understanding of the synergy between gender and professional identity of working women in managerial positions
Subject Areas : Woman and Societysyede aghileh mohammadi 1 , syed ysghub mousavi 2 , farah torkaman 3
1 - Ph.D. Candidate in Sociology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor in Sociology, Azahra University, Tehran
3 - Assistant Professor in Socioligy, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: women working managerial positions, synergy roles, positive head, strengthening and facilitating roles,
Abstract :
The purpose of this study is to answer three main questions: 1- Do women in managerial positions consider their professional and occupational identities in line with their gender identity? 2- How the professional identity of women working in managerial positions reinforces their gender and family plans? 3- What is the effect of gender norms of society on the profession of women working in managerial positions?
In order to achieve the research objectives, a qualitative method was used with a descriptive phenomenological approach, based on in-depth interview data collection techniques, and by targeted and criterion-based sampling method, with a Sample size of 30 women aged between 45-55 years old. For data analysis, the method of thematic analysis was used.
The results of the study fall into four main categories: Overflow of positive moral and psychological characteristics, synergy of power and social resources, facilitation and mutual reinforcement of professional and gender roles are classified. Findings show gender characteristics and norms are a key and prominent factor in job success and maintaining organizational status and effective management practices. It also leads to the dimensions of the professional identity of women working in managerial positions. It has led to better alignment and performance and it strengthened their role in the family.
-Najarzadeh.s. nargesian.a. safari.kh model of women leader ship style in managerial positions in public sector, with emphasis on the role of national culture, using multi- grounded theory . journal of public administration, vol, 12 no 1(2020)
2-balali e, sayah m, mohebi f, women entering mens jobs, causes and consequences, qualitiative analysis of expert opinions. journal of women in developmwnt and political. Vol 16, no 3,(2018)
3-Pluut, H., Ilies, R., Curşeu, P. L. & Liu, Y.. Social Support at Work and at Home: Dual-Buffering Effects in the Work-Family Conflict Process. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. (2018)
4-Vanderbroeck, P, The Traps that Keep Women from Reaching the Top and How to Avoid them; Journal of Management Development; 29(9); (2014)
5-Greenhaus, J. H., & N. J. Beutell, “Sources of conflict between work and family roles”. Academy of management review, 10(1), (2006).
6-Greenhaus, J.H. & Powell, G.N. “When work and family are allies: a theory of work-family enrichment”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 31 No. 1, (2009).
7-Warner, M. A. & P. A. Hausdorf, “The positive interaction of work and family roles”, .Journal of Managerial Psychology, (4), 24, (2009).
8-Barnett, R. C .J. S & Hyde,”Women, men, work, and family”, American Psychologist, (10) 56, (2011).
9-Brown, L.; Lahar, C.; clark, J. Age and gender-related differences in strategy use for route information: A"map-present" direction-giving paradigm; Environment and Behavior; 30(2). (2006)
10-Jenkins R. social identity . transltion by mierzabogi . Tehran, agah, (2019)
11-Stepanova, O .Work-Life Balance in Organizational Subcultures: The Case of Mutua .Doctoral Thesis(2012)
12-Carlson, D. S., K. M. Kacmar, J. H Wayne, & J.G Grzywacz, February “Measuring the positive side of the work–family interface: Development and validation of a work–family enrichment scale” .Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68 (1), (2006).
13-Super D. a life- space approach to career development. In D brown& L.books (eds), career choice and development. Applying contemporary theories to practice sanfransico , jessey-bass(1999)
14-Kasper, A.; Consciousness Re-Evaluated: Interpretive Theory and Feminist Scholarship; Sociological Inquiry (2010)
15-Karin H, savei J, soderbergh M, gender of immediate manger and women s wanges: the importance of managerial postion. Journal of social since research. 74, (2019)
16-Berlant, L.. The Female Complaint: The Unfinished Business of Sentimentality in American Culture. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. (2008)
17-Hiller, V.; Baudin, Th. Cultural Transmission and the Evolution of Gender Roles; Mathematical Social Sciences; 84.(2016)
18-Blackmore, J., & Sachs, J. Performing and Reforming Leaders: Gender, Educational Restructuring, and Organisational Change. New York: University of New York Press. (2007).
19-Jia, M., & Zhang, Z. Critical mass of women on BODs, multiple identities, and corporate philanthropic disaster response: Evidence from privately owned Chinese firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 118, (2013)
20-Torchia, M., Calabrò, A., & Huse, M. Women directors on corporate boards: From tokenism to critical mass. Journal of Business Ethics, 102,. (2013).
21-Powell, G.; Butterfield, A.; Parent, J. Gender and Managerial Stereotypes: Have the Times Changed; Journal of Management; 28(2); (2012)
22-Gerson, J.; Peiss, K. Boundaries, Negotiation, Consciousness: Reconceptualizing Gender Relations; Social Problems (2009)
23-Adams, G. A., L. A. King, & D. W. King, «Relationships of job and family involvement, family social support, and work–family conflict with job and life satisfaction». Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), (1996).
24-Stoner, C. R. & R. I. Hartman, “May - June .)Family responsibilities and career progress: The good, the bad, and the ugly”, Business Horizons, (3) 33, (1999).
25-Broschart, K. R..Feb .”Family Status and Professional Achievement: A Study of Women Doctorates”, .Journal of Marriage and Family, http://www.jstor.org(2003)
26-Burke, R.; Koyuncu, M.; Fiksenbaum, L ,Career Priority Patterns among Managerial and Professional Women in Turkey: Benefits of Putting Career First; Women in Management Review; (2007)
27-Marks, S. R.; Mac Demid, S. M; multiple roles and the self: a theory of role balance; Journal of Marriage and the Family; 58(2); (2016)
28-Kanter, R. M Some effects of proportions on group life: Skewed sex ratios and responses to token women. American Journal of Sociology, 82. (2007).
29-Anderson, S. E., B. S. Coffey, & R.T. Byerly, “Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-family conflict and job-related outcomes”. Journal of Management, 28(6), (2002).
30-Annor, F. “Managing Work and Family Demands: The Perspectives of Employed Parents in Ghana.” In: Z. Mokomane (Ed.), Work- Family Interface in Sub- Saharan Africa, Cambridge: University of Cambridge (2014)
31-Barnett, R.C. “Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/ family literature”,Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, Vol. 124 No. 2, (1998).
32-Beauregard, T. A .Family influences on the career life cycleدر. M. F. Ozbilgin & ,A. Malach-Pines ,Career Choice in Management and Entrepreneurship: a Research Companion Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. (2007)
33-Ahmad mohammadpur, qualitative research method counter method 2, jameeshenasan (2015)
34-Farasatkhah maghsoud, qualitative research method in social sienec,inspitional grudnded theory, agah, Tehran, (2019)
35-Charmaz Kathy, constructing grudnded theory, apractical guide through qualitative analysis. Tr kazemimuovahed mahzyar, rasa Tehran (2017)
36-Nazari. L. Women's leadership: An approach to breaking the glass ceiling. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society, 12 ,47(2021)
_||_