Presenting a model of effective factors on managing the prevalence of obesity among students
Subject Areas : knowledge Management
yasaman ahmadi
1
,
rahim ramezani nezhad
2
,
mohammad javad ziya
3
1 - guilan university
2 - Professor of the University of Guilan
3 - guilan university
Keywords: s plan, Social-school factors, lifestyle, Weight and obesity control plan, factors, Dowson and Breech&rsquo, Students&rsquo,
Abstract :
The current study aimed to propose a model of the factors that influenced the management of the prevalence of obesity among students. It was a descriptive-survey study in terms of purpose and was conducted as an applied field study. The population included all teachers of physical education in Guilan Province, Iran (N=853).The participants required for the sample(100 teachers) were selected using the simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the model proposed by Dowson and Breech that contained items designed according to the 5-point Likert scale. Fifteen professors and experts in the field of physical education investigated and confirmed the face and content validity of the questionnaire. Moreover, the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability of the questionnaire was determined at α=0.84, and its construct (exploratory and confirmatory) validity was investigated and confirmed. Data analysis was conducted using Structured Equation Modeling in PLS3. According to the results of the Freidman test, social-school factors(2.82), parents’ lifestyles (1.91),and students’ characteristics (1.26)had the highest priorities, respectively. Social-school factors, students’ characteristics, and parents’ lifestyles explained 43%, 26%, and 23% of the changes in weight control and obesity, respectively; thus, policymakers and planners in the field of education, headmasters, and physical education teachers can optimally implement social-school factors according to students’ characteristics and adopt plans and strategies to focus on teaching and promoting healthy and dynamic lifestyles among students’ parents so that they may have more successful performance in managing the prevalence of obesity among the students of each climate.
References:
Ahmadi, Sirus; Mokhtari, Maryam; Zarei, Houshang. (2015). Analysis of the Relationship between Physical Self-Esteem and Attitudes Toward Sports with Women's Sports Participation Using Structural Equivalent Model Z. Journal of Applied Research in Sports Management, (3) 4, 41-51. (In Persian).
Allensworth, Diane D, & Kolbe, Lloyd J. (1987). The comprehensive school health program: exploring an expanded concept. Journal of school health, 57(10), 409-412.
Amiri Parisa, Ghofranipour Fazlollah, Ahmadi Fazlollah, Hooman Heidar Ali, Hossein Panah Farhad, Jalali Farahani Sara. Individual barriers to lifestyle modification in obese or overweight adolescents: A qualitative study. (2009) Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 11 (5), 529-521. (In Persian).
Asefi, Ahmad Ali; Qanbarpournarsrati, Amir. (2017). The role of the family in institutionalizing physical activity in children. Physiology and Management Research in Sport; 10 (1), 55-65. (Persian).
Bai, Nasser; Isfahani Nia, Akram .(2019). Modeling the effect of parental social support, perceived competence and school atmosphere on the pleasure of participating in physical activity of female students. Research in educational sports; 7 (16), 307-326. (In Persian).
Bener A.(2006). Prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight in Qatari adolescents. Food Nutr Bullet, 27, 39-45.
Birjandi Bardsakan R, Adhami Moghaddam F, Sahebalzamani M. Investigating the relationship between the lifestyle of parents and obese children and its comparison in single and multi-child families in primary schools of Mashhad City.(2020).MEDICAL SCIENCES,30 (2) ,185-192.
Brittin, J., Sorensen, D., Trowbridge, M., Lee, K. K., Breithecker, D., Frerichs, L., & Huang, T. (2015). Physical activity design guidelines for school architecture. PloS one, 10(7), 132-158.
Camiré, M. Forneris, T. Trudel, P. & Bernard, D. (2011). Strategies for helping coaches facilitate positive youth development through sport. Journal of sport psychology in action, 2(2), 92-99.
Cradock, A. L., Kawachi, I., Colditz, G. A., Gortmaker, S. L., & Buka, S. L. (2009). Neighborhood social cohesion and youth participation in physical activity in Chicago. Social science & medicine, 68(3), 427-435.
Daly-Smith, A. Quarmby, T. Archbold, V. S. Corrigan, N. Wilson, D. Resaland, G. K. ... & McKenna, J. (2020). Using a multi-stakeholder experience-based design process to co-develop the Creating Active Schools Framework. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 17(1), 13.
