Analysis of Iran's Government Management Discourse in Tourism Development Sector (Reviewed Discourses: Reforms, Justice-oriented and Moderation)
Subject Areas : Other related topics
Mostafa Ghodrati
1
,
Mehrban Hadi Peykani
2
,
Reza Ebrahimzadeh
3
1 - PhD student, Department of Public Administration, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Keywords: tourism development, Discourse Analysis, governmental management,
Abstract :
The purpose of this research is to analyze the discourse of Iran's government management in the field of tourism development. The scope of this research was all the texts expressed by government managers in the tourism sector in three historical periods of governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the reform discourse, the justice-oriented discourse, and the moderation discourse in 8-year periods. The scope of this research included a collection of texts that were published in newspapers, magazines, and the website of the presidency, etc. The statistical sample in this research was a total of 83 texts that were interpreted and analyzed. Library method was used to collect data in this research. The current research method was discourse analysis. The findings showed that the managers of two periods have thought about achieving good governance indicators and have stated in many texts that it is necessary to move in that direction. But in both eras, contrary to what has been said, the reality is something else, and the current situation is far from the promised situation, which is good governance. Using the method of discourse analysis and examining linguistic rules, it is possible to find out in the discourse coordinates of government administrators that speaking beautifully in the eyes of the public can make weak performance appear strong by deceiving public opinion.
Aguinis, H., Kraus, S., Poček, J., Meyer, N., & Jensen, S. H. (2023). The why, how, and what of public policy implications of tourism and hospitality research. Tourism Management, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104720
Ahmadi, Z., Hasanpour, M., & Ilyasi, H. (2009). Determining the capacity of accepting tourism in the desert and desert areas of Iran, a case study of Shahdad, Maranjab-Band Rig and Masr-Farhzad. Tourism Management Studies (Tourism Studies), 26, 177-197. [In Persian]
Asna Ashari, S. (2004). Parliament's interaction with the government, rhetoric or reality. Report, 158, 6-9. [In Persian]
Bagheri, M., Shekari, F., Moaven, Z., Mobasheri, A. A., & Nikbakht, A. (2022). Identifying the executive priorities of the 13th government in order to develop the tourism industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 11(42), 7-30. https://doi.org/10.22080/jtpd.2022.22829.3647
Collaverdon, R. (2002). A study of community residents’ attitudes on the impact of urban tourism: A case study from Anping district in Tainan city. Journal of Architecture and Planning, 6(2), 109–127.
Darabi, A. (2009). Electoral behavior in Iran, patterns and theories. Tehran: Soroush Publications. [In Persian]
Dredge, D., & Jamal, T. (2015). Progress in tourism planning and policy: A post-structural perspective on knowledge production. Tourism Management, 51, 285-297.
Farajirad, A., & Aghajani, S. (2009). New analyses about tourism and the types of its classification. Territory, 6(23), 61-72. https://sarzamin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_5428.html?lang=fa [In Persian]
Ghanbari, A., Azizabadi Farahani, F., Rezaei, A., & Salhi Amiri, R. (2023). Strategies, Challenges, and Consequences of Crafts Based on Tourism Development Using the Grounded Theory. Tourism of Culture, 4(14), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.22034/toc.2023.387024.1111
Gianpicoli, M., & Simon, H. (2017). Psoriasis treatment via doctor fishes as part of health tourism: A case study of Kangal Fish Spring, Turkey. Tourism Management, 28, 625–629.
Greaves, N., & Skinner, H. (2010). The importance of destination image analysis to UK rural tourism. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 28(4), 486-507.
Hall, A., & Jenkins, P. (2000). Tourism in a rural Uganda village: Impacts, local meaning and implication for development [University of Florida].
Hall, C. M., & Mitchell, R. (2005). Gastronomic tourism: comparing food and wine tourism experiences.
Hasanpour, A., Ahmadi, A., Haq panah, A., & Shiri, H. (2012). Urban tourism and its role in sustainable urban development Regional conference on tourism and development, Yasouj. [In Persian]
Hasanpour, A., Ahmadi, A., panah., H., & Ali Shiri, H. (2012). Urban tourism and its role in sustainable urban development regional conference on tourism and development, Yasouj.
Hazarjaribi, J., & Najafi Malik, M. (2012). Social Trust and Tourism Development. Regional Urban Studies and Researches, 2(7), 53-70.
Hillman, P., Moyle, B., & Weiler, B. (2017). Perceptions of Impacts and Development in a Cultural Tourism Hub: Ubud, Bali. In Balancing Development and Sustainability in Tourism Destinations (pp. 57-66). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1718-6_7
Hourang, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2018). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Hunter, C. (1995). On the need to re-conceptualise sustainable tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 3(3), 155–165.
