The effects of Objective and Subjective Indexes of Cultural Tourism on development of Khaf County

Subject Areas : Regional Planning

nasrolah baaghide ¹ , katayoon Alizadeh ² , hamid jafari ³

1 - Ph.D. Student Of Department Of Geography, Mashhad Branch, Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Associate Professor of Geography Department, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Associate Professor of Department of Geography, Mashhad Branch, Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

Received: 2021-09-21 Accepted : 2021-12-06 Published : 2024-02-20

Keywords: development, cultural tourism, Objective and, Subjective Indexes, Khaf County,

Abstract :

AbSTRACT
One of the forms of tourism that have been proposed in recent decades is "cultural tourism", which effectively promotes a society in order to achieve development. Creativity in culture seems to have become an elixir to solve a wide range of problems in today's societies, a region or territory can be analyzed through various components and on specific aspects such as issues related to the economic framework and focused on the demographic structure of the area, or natural resources and landscapes based on cultural resources. If these resources are inherently objectively and subjectively coherent, this coherence naturally affects local development processes, These processes can help achieve competitive goals such as economic growth, social welfare, cultural progress, and even environmental characteristics The main purpose of this study is also evaluating the effect of cultural tourism indicators, both objective and subjective, on the development of Khaf City. This research has been done by a descriptive-analytical method. Field and library methods have been used to collect data. The statistical population of the study is the tourists of Khaf City. The sample size was considered 190 people using Cochran's formula and a questionnaire was randomly distributed among them. The data of this study were analyzed using SPSS and Amos software. Findings show that all indicators of cultural tourism from the perspective of tourists in Khaf City except the index of access to the city and service to tourists are desirable, so to develop cultural tourism we need to develop infrastructure in this city.
Extended Abstract
 
Introduction
A region or territory can be analyzed through various components and focus on certain aspects, such as those related to the economic framework and demographic structure of the region, or natural resources and cultural resource-based landscapes. If these resources are inherently objectively and subjectively coherent, this naturally affects local development processes, which can help achieve competitive goals such as economic growth, social welfare, etc., cultural tourism is a complicated task because there are different definitions about cultural tourism because the motivations and interests of cultural tourists are different."Cultural tourism as a name means many things to many people with the strengths and weaknesses of tourism", different indicators are used to measure and feasibility of cultural tourism, if these resources are inherently both objectively and subjectively coherent, this naturally affects local development processes within the framework of tourism space modeling, tourism capabilities in different regions are examined. And by identifying the capabilities and the appropriate tourism market, the grounds for local authorities' action are provided for appropriate policy making. For this purpose, in the first step of explaining, tourism is an economic product. In fact, in order to "measure the capabilities and feasibility of tourism in each region, each of the five elements of tourism product, which includes attractions, access, facilities and infrastructure facilities, hospitality services, organizational and institutional elements, the main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of cultural tourism indicators, both objective and subjective, on the development of Khaf city.
 
Methodology
The method of study in this study is descriptive-analytical and survey. The main tool of this study is a questionnaire with 48 items whose content validity has been confirmed by experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha test (0.922). The results of this test are presented separately from each of the factors in Table 2. SPSS and Amos softwares have been used for data analysis. The sample size was calculated using Cochran formula of 190 people and questionnaires were distributed randomly in Khaf city. It should be noted that the statistical population of the study is all tourists in Khaf city.
 
Results and Discussion
Structural modeling was used to investigate the index of tourist attractions in the development of cultural tourism in Khaf city, the aim of this work is to identify the most important and influential variables in cultural tourism in Khaf city. Therefore, according to the theoretical foundations of the research, the third-order factor model was based on nine hidden factors that five objective factors of attractions, access, facilities and infrastructure, hospitality services, organizational and institutional elements were four factors of mental perception of beauty, sense of security, sense of calm and cultural identity. Third-order factorial models refer to models in which a number of hidden variables measure other hidden variables. Although modeling is not essentially exploratory and is not based on identification and discovery, however, in this study, each variable that has the ability to identify any of the nine hidden factors has entered the model process separately.
The findings of the third-order factor model show which variables are more important and have more significant effects on cultural tourism in Khaf city.
The obtained findings show that among the two objective and subjective indicators, this indicator is objective to be considered, of course, in the objective indicator, it is the organizational coordination that is the most effective objective factor that is considered in the planning of cultural tourism, among the subjective factors examined is this security factor which is the most important mental factor, the findings of the research show that All indicators of cultural tourism from the perspective of tourists in Khaf city other than the index of access to the city and services to tourists are desirable, so for the development of cultural tourism we need to develop infrastructures in this city, as well as non-standard values, standard error, critical ratio and covered area (p value) have been shown.
The results of the table indicate that all parameters of Lameda have a significant difference with zero value. The P value in all relationships is less than 50.0, indicating that all relationships in the model have been supported by empirical data.
 
Conclusion
One of the forms of tourism that has been raised in recent decades is "cultural tourism" which effectively advances the society towards development.
It seems that creativity in culture has become an elixir for a wide range of problems in today's societies, on the one hand, due to the evolution of tourism from recreational tourism to cultural tourism, and finally creative tourism and cultural diversity and richness of artworks and handicrafts in the country, which are the best support for the development of cultural tourism, on the other hand, the relationship between cultural heritage and tourism can be serviced. Tourism offers tourists, depends onThe decisions of tourists before visiting a destination, through information systems, bookings and purchases, the evaluation of this research shows that the city of Khaf for the development of cultural tourism among the subjective and objective factors should first pay attention to the objective factors of development, and in the meantime, this organizational coordination effective in the development of tourism and later raising the development of access infrastructures to the city and tourism areas should be considered. In the case of subjective factors of tourism development, tourists' mental security should be taken into consideration regarding the border of the city in the case of other mental indicators of tourism is equal importance.
 

References:

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