Investigate of Extant Laws and the Performance Agencies Charge of the Optimal Management of Urban Wastes (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis)

Subject Areas : Regional Planning

Rasool Afzali ¹ , Razgar Hamzepour ² , Sadegh Karimi ³ , Ahmad pourahmad ⁴

1 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار آب و هواشناسی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران
4 - ستاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

Received: 2015-10-21 Accepted : 2017-02-18 Published : 2017-01-20

Keywords: Tehran metropolis, Waste, Urban waste management, Waste's rules and regulations, Organizational functions,

Abstract :

In this research, urban waste rules and regulations adopted by Iran have been studied in order to determine to what extent these regulations help the proper management of the urban waste. Also, considering to what extent different organizations related to this subject can be useful in the optimal management of waste in the country. This analytical-descriptive research was used library resource information an survey data in order to perform the analysis. The survey tool was a questionnaire that was distributed based on snowball method among International experts in waste management organizations Tehran municipality, environmental protection and studies and urban planning center of Tehran. The reliability of Likert-questionnaire was 0.735 based on Cronbach’s alpha. The results showed the best performance is related to local organizations (the average rating=5.27) and the weakest performance is related to IRIB (the average ratings= 2.85). Environmental Protection Agency, as one of the main custodians of municipal solid waste management (with an average ranking 3.65), has weak results among relevant organizations. Finally, one sample T-test proper was evaluated for waste management. So, article 7 of the Law on Waste Management is identified as the most the most suitable criteria for optimal management of waste.

References:

1. Abbasvand, M. (2008): Review process municipal solid waste management in Golestan province, Mashhad Fourth National Conference on Waste Management, organizations, municipalities and RMs country, the Environmental Protection Agency. (In Persian)


2. Abbasvand, M. and Abbasvand, M. (2012): Municipal solid waste management, printing, Tehran: Organization of municipalities and RMs country. (In Persian)


3. Abdoli, M. A. Tavakoli, B. and Minhaj, M.H. (2011): Special waste management strategy to preserve nature and the urban environment, geographical landscape magazine (human studies), Vol. 6, No. 15, pp: 88-101. (In Persian)


4. Abdoli, M.A (1993): Solid waste management system and its control solutions, Tehran: Tehran Municipality (of recycling and transforming materials). (In Persian)


5. Azizi, A. (2012): Participation of citizens in waste management (Case Study: Tehran 20th District), the Fourth National Student Conference Geography, Tehran University. (In Persian)


6. Bishnu, Tmilshna. (2001): Public and Private Factors Involvement in Municipal Solid Waste Management, London.


7. Centers for Disease control and prevention. Healthcare infection control practices Advisory committee (HICPAC). (2001): Draft guideline for Environmental infection control in healthcare Facilities, 96-101.


8. Chris, Zurbragg. (2003): Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries, EAEAG.


9. Consulting Engineers Zysta fan- CEZ (2010): A review of waste management in National Gas Company, course HSE.


10. Diaz, R., and Warith, M. (2005): Life-cycle assessment of municipal solid Wastes: development of the wasted model. Waste management, 26:8.886-901.


11. Farzadkia, M, Jorfi, S. and Ravanipour, M. (2009): Evaluation of comprehensive waste management plan in Tehran in Horizon 2013, the Twelfth National Conference of Environmental Health, Tehran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian)


12. Ghadiri.M, M, Bayat, N. Rastegar, E. Ghanbarinasab, A. and Ghassabi, M.J. (2012): Environmental effects of the industry in rural areas (Case Study: Ghahrood garment manufacturing industry - Kashan), Journal of Regional Planning, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp: 25-35. (In Persian)


13. Haydari.D, F. (2012): Urban waste management, Monthly education, research, city and landscape, Vol.3, No.25. (In Persian)


14. Kanat, G. (2010): Municipal solid- waste management in Istanbul Journal of waste manage vol 30(8-9): 1737- 1745.


15. La convention de Bal. (1989): Sur la controle des mourement trans frontiers de dechets dangereax ET leur elimination. Ratfiee par la France le 7 janvier1991.