Karroubi, M., Yavari Gohar, F., Mahmoudzadeh, S. m., & Mohammadian Mahmoudjig, N. (2021). Analyzing the branding and management of Iran's tourism brand in basic and secondary documents c. A. Iran. . Tourism Management Studies (Tourism Studies), 16(56), 45-82. https://sid.ir/paper/1031741/fa
Kazemi, M. (2016). Tourism, environment and challenges of sustainable tourism development for developing countries. Iranian journal of management sciences, 1(3), 89-118. [In Persian]
Keshani, S., Shiri, T., & Hazrati Soumea, Z. (2018). Comparative study of tourism industry indicators in the 10th and 11th governments. Iranian Social Development Studies, 12(1), 89-101. https://sid.ir/paper/408683/fa [In Persian]
Leslie, D. (2012). Responsible tourism: Concepts, theory and practice. CABI.
Maqsoodi, M. (2013). Neglecting the international and regional origins of nationalism. Book of the month, 87, 8-10. [In Persian]
Mirzaei Ahranjani, H., & Bozorgi, F. (2006). A REVIEW OF ORGANIZATION VIRTUALIZATION TREND (From Newtonian attitude to Quantum Theory). Future study Management, 3(70), 33-40. https://jmfr.srbiau.ac.ir/article_5978.html?lang=fa [In Persian]
Moghimi, A., Rahimi Harabadi, S., Hedayi Arani, M., Alizadeh, M., & Oruji, H. (2012). Geomorphotourism and feasibility measurement of road geomorphosites using the Periyera method; Case Study; Azad Rah Qom-Kashan. Applied research of geographical sciences, 12(27). [In Persian]
Mohseni, M. J. (2012). A research on the theory and method of Farklaf discourse analysis. Social cultural knowledge, 3(3), 83-86. [In Persian]
Mohseni, M. J. (2013). An essay on Fairclough's theory and method of discourse analysis. Cultural and social knowledge, 3(11), 83-86.
Nemati, V., Ebrahimpour, H., & Pourkarimi, P. (2014). Conceptualization of health tourism in Iran (concepts, models and theories) the first national sustainable tourism conference with the approach of sports tourism, health and environment, Ardabil. [In Persian]
Nozari, H., Jamshidiha, G., Gholamipoor, E., & Irani, U. (2013). The usefulness of critical discourse according to Fairclough in analyzing the concrete texts: the analysis of media text focusing on current social and economic crisis in Europe and the U.S. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 2(1), 153-176. https://doi.org/10.22059/jisr.2013.36581
Rabbani Khorasgani, A., & Mirzaei, M. (2014). Discourse analysis of principleism and reformism in the 10th presidential election period. Applied Sociology, 26(4), 45-68. [In Persian]
Rezvani, A. (2006). Geography and Tourism Industry (6 ed.). Tehran: Payam Noor University. [In Persian]
Salehipour, M. R., & Mahmoudi Raja, S. Z. (2015). Studying and analyzing the tourism pattern in the strategic discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Heritage and Tourism, 1(4), 13-31. https://sid.ir/paper/257208/fa [In Persian]
Samiee, S., & Ghiasian, M. S. (2015). Discourse Analysis of Iranian Managers and Elite on Tourism in Iran. Tourism Management Studies, 10(31), 1-18. [In Persian]
Shall Bafian, A. A., Adibi Sedeh, Z., & Moradi Qeshlaghi, F. (2013). The role of the government in tourism development policy, challenges and solutions International conference on the strategic development of tourism in the Islamic Republic of Iran, challenges and prospects, https://sid.ir/paper/850317/fa [In Persian]
Sharpley, R., & Telfer, D. (2015). Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues (2 ed.). Channel View Publications: UK.
Sidaei, S. I., & Hedayati Moghadam, Z. (2010). The role of security in tourism development. Social Sciences, 4(8), 97-110. https://sid.ir/paper/201855/fa [In Persian]
Simpson, M. (2008). Community-based tourism, responsible tourism, and infrastructure development and poverty. Afr J Hosp Tour Leisure, 6(31), 1-28.
Tajik, M. (1998). Zeal, identity and revolution, the formation of revolutionary discourse in Iran. Matin, 1(1), 83-106. https://sid.ir/paper/427106/fa [In Persian]
Tichaawa, T. M., Dayour, F., & Nunkoo, R. (2023). Residents’ trust in government, tourism impacts, and quality of life: Testing a structural model. Development Southern Africa, 40(2), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1974820
Torkington, K., Stanford, D., & Guiver, J. (2020). Discourse(s) of growth and sustainability in national tourism policy documents. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(7), 1041-1062. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1720695
Weaver, D. (2008). Sustainable Tourism: Theory and Practice. London: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Williams, A. M., & Shaw, G. (2015). Tourism: A candyfloss industry or job creator? Town Planning Review, 59, 81–103.
