Comparative comparison of physical-spatial components of tradition and modernism in university buildings of India and Iran

Subject Areas : Life Space Journal

Mohammadreza Sharafiyan ¹ , hossein soltanzade ² , shervin mirshahzadeh ³ , mohammad mohammadzadeh ⁴

1 - PhD student, Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Professor, Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Author.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Rudbar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudbar, Iran.

Received: 2022-12-19 Accepted : 2023-04-17 Published : 2023-08-23

Keywords: Components of tradition, components of modernism, university buildings of India, university buildings of Iran,

Abstract :

Universities are one of the first examples of the application of tradition and modernism in the buildings of any country, and the audience is educated adults who can play an effective role in society. The traditional architecture of India before the arrival of the British in India was more about creating spectacular and attractive forms carved out of stone. At this time, the main purpose of architectural tools was to glorify and magnify rituals and customs. Then the British entered the scene and they built their first modern buildings, which housed all the necessities of running a large empire. At this time, the culture and art of the colonialist country consciously and unconsciously influenced the way of construction and architecture, especially in the big cities of India. India declared independence in 1947 with non-violent struggles. The purpose of this research is to investigate the components of the modernism tradition in the university buildings of Iran and India. The research method in this research is a combination of nested type (qualitative in quantitative) with comparative weighting to the results of analysis in the quantitative field, in the qualitative part, first, using the technique of systematic review of the theoretical literature of articles in the field of tradition and modernism, indicators of tradition and modernism are extracted. And then they are categorized and semi-structured interview questions are developed based on them in the qualitative section. The experts who are selected based on the snowball system with the entry criteria are interviewed and the results are entered into the ATLASTI software for ease of coding. University buildings are selected with Delphi future research system with Kendall's coefficient, and then based on the obtained components, a questionnaire is compiled and provided to space users. The method of selecting the study samples was such that among about 200 universities in Iran and India according to architectural characteristics (tangible and intangible strategies and metaphors), the number of 22 universities in Iran and India in the first stage according to research data, documents and documents available , the plans were selected and then according to the opinion of designers and theorists in the field of contemporary architecture in Iran, using the Delphi method and taking into account the influential factors in their design as well as the availability of existing documents, their number was reduced to 18 universities in Iran and India and examined. In the quantitative stage, the sample size is selected by Morgan's table with the number of 384 people. The results are entered into JMP software for the analysis of inferential statistics. The results indicate that in the university buildings of Iran, the game components with visual communication elements with a value of (1.000) have the highest coefficients of determination in the association of tradition, and introversion with a value of (0.246) has the lowest correlation. In Indian university buildings, the use of brick as the dominant wall material with the value of (1.000) is the highest and the lowest is related to the spatial hierarchy with the value of (0.254). In the components of modernism in Iranian academic buildings, playing with honest dimensions (1.000), honest expression of structural materials on the facade (1.000) and reminders of modernism have the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest related to the connection between inside and outside with wide transparent surfaces with The value is (0.354) in Indian university buildings, the play of light and shadow, the honest expression of structural materials on the facade and reminiscent of modernism with the value (1.000) is the highest value and the lowest value is related to the use of materials and new technological achievements (0.155) ) Is. In the correlation stage between the components of modernism in the universities of the two countries, it was found that in Indian universities, the honest expression of the structural materials in the facade has the highest value (0.865) and the component of spatial planning has the lowest value (0.188) in the buildings. University of Iran, the component of the game with honest dimensions (0.882) has the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest correlation coefficient is related to the component emphasizing the height of the building with the value (0.258).