Davison, K. K., & Birch, L. L. (2001). Childhood overweight: a contextual model and recommendations for future research. Obesity reviews, 2(3), 159-171.
de Farias Júnior, J. C., da Silva Lopes, A., Mota, J., Santos, M. P., Ribeiro, J. C., & Hallal, P. C. (2011). Perception of the social and built environment and physical activity among Northeastern Brazil adolescents. Preventive medicine. 52(2), 114-119.Perception of the social and built environment and physical activity among Northeastern Brazil adolescents. Preventive medicine. 52(2), 114-119
Ebrahimi, Loghman .(2018). Challenges and obstacles to expanding the advisory role of school principals. school management; 6 (1), 262-282.(Persian).
Farzane M, Nasrollahpour Shirvani SD Normohammad Hoseini SA, Farzane M. (2014). Prevalence of high BMI and related factors in first grade students of high school in Amol. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 24(114), 174-179. (In Persian.(
Ghandi Yazdan, Sajjadi Nooshin, Hashemi Seyed Mojtaba, Farahani Javad. Comparison of behavioral eating habits and lifestyle of obese and non-obese children: a case-control study. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. ,24 (2),142-159. (In Persian).
Gonçalves, V. O., & Martínez, J. P.(2018). Gender and physical exercise in adolescents and college students. Cadernos de Pesquisa. 48(170), 1114-1128.
Goodman, A., Paskins, J., & Mackett, R. (2012). Day length and weather effects on children's physical activity and participation in play, sports, and active travel. Journal of physical activity & health, 9(8),1105–1116.
Hashemi, Seyed Zia; Rezaei, Mohammad; Akbarpooran, Sepideh .(2017). From happiness to cheerfulness. Happiness in the semantic structure governing the educational system, 9 (3), 183 -204. (In Persian).
Huang, H., & Humphreys, B.R. (2012). Sports participation and happiness: Evidence from US micro data, Journal of Economic Psychology, 33, 776-793.
Izz al-Din Neda, social, economic and environmental factors affecting overweight and obesity; A review study. (2019) Journal of Health Research, 3 (4), 232-225. (In Persian).
Jafarzadeh DM, Shemshaki A, Kordi M. Hedatati M. Effect of 8 weeks of aerobic interval training on levels of lipocalin, Glucose.(2015). insulin and insulin resistance in obesity women. (In Persian).
Keramati, Ensi; Courage, Fatima; Khosravi, Hassan (2011). Investigating the relationship between social environment (school atmosphere) and the level of self-regulation in high school students. New Psychological Research (Psychology of Tabriz University),6 (23), 133-153. (In Persian).
Keroack, J. (2015). Exploring the Relationship Between Coaching Behavior and Developmental Outcomes Among Adolescent Female Athletes in Competitive Sport.
Khazaei, Salman; Allam Ali, Behzad; Noor Aliei, Parivash; A brave country, Muhammad; Saatchi, Mohammad; Jamorpour, Somayeh (2016). A study of the prevalence of obesity in primary school students in Iran: a structured review and meta-analysis. Monitoring,16 (1), 17-26. (In Persian).
Khoramabadi, Saeedeh; Saeedifard, Nasim; Ebrahimzadeh, Farzad; Fallahi Ebrahim (2017). A study of factors related to overweight and obesity in students in Khorramabad in the academic year 1391-1390. Journal of Scientific Research, 19 (1), 98-110. (In Persian).
Lopez-Legarrea, P., Olivares, P. R., Almonacid-Fierro, A., Gomez-Campos, R., Cossio-Bolaños, M., & Garcia-Rubio, J. (2015). Association between dietary habits and the presence of overweight/obesity in a sample of 21,385 chilean adolescents. Nutricion hospitalaria, 31(5), 2088-2094.
Mahdavi, Mohaddeseh. (2020) .Student Gilani The most obese Student StudentsCountry / The need to make free the sport's training. ISNA news site. https://www.isna.ir/news/99101409906
Martin, K., Bremner, A., Salmon, J., Rosenberg, M., & Giles-Corti, B. (2014). Physical, policy, and sociocultural characteristics of the primary school environment are positively associated with children's physical activity during class time. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 11(3), 553-563.
Ministry of Education (2010). Higher Education Council. (In Persian).
Ministry of Education (2020). Circular on weight and obesity control. (In Persian).
