per Hill in Different Densities on Yield and Yield Components in Khuzestan Weather. Journal of Agriculture Science. Vol. 2, No. 3, pp: 12-24.

17- Rajab Zadeh, M. 1996. The Effects of Hill Density on Yield and yield Components of Rice in Isfahan. M. A. thesis. IsfahanUniversity. 

18- Sabeti, Ali. 2005. The Effect of Draught Stress on Morphological Rice in sowing Density and Geometry in Khoram Abad. Ph.D. Thesis. Science and Research Branch, Islamic AzadUniversity, Tehran. 190 p.

19- Salazar,G.M., Moreno, R.O. and Salazar, G. R. 1994. Response of wheat with  alow plant population density to nitrogen fertilization. Terra(Mexico).12(2):259-263.

20- Salek Zamani, A and A.R. Tavakoli. 2004. The Effect of Different Amount of Grain on Yield and Yield Components of geo-types of Wheat. Journal of Agriculture Science, Iran, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp: 214-223.                                                         

21- Scarf, P.C. and Alley, M. 1993. Spring nitrogen on winter wheat II- flexible multi component rate recommendation system. Agron J. 85:11850-1192.

22- Senanayake, N., De Datta, S.K. Naylor, R.E.L. and Thompson, W. J. 1991. Lowland rice apical development: Stages and cultivalr differences detected by electron microscopy.Agron.J..83:1113-1023.

23- Shahsavari, N and M. Safari. 2005. The Effect of nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of Three Types of Wheat in Kerman. Journal of Research and Construction. 17^th Year, No. 4, pp: 82-87.

24- Slafer, G. A. 1994. Genetic Improvement of Field Crops (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.                                                                                                 

25- Stacey, T.2003. Wheat crop establishment: Seeding rate and deph and row spacing. Canada Grains Council Complete Guide to Wheat Management.

26- Stougaard, R.N. and Xue, Q.W. 2004. Spring wheat seed size and seeding rate effects on yield loss due to wide oat(Avena fatua) interference. Weed Sci..52:133-141.