Measuring and prioritizing earthquake resilience in rural areas Case study: South and central Wilkije part of Namin County
Subject Areas : Regional Planningvahid taleihur 1 , mohamad zaheri 2 , soheyla bakhtar 3 , ashkan shafiee 4
1 - PhD Student of Geography and Rural Planning, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran .
2 - Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
3 - PhD Student of Geography and Rural Planning, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
4 - PhD Student of Geography and Rural Planning, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: Resilience, Earthquake, Sustainability, Rural Resilience, Natural Risks,
Abstract :
Rural resilience is a community oriented approch to promote preparedness of rural communities versus instability arising from risks. reducing the vulnerability of villagers by increasing the flexibility versus natural consequence is one of the features of managment, planing and development that is possible through identifiying effective factors on resilience strengthen.. This study is application in based on objective and descriptive- analytical in based on nature. The statistical population is 24 inhabited villages of the southern and central Wilkij villages with a population of 18,249 people. The sample size was estimated at 380 people based on the Cochran formula which disperses the number of samples in the villages proportionate to their population and Sample selection method in each village has been randomized systematically.To adjust questionnaire was used of the five resilience indicators in the form of 45 items. The reliability of the was evaluated based on Cronbach's Alpha of 0.91.To weigh indicators was used from the Shannon Entropy technique, to level the villages was used from decision techniques of Topsis, Vikor and Saw and to integrate the results was used by Kopeld Technique. Findings show government grants (0.027) is the most important criterion and dependence on location (0.016) is the least important criterion. The results of the leveling of the villages indicate this eight villages are on a good level, 10 villages on average six villages are also at weak levels. The results of one-sample t-test with a mean of 2.93 showed that the resilience of the villages of the southern and central Wilkij villages was lower than the average. It can be concluded that resilience against earthquake is not in good condition and the earthquake is a serious danger that threaten to rural areas.
Ahmed, I., Gajendran, T., Brewer, G., Maund, K., Meding, J.V., Mackee, J.(2018): Compliance To Building Codes For Disaster Resilience: Bangladesh And Nepal, Procedia Engineering, No 212 , Pp 986–993.
Ainuddin, A., Routray, J.K.(2012): Community Resilience Framework For An Earthquake Prone Area In Baluchistan, International Journal Of Disaster Risk Reduction, Volume 2, Pp: 25-36.
Amaratunga, D., Haigh, R.(2011): Post-Disaster Reconstruction Of The Built Environment - Building For Resilience, Wiley-Blackwell, U.K.
Badri, S. A., Ramezamzade Lasbooei, M., Asgari, A., Ghadiri Masoom, M., Salmani, M(2013): The Role Of Local Management In Promoting Spatial Resilience Against Natural Disasters With Emphasis On Floods, A Case Study: Two Areas Of Cheshmeh Kileh In Tonekabon And Sardabroud Kelardasht, Crisis Management, 3, Pp 37-48. (Persian)
Bargh, H., Hashemi, S., Jaafari, N(2017): Assessment Of Environmental Resilience Of Earthquake-Prone Villages, Case Study: Miracles Village Of Zanjan City, Rural Research And Planning, 6(1), Pp 81-97. (Persian)
Blanc, J., Rahill, J.R., Laconi, S., Mouchenik, Y.(2016): Religious Beliefs, PTSD, Depression And Resilience In Survivors Of The 2010 Haiti Earthquake, Journal Of Affective Disorders, Volume 190, Pp: 697-703.
Dadashpoor, H., Moloodi, J(2011): Investigation And Analysis Of Urban Hierarchy Structure In Ardabil Province, Geographical Space,11(34), Pp 102-131. (Persian)
Davis, I., Izadkhah, Y. (2006): Building Resilient Urban Communities, Article From OHI, Vol 31,No 1, Pp:11-21.
Etinay, N., Egbu, Ch., Murray, V.(2018): Building Urban Resilience For Disaster Risk Management And Disaster Risk Reduction, Procedia Engineering, No 212, Pp 575–582.