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2013). International tourists to hit 1.8 billion by 2030. UNWTO. https://www.unwto.org/archive/global/press-release/2011-10-11/international-tourists-hit-18-billion-2030
Zahedi, S. (2009). Tourism and sustainable development: the necessity of mainstreaming environmental protection in tourism development policies. Journal of Tourism Studies, 11(12), 1-21. [In Persian]
_||_Aguinis, H., Kraus, S., Poček, J., Meyer, N., & Jensen, S. H. (2023). The why, how, and what of public policy implications of tourism and hospitality research. Tourism Management, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104720
Ahmadi, Z., Hasanpour, M., & Ilyasi, H. (2009). Determining the capacity of accepting tourism in the desert and desert areas of Iran, a case study of Shahdad, Maranjab-Band Rig and Masr-Farhzad. Tourism Management Studies (Tourism Studies), 26, 177-197. [In Persian]
Asna Ashari, S. (2004). Parliament's interaction with the government, rhetoric or reality. Report, 158, 6-9. [In Persian]
Bagheri, M., Shekari, F., Moaven, Z., Mobasheri, A. A., & Nikbakht, A. (2022). Identifying the executive priorities of the 13th government in order to develop the tourism industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 11(42), 7-30. https://doi.org/10.22080/jtpd.2022.22829.3647
Collaverdon, R. (2002). A study of community residents’ attitudes on the impact of urban tourism: A case study from Anping district in Tainan city. Journal of Architecture and Planning, 6(2), 109–127.
Darabi, A. (2009). Electoral behavior in Iran, patterns and theories. Tehran: Soroush Publications. [In Persian]
Dredge, D., & Jamal, T. (2015). Progress in tourism planning and policy: A post-structural perspective on knowledge production. Tourism Management, 51, 285-297.
Farajirad, A., & Aghajani, S. (2009). New analyses about tourism and the types of its classification. Territory, 6(23), 61-72. https://sarzamin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_5428.html?lang=fa [In Persian]
Ghanbari, A., Azizabadi Farahani, F., Rezaei, A., & Salhi Amiri, R. (2023). Strategies, Challenges, and Consequences of Crafts Based on Tourism Development Using the Grounded Theory. Tourism of Culture, 4(14), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.22034/toc.2023.387024.1111
Gianpicoli, M., & Simon, H. (2017). Psoriasis treatment via doctor fishes as part of health tourism: A case study of Kangal Fish Spring, Turkey. Tourism Management, 28, 625–629.
Greaves, N., & Skinner, H. (2010). The importance of destination image analysis to UK rural tourism. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 28(4), 486-507.
Hall, A., & Jenkins, P. (2000). Tourism in a rural Uganda village: Impacts, local meaning and implication for development [University of Florida].
Hall, C. M., & Mitchell, R. (2005). Gastronomic tourism: comparing food and wine tourism experiences.
Hasanpour, A., Ahmadi, A., Haq panah, A., & Shiri, H. (2012). Urban tourism and its role in sustainable urban development Regional conference on tourism and development, Yasouj. [In Persian]
Hasanpour, A., Ahmadi, A., panah., H., & Ali Shiri, H. (2012). Urban tourism and its role in sustainable urban development regional conference on tourism and development, Yasouj.
Hazarjaribi, J., & Najafi Malik, M. (2012). Social Trust and Tourism Development. Regional Urban Studies and Researches, 2(7), 53-70.
Hillman, P., Moyle, B., & Weiler, B. (2017). Perceptions of Impacts and Development in a Cultural Tourism Hub: Ubud, Bali. In Balancing Development and Sustainability in Tourism Destinations (pp. 57-66). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1718-6_7
Hourang, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2018). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Hunter, C. (1995). On the need to re-conceptualise sustainable tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 3(3), 155–165.
Karroubi, M., Yavari Gohar, F., Mahmoudzadeh, S. m., & Mohammadian Mahmoudjig, N. (2021). Analyzing the branding and management of Iran's tourism brand in basic and secondary documents c. A. Iran. . Tourism Management Studies (Tourism Studies), 16(56), 45-82. https://sid.ir/paper/1031741/fa
Kazemi, M. (2016). Tourism, environment and challenges of sustainable tourism development for developing countries. Iranian journal of management sciences, 1(3), 89-118. [In Persian]
Keshani, S., Shiri, T., & Hazrati Soumea, Z. (2018). Comparative study of tourism industry indicators in the 10th and 11th governments. Iranian Social Development Studies, 12(1), 89-101. https://sid.ir/paper/408683/fa [In Persian]
Leslie, D. (2012). Responsible tourism: Concepts, theory and practice. CABI.