Ministry of Education. (2020). Active school circular.(In Persian).
Mirzaei, Mohsen; Karimi, Mehran (2010). Abundance of overweight and obesity in the first elementary school students in Yazd. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. ,18 (4), 43-49. (In Persian).
Mitchell, R., & Popham, F. (2008). Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. The lancet. 372(9650),1655-1660..
Mohammad Baqernia, Seyed Ali Keshavarz, Seyed Abolghasem Jazayeri, Mohammad Reza Marathi, Ramesh Alipour Birgani, Reza Daryabigi Khatbehsara et al.(2017). Assessment of the Relationship between Social Support and Nutritional Behaviors in Overweight and Obese Female Students in Middle Schools of Shahinshahr, Iran. hsr.; 12 (4), 414-419. (In Persian).
Mohammadi Zaidi, Issa; Pakpour Haji Agha, Amir; Akaberi, Arash (2013). The effectiveness of educational intervention on lifestyle modification of overweight male students in the first secondary school of Tonekabon. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences; 5 (3), 631-642. (In Persian).
Mohammadi, Asghar (2019). The effect of social factors on social happiness (Case study: Isfahan residents). Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 20 (4), 123-135. (In Persian).
Mohammadian, Mansour, Sahebeh Golkhandan Abolghasem; Golkhandan Davood; Khansari Mojtaba. (2015). Analysis of socio-economic factors affecting happiness. Welfare and social development planning; 7 (25), 125-163.(Persian).
Mossadegh Rad, Mohammad Ali; Jan Babaei, Qasim; Police station in Rudi, Hamed (2019). Justice in the geographical distribution of hospital beds in Iran. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences; 24 (6), 12-36. (In Persian).
Myers, D.G. (2002). Happy and Healthy. http: // abclocal.Go.Com / 68 – wls/ News / 012802 – hs – happy healthy.Htm 1. Prevention and control of cardiovascular disease, Alexandria Egypt: WHO; EMRO Tech Pub Series 22.
Navidnia, Manijeh (2014). Investigating the relationship between social security and lifestyle (research in Tehran) Khalkhal. Iranian Social Sciences Studies Quarterly, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal Branch; 11(41. (In Persian).
Pourranjbar Mohammad, Khodadadi Mohammad Rasoul, Ghorbanzadeh Behrooz, Masoumeh Kashmaki (2016). Correlation of facilitators and inhibitors with the level of participation in sports activities of female students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Health Promotion Management Quarterly. 5 (3),60-6. (In Persian).
Prins, R. G., Mohnen, S. M., van Lenthe, F. J., Brug, J., & Oenema, A. (2012). Are neighbourhood social capital and availability of sports facilities related to sports participation among Dutch adolescents?. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 90
Ramezani Nejad, Rahim,Loghmani, Mohsen(2010).The book of human resource management in sports (with the approach of job attitudes and considerations). Publisher of Guilan University Press, first edition, 457 .(Persian).
Robert Prohl, Josef Wiemeyer.(2016).Technology Integration in Physical Education. der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main,13-35.
Sallis, J., Prochaska, J., & Taylor, W. (2000). A review of correlates of physical activityof children and adolescents. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(5), 963-975
Soodai Zanozaq, Habibollah; Acceptable, Lily; Prophet's, Satisfied; Asl Rahimi Wahab. (2013). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Marand students. Monitoring. 12 (4), 415-422. (In Persian).
Stenholm, S. Head, J. Kivimäki, M. Kawachi, I. Aalto, V. Zins, M. ... & Vahtera, J. (2016). Smoking, physical inactivity and obesity as predictors of healthy and disease-free life expectancy between ages 50 and 75: a multicohort study. International journal of epidemiology. 45(4), 1260-1270.
Sudeck, G., & Pfeifer, K. (2016). Physical activity-related health competence as an integrative objective in exercise therapy and health sports – Conception and validation of a short questionnaire. Sportwissenschaft. 46(2), 74–87.
Taheri Ardakani, Toobi; Atabak, Reza (2015). A Study of the Role of Teachers and Schools in Education, The Second National Conference on Strategies for the Development and Promotion of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Counseling and Education in Iran, Tehran,31(5),98-110. (In Persian).
Tremblay, M. S., LeBlanc, A. G., Carson, V., Choquette, L., Connor Gorber, S., Dillman, C., ... & Kho, M. E. (2012). Canadian physical activity guidelines for the early years (aged 0–4 years). Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 37(2),345-356.