Falahi, A., Jalali, T(2013): Reconstruction Of Resilience From The Perspective Of Shahrif Design After The Bam Earthquake, Fine Arts - Architecture And Urban Planning, 18(3), Pp 5-16. (Persian)
Fang, Y., Zhu, F., Qiu, X., Zhao, Sh.(2018): Effects Of Natural Disasters On Livelihood Resilience Of Rural Residents In Sichuan, Habitat International, Volume 76, Pp 19–28.
Fani, Z., Masoomi, L(2016): Study And Evaluation Of Resilience Strategies In Lifestyle, Case Study: Shokoofeh Neighborhood Of North 11th District Of Tehran, Geography And Environmental Studies, 5(20), Pp 83-96. (Persian)
Farzadbehtash, M .R., Kainejad, M. A., Pirbabaei, M. T., Asgari, A (2013): Evaluation And Analysis Of Dimensions And Components Of Resilience In Tabriz Metropolis, Fine Arts - Architecture And Urban Planning, 18(3), Pp 33-42. (Persian)
Firdhous, M.F.M.(2015), Delivery And Adoption Of Cloud Computing Services In Contemporary Organizations, In: V. Chang, R.J. Walters, G. Wills (Eds.): IGI Global, Pp. 166–197.
Firdhous, M.F.M., Karuratane, P.M.(2018): A Model For Enhancing The Role Of Information And Communication Technologies For Improving The Resilience Of Rural Communities To Disasters, Procedia Engineering, No 212 , Pp707–714.
Folke,C., Et Al .(2002): Resilience And Sustainable Development: Building Adaptive Capacity In A World Of Transformations. Ambio, 31(5), Pp. 437- 440.
Ghafari, A., Pashazade, A., Aghaei, V(2017): Measurement And Prioritization Of Urban Resilience Against Earthquakes, Case Study: Ardabil City And Its Four Regions, Geography And Environmental Hazards, 21, Pp 45-65. (Persian)
Imani, B., Poorkhosrovani, M(2017): Spatial Analysis Of Hazardous Areas Of Ardabil City, Geography And Environmental Planning, 28(66), Pp: 109-128. (Persian)
Institute Of British Columbia, Office Of Applied Research. (2012): Rural Disaster Resilience Planning Guide Assessing Risks And Building Resilience For Disasters In Rural, Remote Andcoastal Communities.
Lizarralde, G., Valladares, A., Olivera, A., Bornstein, L., Gould, K., & Duyne Barenstein, J. (2015): A Systems Approach To Resilience In The Built Environment: The Case Of Cuba. Disasters, Vol 39, No1, 76–95.
Maguire, B., Hagen, P.C.(2007): Disesters And Communities: Understanding Social Resilience, The Australian Journal Of Emergenecy Management, Vol 22, Pp 16-20.
Mahmoodi, A., Rasooli, S. H(2017): Measuring And Evaluating The Reduction Of Earthquake Risks With Emphasis On Urban Resilience, New Research In Geography, Architecture And Urban Planning, 10, Pp 227-263. (Persian)
Malekan, A., Khani, F., Mitiei Langroodi, S. H., Darban Astane, A(2020): Analysis Of The Role Of Social Capital On The Promotion Of Drought Resilience, Case Study: Kangavar Villages, Marvdasht Regional Planning,, 10(38), Pp 65-80. (Persian)
Manyena, S. B. (2006): The Concept Of Resilience Revisited, Disasters, Vol 30, No 4, Pp: 433–450.
Mayunga, J.S.(2007): Understanding And Applying The Concept Of Community Disaster Resilience: A Capital- Based Approach, A Draft Working Paper Prepared For The Summer Academy For Social Vulnerability And Resilience Building, 22-28 July.
Meng, Z., Wu, X., Han, L.(2018): Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Post-Traumatic Growth Among The Adult Survivors Of The Lushan Earthquake: Selecting Resilience As The Moderator, International Journal Of Disaster Risk Reduction, No 27, Pp524-529.
Mitchell, T., Harris, K.(2012): Resilience: A Risk Management Approach, Background Note, ODI.
