The Dynamics of Combining Two Formalist Elements of Defamiliarization and Highlighting in Two Lyrical Stories of Shahnameh (Zal and Rudabeh, Bijan and Manijeh)

Subject Areas : Persian Language & Literature

Mitra Bighami ¹ , Maryam Jafari ² , Gholamabbas Zakeri ³

1 - Ph.D. Candidate, Persian Language and Literature Dept., Humanities Faculty, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Persian Language and Literature Dept., Humanities Faculty, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Persian Language and Literature Dept., Humanities Faculty, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran

Received: 2020-06-17 Accepted : 2020-10-07 Published : 2021-01-20

Keywords: Shahnameh, Formalism, foregrounding, defamiliarization, Bijan and Manijeh, Zal and Rudabeh, literariness,

Abstract :

Although the formalists' theoretical emphasis on literature and literary arrangements used in the text does not negate the importance of the content, it indicates the central points through which the literary text is separated from other works. The present article tries to examine the applications of the two main formalist arrays in the two stories of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. The attribution of the Shahnameh to the "epic" genre has never been questioned, but this does not mean that a text of such magnitude, which has a variety of content features, is devoid of lyrical themes. Among these stories, the focus of this article is on "Zal and Rudabeh" and "Bijan and Manijeh". The goal is to discover and then combine the two important formalist elements of "de-familiarization" and "highlighting". The goal of formalists is, first, to bring about a fundamental change in the automatic and conventional process of language, and, second, to create a shocking interruption. Although the use of formalist arrays, both in the traditional novel form and in the form of arrangements that were later considered by theorists, can be seen throughout the Shahnameh, the frequency of their use in these lyrical stories is higher. The results of the discussion show that the use of such arrangements greatly enhances the attractiveness and literature of the text in terms of the attractiveness of the lyrical aspects. Combining both tricks in the mentioned narrations shows that Ferdowsi was aware of this issue and its capacities. The use of unfamiliar words, the use of indicating /ɑ/ at the end of the shutters, the exaggeration, the de-familiarization of the concept and the lexicon, and the emphasis on narrative are the most important formalistic examples used in these two systems. Also, although the lyrical burden of these two stories has been dominant, but due to their presence in the context of an epic work, some epic words and crafts have been mixed with its narration, which, through strengthening familiarity, de-familiarization and highlighting in them, differentiates them from Creates other Shahnameh stories.

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