16. La convention. (1997): de Vienne sur la gestion des dechets radioactifs.


17. Lichani, D. et al (1388): A new experience in rural waste management (Case study: 72 Village Fereydunshahr- Isfahan), Twelfth National Conference on Environmental Health, Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. (In Persian)


18. Mahmoodabadi, H. and Yazdi, M. (2011): Recycling of municipal waste, printing, Meibod: Islamic Azad University. (In Persian)


19. Malakootian, M. and Kamyar,  Y. (2003): Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Kerman in the field of solid waste management, Faculty of Health and Medical Research Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 8, pp: 27-38. (In Persian)


20. Mashhadi, A. (2007): Waste management in Iranian and French law with an emphasis on waste management law, enacted in 2004, Waste Management Magazine, No. 8, pp. 224-229. (In Persian)


21. Moharamnejad, N. and Tehrani, M. (2008): Municipal waste management in the metropolis of the country to investigate the internal and external factors using SWOT, Fourth National Conference on Waste Management, 2 and 3 May, Mashhad. (In Persian)


22. Monavari, S.M and Shar-ei, F.A. (2002): Municipal solid waste management and collection design, printing, Tehran: SID, Amir Kabir unit. (In Persian)


23. Omrani, Q.A. (1998): Solid Waste, Vol. 2, Islamic Azad University. (In Persian)


24. Ramesht, M.H. Hatamifard, R. and Mousavi, S.H. (2012): Municipal solid waste landfill site selection using AHP model and techniques of GIS (Case Study: Kuhdasht), Geography and Planning, Vol. 17, No. 44, pp. 119-128. (In Persian)


25. Saeidnia, A. (2003): The Green Book municipalities: municipal waste, municipalities Nations publication, Vol.7, 2nd edition, Tehran. (In Persian)


26. Safari, A. (2013): Analysis of environmental risks and strategies for waste management in rural areas (Case Study: Central Aharood, Garmi Town), Economy of Space and Rural Development Quarterly, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp: 71-91. (In Persian)


27. Selahvarzi, M. (2007): Management's assessment solid waste disposal in Kermanshah, Master's thesis in the field of environment (assessment and land use planning), to help Doctor Ghasem Ali Omrani, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research. (In Persian)


28. Shirazi, H. (2004): Collect waste in Germany and Iran, Waste Management magazine, No. 4, Tehran: Municipalities. (In Persian)


29. Skordilis, A. (2004): Modeling of integrated solid Waste management systems in an island. Resources, conservation and Recycling, 41: 243-254.


30. Tanskanen, J.h (2000): Strategic planning of Municipal Solid Waste management Journal of convervstion and recycling vol 30:111-133.


31. Tayyebi, J. Raeisi, P. and Nasiripour.P, A.A. (2003): Strategic management implementation in hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, No. 27, pp: 60-54. (In Persian)


32. Tehran Urban Research & Planning Center – TURPC. (2013): Check waste management process in the world and Iran, Report 207. (In Persian)


33. Tehran Urban Research & Planning Center – TURPC. (2013): Legal status and organizational structure of waste management in the country, Journal of City Knowledge, No. 199. (In Persian)


34. Tehran Waste Management Organization-TWMO. (2014): www. Pasmand.Tehran.ir.


35. Xiymin. F, Z. Minghua., Z.Xi. And H. Qichang, A. Rovetta. (2010): Logistics systems and intelligent management, 2010 International Conference on Vol 978- 1- 4244-7331-1:1905-1909.


36. Yi.X.B. Xuemei, O. Zhiyun, Z,Hua.X. Fangfang. (2007): The composition, trend and impact of urban solid waste in beijing, chinese academy of science, environ monit assess, VoL 135(1-3): 21-30.


37. Zezoli, M.A, Belarak. D, Mahdavi, Y. and BarafrashtehPour, M. (2012): Quantitative analysis of qualitative urban waste Tabriz, Journal of Mazandaran Medical, Vol. 22, No. 98, pp. 86-90. (In Persian)