Nazmfar, H., Alibakhshi, A(2014): Assessing The Extent To Which The Cities Of Khuzestan Province Have Development Indicators Using The Integration Technique, Geographical Arrangement Of Space, 4(14), Pp 151-178. (Persian)
Nikmardnamin, S., Barakpoor, N., Abdolahi, M(2014): Reducing Earthquake Risks By Emphasizing The Social Factors Of The Resilience Approach; Case Study: District 22 Of Tehran, Quarterly Journal Of Urban Management, 37, Pp 19-34. (Persian)
Noori, S. H., Sepahvand, F(2016), Resilience Analysis Of Rural Settlements Against Natural Hazards With Emphasis On Earthquake, Case Study: Shirvan Rural District Of Boroujerd City, Rural Research, 7 (2), Pp275-285. (Persian)
Piran, P., Asadi, S., Dadgar, N(2017): Investigating The Role Of Social Resilience In The Success Of The Reconstruction Process, A Case Study: Rural Communities Of Darb-E-Astaneh And Babapashman After The 2006 Earthquake, Silakhor Plain Of Lorestan Province, Housing And Rural Environment, 157, Pp 87-100. (Persian)
Prelog, A.J., Miller, L.M.(2013): Perceptions Of Disaster Risk And Vulnerability In Rural Texas, Journal Rural Social Sciences.No 28, Pp: 1–31.
Rafieian, M. Rezaei, M. R., Asgari, A., Parhizgar, A., Shaian, S(2011): Explain The Concept Of Resilience And Its Indexing In Community-Based Accident Management, Space Planning And Planning, 15(4), Pp 19-41. (Persian)
Rezaei, M. R., Rafieian, M. Hoseini, S. M(2015): Measuring And Evaluating The Physical Resilience Of Urban Communities To Earthquakes, Case Study: Neighborhoods Of Tehran, Human Geography Research, 47(4), Pp 609-623. (Persian)
Roknodin Eftekhari, A. R., Mosavi, S. M., Poortaheri, M., Farajzade, M(2014): Analysis Of The Role Of Livelihood Diversity In Rural Resilience In Drought Conditions, Case Study: Drought Exposed Areas Of Isfahan Province, Journal Of Rural Research, 5(3), Pp 639-662. (Persian)
Rutter, M., Anita, T., Daniel, S., Pine, J., Leckman, F., Stephen, S., Margaret, J., Eric T. (2015): Resilience: Concepts, Findings, And Clinical Implications, Rutter's Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, No 29,Pp 341-351.
Sadeghloo, T., Sojasi Ghaidari, H(2014): Prioritization Of Effective Factors On Increasing Farmers' Resilience Against Natural Hazards With Emphasis On Drought, Case Study, Rural Farmers Of Ijroud City, Geography And Environmental Hazards, 10(2), Pp 129-153. (Persian)
Salehi, E., Aghbabaei, M. T., Sarmadi, H., Farzadbehtash, M .R(2011): Investigation Of Environmental Resilience Using Causal Network Model, Ecology, 37(59), Pp 99-112. (Persian)
Schouten, M.,Van Der, H. M., Heijman, W. (2009): Resilience Of Social-Ecological Systems In European Rural Areas: Theory And Prospects, 113th Eaae Seminar “The Role Of Knowledge, Innovation And Human Capital In Multifunctional Agriculture And Territorial Rural Development”, Belgrade, Republic Of Serbia, December 9-11.
Shaluf, I.M.(2007): Disaster Types, International Journal Disaste Prevention Management. No 16, Pp704–717.
Sharifinia, Z(2019): Evaluation Of Social Resilience Of Rural Areas Against Floods Using FANS And WASPAS Model, Case Study: Chahardangeh Section Of Sari City, Geography And Environmental Hazards, 30, Pp 1-26. (Persian)
Tachibana, A., Kitamura, H., Shindo, M., Honma, H., Someya, T.(2014): Psychological Distress In An Earthquake-Devastated Area With Pre-Existing High Rate Of Suicide ,Psychiatry Research, Volume 219, Issue 2, Pp 336-340.
Tarhan, C., Aydin, C., Tecim, V.(2016): How Can Be Disaster Resilience Built With Using Sustainable Development?, Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences, No 216, Pp452 – 459.
UNDP.(2015): Work For Human Development, United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY.
Statistical Yearbook)2016(: Statistics Center of Iran.
_||_