Weiss, Ahmad .(2014). Investigating the effect of visual communication media on the socialization of high school students (third and fourth grade) in Kuh-e Dasht city. Master Thesis, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (In Persian).
Yazachew, Meseret, & Alen, Y. (2004). Introduction to health education. Ethiopia public health training initiative,5-1.
Zare Shahabadi, Akbar; Turks, Mercy of God; Heidari, Mahmoud. (2013). Investigating the relationship between job satisfaction and social vitality in high school teachers in Jiroft. Applied Sociology; 23 (4): 165-188.Gibbone, A., Rukavina, P., & Silverman, S. (2010). Technology integration in secondary physical education: Teachers’ attitudes and practice. Journal of educational technology development and exchange (JETDE).3(1), 3.
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Ahmadi, Sirus; Mokhtari, Maryam; Zarei, Houshang. (2015). Analysis of the Relationship between Physical Self-Esteem and Attitudes Toward Sports with Women's Sports Participation Using Structural Equivalent Model Z. Journal of Applied Research in Sports Management, (3) 4, 41-51. (In Persian).
Allensworth, Diane D, & Kolbe, Lloyd J. (1987). The comprehensive school health program: exploring an expanded concept. Journal of school health, 57(10), 409-412.
Amiri Parisa, Ghofranipour Fazlollah, Ahmadi Fazlollah, Hooman Heidar Ali, Hossein Panah Farhad, Jalali Farahani Sara. Individual barriers to lifestyle modification in obese or overweight adolescents: A qualitative study. (2009) Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 11 (5), 529-521. (In Persian).
Asefi, Ahmad Ali; Qanbarpournarsrati, Amir. (2017). The role of the family in institutionalizing physical activity in children. Physiology and Management Research in Sport; 10 (1), 55-65. (Persian).
Bai, Nasser; Isfahani Nia, Akram .(2019). Modeling the effect of parental social support, perceived competence and school atmosphere on the pleasure of participating in physical activity of female students. Research in educational sports; 7 (16), 307-326. (In Persian).
Bener A.(2006). Prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight in Qatari adolescents. Food Nutr Bullet, 27, 39-45.
Birjandi Bardsakan R, Adhami Moghaddam F, Sahebalzamani M. Investigating the relationship between the lifestyle of parents and obese children and its comparison in single and multi-child families in primary schools of Mashhad City.(2020).MEDICAL SCIENCES,30 (2) ,185-192.
Brittin, J., Sorensen, D., Trowbridge, M., Lee, K. K., Breithecker, D., Frerichs, L., & Huang, T. (2015). Physical activity design guidelines for school architecture. PloS one, 10(7), 132-158.
Camiré, M. Forneris, T. Trudel, P. & Bernard, D. (2011). Strategies for helping coaches facilitate positive youth development through sport. Journal of sport psychology in action, 2(2), 92-99.
Cradock, A. L., Kawachi, I., Colditz, G. A., Gortmaker, S. L., & Buka, S. L. (2009). Neighborhood social cohesion and youth participation in physical activity in Chicago. Social science & medicine, 68(3), 427-435.
Daly-Smith, A. Quarmby, T. Archbold, V. S. Corrigan, N. Wilson, D. Resaland, G. K. ... & McKenna, J. (2020). Using a multi-stakeholder experience-based design process to co-develop the Creating Active Schools Framework. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 17(1), 13.
Davison, K. K., & Birch, L. L. (2001). Childhood overweight: a contextual model and recommendations for future research. Obesity reviews, 2(3), 159-171.
de Farias Júnior, J. C., da Silva Lopes, A., Mota, J., Santos, M. P., Ribeiro, J. C., & Hallal, P. C. (2011). Perception of the social and built environment and physical activity among Northeastern Brazil adolescents. Preventive medicine. 52(2), 114-119.Perception of the social and built environment and physical activity among Northeastern Brazil adolescents. Preventive medicine. 52(2), 114-119
Ebrahimi, Loghman .(2018). Challenges and obstacles to expanding the advisory role of school principals. school management; 6 (1), 262-282.(Persian).