Maqsoodi, M. (2013). Neglecting the international and regional origins of nationalism. Book of the month, 87, 8-10. [In Persian]
Mirzaei Ahranjani, H., & Bozorgi, F. (2006). A REVIEW OF ORGANIZATION VIRTUALIZATION TREND (From Newtonian attitude to Quantum Theory). Future study Management, 3(70), 33-40. https://jmfr.srbiau.ac.ir/article_5978.html?lang=fa [In Persian]
Moghimi, A., Rahimi Harabadi, S., Hedayi Arani, M., Alizadeh, M., & Oruji, H. (2012). Geomorphotourism and feasibility measurement of road geomorphosites using the Periyera method; Case Study; Azad Rah Qom-Kashan. Applied research of geographical sciences, 12(27). [In Persian]
Mohseni, M. J. (2012). A research on the theory and method of Farklaf discourse analysis. Social cultural knowledge, 3(3), 83-86. [In Persian]
Mohseni, M. J. (2013). An essay on Fairclough's theory and method of discourse analysis. Cultural and social knowledge, 3(11), 83-86.
Nemati, V., Ebrahimpour, H., & Pourkarimi, P. (2014). Conceptualization of health tourism in Iran (concepts, models and theories) the first national sustainable tourism conference with the approach of sports tourism, health and environment, Ardabil. [In Persian]
Nozari, H., Jamshidiha, G., Gholamipoor, E., & Irani, U. (2013). The usefulness of critical discourse according to Fairclough in analyzing the concrete texts: the analysis of media text focusing on current social and economic crisis in Europe and the U.S. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 2(1), 153-176. https://doi.org/10.22059/jisr.2013.36581
Rabbani Khorasgani, A., & Mirzaei, M. (2014). Discourse analysis of principleism and reformism in the 10th presidential election period. Applied Sociology, 26(4), 45-68. [In Persian]
Rezvani, A. (2006). Geography and Tourism Industry (6 ed.). Tehran: Payam Noor University. [In Persian]
Salehipour, M. R., & Mahmoudi Raja, S. Z. (2015). Studying and analyzing the tourism pattern in the strategic discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Heritage and Tourism, 1(4), 13-31. https://sid.ir/paper/257208/fa [In Persian]
Samiee, S., & Ghiasian, M. S. (2015). Discourse Analysis of Iranian Managers and Elite on Tourism in Iran. Tourism Management Studies, 10(31), 1-18. [In Persian]
Shall Bafian, A. A., Adibi Sedeh, Z., & Moradi Qeshlaghi, F. (2013). The role of the government in tourism development policy, challenges and solutions International conference on the strategic development of tourism in the Islamic Republic of Iran, challenges and prospects, https://sid.ir/paper/850317/fa [In Persian]
Sharpley, R., & Telfer, D. (2015). Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues (2 ed.). Channel View Publications: UK.
Sidaei, S. I., & Hedayati Moghadam, Z. (2010). The role of security in tourism development. Social Sciences, 4(8), 97-110. https://sid.ir/paper/201855/fa [In Persian]
Simpson, M. (2008). Community-based tourism, responsible tourism, and infrastructure development and poverty. Afr J Hosp Tour Leisure, 6(31), 1-28.
Tajik, M. (1998). Zeal, identity and revolution, the formation of revolutionary discourse in Iran. Matin, 1(1), 83-106. https://sid.ir/paper/427106/fa [In Persian]
Tichaawa, T. M., Dayour, F., & Nunkoo, R. (2023). Residents’ trust in government, tourism impacts, and quality of life: Testing a structural model. Development Southern Africa, 40(2), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1974820
Torkington, K., Stanford, D., & Guiver, J. (2020). Discourse(s) of growth and sustainability in national tourism policy documents. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(7), 1041-1062. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1720695
Weaver, D. (2008). Sustainable Tourism: Theory and Practice. London: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Williams, A. M., & Shaw, G. (2015). Tourism: A candyfloss industry or job creator? Town Planning Review, 59, 81–103.
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2013). International tourists to hit 1.8 billion by 2030. UNWTO. https://www.unwto.org/archive/global/press-release/2011-10-11/international-tourists-hit-18-billion-2030
Zahedi, S. (2009). Tourism and sustainable development: the necessity of mainstreaming environmental protection in tourism development policies. Journal of Tourism Studies, 11(12), 1-21. [In Persian]