Farzane M, Nasrollahpour Shirvani SD Normohammad Hoseini SA, Farzane M. (2014). Prevalence of high BMI and related factors in first grade students of high school in Amol. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 24(114), 174-179. (In Persian.(
Ghandi Yazdan, Sajjadi Nooshin, Hashemi Seyed Mojtaba, Farahani Javad. Comparison of behavioral eating habits and lifestyle of obese and non-obese children: a case-control study. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. ,24 (2),142-159. (In Persian).
Gonçalves, V. O., & Martínez, J. P.(2018). Gender and physical exercise in adolescents and college students. Cadernos de Pesquisa. 48(170), 1114-1128.
Goodman, A., Paskins, J., & Mackett, R. (2012). Day length and weather effects on children's physical activity and participation in play, sports, and active travel. Journal of physical activity & health, 9(8),1105–1116.
Hashemi, Seyed Zia; Rezaei, Mohammad; Akbarpooran, Sepideh .(2017). From happiness to cheerfulness. Happiness in the semantic structure governing the educational system, 9 (3), 183 -204. (In Persian).
Huang, H., & Humphreys, B.R. (2012). Sports participation and happiness: Evidence from US micro data, Journal of Economic Psychology, 33, 776-793.
Izz al-Din Neda, social, economic and environmental factors affecting overweight and obesity; A review study. (2019) Journal of Health Research, 3 (4), 232-225. (In Persian).
Jafarzadeh DM, Shemshaki A, Kordi M. Hedatati M. Effect of 8 weeks of aerobic interval training on levels of lipocalin, Glucose.(2015). insulin and insulin resistance in obesity women. (In Persian).
Keramati, Ensi; Courage, Fatima; Khosravi, Hassan (2011). Investigating the relationship between social environment (school atmosphere) and the level of self-regulation in high school students. New Psychological Research (Psychology of Tabriz University),6 (23), 133-153. (In Persian).
Keroack, J. (2015). Exploring the Relationship Between Coaching Behavior and Developmental Outcomes Among Adolescent Female Athletes in Competitive Sport.
Khazaei, Salman; Allam Ali, Behzad; Noor Aliei, Parivash; A brave country, Muhammad; Saatchi, Mohammad; Jamorpour, Somayeh (2016). A study of the prevalence of obesity in primary school students in Iran: a structured review and meta-analysis. Monitoring,16 (1), 17-26. (In Persian).
Khoramabadi, Saeedeh; Saeedifard, Nasim; Ebrahimzadeh, Farzad; Fallahi Ebrahim (2017). A study of factors related to overweight and obesity in students in Khorramabad in the academic year 1391-1390. Journal of Scientific Research, 19 (1), 98-110. (In Persian).
Lopez-Legarrea, P., Olivares, P. R., Almonacid-Fierro, A., Gomez-Campos, R., Cossio-Bolaños, M., & Garcia-Rubio, J. (2015). Association between dietary habits and the presence of overweight/obesity in a sample of 21,385 chilean adolescents. Nutricion hospitalaria, 31(5), 2088-2094.
Mahdavi, Mohaddeseh. (2020) .Student Gilani The most obese Student StudentsCountry / The need to make free the sport's training. ISNA news site. https://www.isna.ir/news/99101409906
Martin, K., Bremner, A., Salmon, J., Rosenberg, M., & Giles-Corti, B. (2014). Physical, policy, and sociocultural characteristics of the primary school environment are positively associated with children's physical activity during class time. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 11(3), 553-563.
Ministry of Education (2010). Higher Education Council. (In Persian).
Ministry of Education (2020). Circular on weight and obesity control. (In Persian).
Ministry of Education. (2020). Active school circular.(In Persian).
Mirzaei, Mohsen; Karimi, Mehran (2010). Abundance of overweight and obesity in the first elementary school students in Yazd. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. ,18 (4), 43-49. (In Persian).
Mitchell, R., & Popham, F. (2008). Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. The lancet. 372(9650),1655-1660..
Mohammad Baqernia, Seyed Ali Keshavarz, Seyed Abolghasem Jazayeri, Mohammad Reza Marathi, Ramesh Alipour Birgani, Reza Daryabigi Khatbehsara et al.(2017). Assessment of the Relationship between Social Support and Nutritional Behaviors in Overweight and Obese Female Students in Middle Schools of Shahinshahr, Iran. hsr.; 12 (4), 414-419. (In Persian).
Mohammadi Zaidi, Issa; Pakpour Haji Agha, Amir; Akaberi, Arash (2013). The effectiveness of educational intervention on lifestyle modification of overweight male students in the first secondary school of Tonekabon. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences; 5 (3), 631-642. (In Persian).
Mohammadi, Asghar (2019). The effect of social factors on social happiness (Case study: Isfahan residents). Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 20 (4), 123-135. (In Persian).
Mohammadian, Mansour, Sahebeh Golkhandan Abolghasem; Golkhandan Davood; Khansari Mojtaba. (2015). Analysis of socio-economic factors affecting happiness. Welfare and social development planning; 7 (25), 125-163.(Persian).
Mossadegh Rad, Mohammad Ali; Jan Babaei, Qasim; Police station in Rudi, Hamed (2019). Justice in the geographical distribution of hospital beds in Iran. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences; 24 (6), 12-36. (In Persian).
Myers, D.G. (2002). Happy and Healthy. http: // abclocal.Go.Com / 68 – wls/ News / 012802 – hs – happy healthy.Htm 1. Prevention and control of cardiovascular disease, Alexandria Egypt: WHO; EMRO Tech Pub Series 22.
Navidnia, Manijeh (2014). Investigating the relationship between social security and lifestyle (research in Tehran) Khalkhal. Iranian Social Sciences Studies Quarterly, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal Branch; 11(41. (In Persian).
Pourranjbar Mohammad, Khodadadi Mohammad Rasoul, Ghorbanzadeh Behrooz, Masoumeh Kashmaki (2016). Correlation of facilitators and inhibitors with the level of participation in sports activities of female students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Health Promotion Management Quarterly. 5 (3),60-6. (In Persian).
Prins, R. G., Mohnen, S. M., van Lenthe, F. J., Brug, J., & Oenema, A. (2012). Are neighbourhood social capital and availability of sports facilities related to sports participation among Dutch adolescents?. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 90
Ramezani Nejad, Rahim,Loghmani, Mohsen(2010).The book of human resource management in sports (with the approach of job attitudes and considerations). Publisher of Guilan University Press, first edition, 457 .(Persian).
Robert Prohl, Josef Wiemeyer.(2016).Technology Integration in Physical Education. der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main,13-35.
Sallis, J., Prochaska, J., & Taylor, W. (2000). A review of correlates of physical activityof children and adolescents. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(5), 963-975
Soodai Zanozaq, Habibollah; Acceptable, Lily; Prophet's, Satisfied; Asl Rahimi Wahab. (2013). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Marand students. Monitoring. 12 (4), 415-422. (In Persian).
Stenholm, S. Head, J. Kivimäki, M. Kawachi, I. Aalto, V. Zins, M. ... & Vahtera, J. (2016). Smoking, physical inactivity and obesity as predictors of healthy and disease-free life expectancy between ages 50 and 75: a multicohort study. International journal of epidemiology. 45(4), 1260-1270.
Sudeck, G., & Pfeifer, K. (2016). Physical activity-related health competence as an integrative objective in exercise therapy and health sports – Conception and validation of a short questionnaire. Sportwissenschaft. 46(2), 74–87.
Taheri Ardakani, Toobi; Atabak, Reza (2015). A Study of the Role of Teachers and Schools in Education, The Second National Conference on Strategies for the Development and Promotion of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Counseling and Education in Iran, Tehran,31(5),98-110. (In Persian).
Tremblay, M. S., LeBlanc, A. G., Carson, V., Choquette, L., Connor Gorber, S., Dillman, C., ... & Kho, M. E. (2012). Canadian physical activity guidelines for the early years (aged 0–4 years). Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 37(2),345-356.
Weiss, Ahmad .(2014). Investigating the effect of visual communication media on the socialization of high school students (third and fourth grade) in Kuh-e Dasht city. Master Thesis, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (In Persian).
Yazachew, Meseret, & Alen, Y. (2004). Introduction to health education. Ethiopia public health training initiative,5-1.
Zare Shahabadi, Akbar; Turks, Mercy of God; Heidari, Mahmoud. (2013). Investigating the relationship between job satisfaction and social vitality in high school teachers in Jiroft. Applied Sociology; 23 (4): 165-188.Gibbone, A., Rukavina, P., & Silverman, S. (2010). Technology integration in secondary physical education: Teachers’ attitudes and practice. Journal of educational technology development and exchange (JETDE).3(1), 3.
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