The Role of Organizational and Personal Resilience in Women's Digital Business and Entrepreneurship Culture
Subject Areas : ManagementMoahammad Bashokouh Ajirloo 1 , Niksa Jabari Kordlar 2
1 - Professor, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 - Master's student in entrepreneurship, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Keywords: Organizational Resilience, Women digital entrepreneurship, Personal Resilience,
Abstract :
The aim of this research was to study the role of organizational and personal resilience in women's digital business and entrepreneurship culture. The research universe included all studied and texts related to digital business and entrepreneurship culture. The sample encased the topics and texts contents related to women’s digital business and entrepreneurship culture. The research was designed as a descriptive and analytical type. To collect data a library method via note taking on index cards was implemented. Then the data was analyzed through content analysis procedure. The results revealed that resilience was an important feature in the personality and character of the entrepreneur and was considered as a fundamental aspect in the entrepreneurial process. Resilience drive the organization towards achieving successful results and it could help companies manage adversity. Organizational resilience was especially important for small businesses and startups. Also, at the level of personal resilience, researchers referred to it as cognitive and behavioral characteristics. Resilient individuals had an optimistic, passionate and energizing outlook on life and were interested in new experiences. From a psychological point of view, resilient people were those who were able to withstand stress and deal with pressure. Also, the findings indicated that entrepreneurship played an important role in strengthening business culture, economic prosperity and improving national welfare. The development of technology provided a series of opportunities for women entrepreneurs to explore and expand their business operations. The communication technology development led to the birth of social media networks that enable female entrepreneurs to innovate in marketing practices.
Acs, Z. J., Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., & Szerb, L. (2018). Entrepreneurship, institutional economics, and economic growth: an ecosystem perspective. Small Business Economics, 51, 501-514. URL: https://doi:10.1007/s11187-018-0013-9.
Al‐Dajani, H., Carter, S., Shaw, E., & Marlow, S. (2015). Entrepreneurship among the displaced and dispossessed: Exploring the limits of emancipatory entrepreneuring. British Journal of Management, 26(4), 713-730. URL: https:// doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12119.
Alhothali, G. T., & Al-Dajani, H. (2022). Emotions and resilience in Saudi women’s digital entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 14(14), 8794. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148794.
Alsahli, M., & Al-Dajani, H. (2021). Women's Entrepreneurship in a Transitioning Saudi Arabia. Women, Entrepreneurship and Development in the Middle East, 72-90. URL: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003120407-4
Althalathini, D., Al-Dajani, H., & Apostolopoulos, N. (2022). The impact of Islamic feminism in empowering women’s entrepreneurship in conflict zones: Evidence from Afghanistan, Iraq and Palestine. Journal of Business Ethics, 178(1), 39-55. URL: https://DOI: 10.1007/s10551-021-04818-z.
Baker, L. R., & Cormier, L. A. (2014). Disasters and vulnerable populations: Evidence-based practice for the helping professions. Springer Publishing Company. URL: https://www.amazon.com/Disasters-Vulnerable-Populations-Evidence-Based-Professions/dp/0826198457
Baranauskas, G., & Raišienė, A. G. (2022). Transition to digital entrepreneurship with a quest of sustainability: Development of a new conceptual framework. Sustainability, 14(3), 1104. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031104
Bhamra, R., Dani, S., & Burnard, K. (2011). Resilience: the concept, a literature review and future directions. International journal of production research, 49(18), 5375-5393. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563826.
Bullough, A., Renko, M., & Myatt, T. (2014). Danger zone entrepreneurs: The importance of resilience and self-efficacy for entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory andPractice, 38(3), 473–499. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12006.
Cannon, T., Twigg, J., & Rowell, J. (2003). Social vulnerability, sustainable livelihoods and disasters. Report to DFID conflict and humanitarian assistance department (CHAD) and sustainable livelihoods support office, 93, 1-63. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254398816_Social_Vulnerability_Sustainable_Livelihoods_and_Disasters.
Chadwick, I. C., & Raver, J. L. (2020). Psychological Resilience and Its Downstream Effects for Business Survival in Nascent Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(2), 233-255. URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258718801597
Colombo, M. G., & Delmastro, M. (2001). Technology-based entrepreneurs: does internet make a difference?. Small Business Economics, 16, 177-190. URL: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011127205758.
Conz, E., & Magnani, G. (2020). A dynamic perspective on the resilience of firms: A systematic literature review and a framework for future research. European Management Journal, 38(3), 400–412. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.12.004.
Conz, E., & Magnani, G. (2020). A dynamic perspective on the resilience of firms: A systematic literature review and a framework for future research. European Management Journal, 38(3), 400-412. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.12.004.
Conz, E., Denicolai, S., & Zucchella, A. (2017). The resilience strategies of SMEs in mature clusters. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 11(1), 186-210. URL: https://doi.org/10. 1108/JEC-02-2015-0015
Corrêa, V. S., Brito, F. R. D. S., Lima, R. M. D., & Queiroz, M. M. (2022). Female entrepreneurship in emerging and developing countries: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 14(3), 300-322. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-08-2021-014.
Corrêa, V. S., Lima, R. M. D., Brito, F. R. D. S., Machado, M. C., & Nassif, V. M. J. (2022). Female entrepreneurship in emerging and developing countries: A systematic review of practical and policy implications and suggestions for new studies. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 1(2), 10. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-04-2022-0115
Cutter, S. L., Ahearn, J. A., Amadei, B., Crawford, P., Eide, E. A., Galloway, G. E., ... & Zoback, M. L. (2013). Disaster resilience: A national imperative. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 55(2), 25-29. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2013.768076.
Cutter, S. L., Burton, C. G., & Emrich, C. T. (2010). Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions. Journal of homeland security and emergency management, 7(1), 1-5. URL: https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1732.
Duchek, S. (2018). Entrepreneurial resilience: a biographical analysis of successful entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(2), 429-455. URL:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0467-2.
Duchek, S. (2020). Organizational resilience: a capability-based conceptualization. Business research, 13(1), 215-246. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-019-0085-7.
Fernandes, C., Ferreira, J. J., Veiga, P. M., Kraus, S., & Dabić, M. (2022). Digital entrepreneurship platforms: Mapping the field and looking towards a holistic approach. Technology in Society, 70, 101979. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101979.
Fonseca, L. M., Domingues, J. P., & Dima, A. M. (2020). Mapping the sustainable development goals relationships. Sustainability, 12(8), 3359. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083359.
Herbane, B. (2019). Rethinking organizational resilience and strategic renewal in SMEs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31(5-6), 476-495. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1541594.
Hull, C. E. K., Hung, Y. T. C., Hair, N., Perotti, V., & DeMartino, R. (2007). Taking advantage of digital opportunities: A typology of digital entrepreneurship. International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 4(3), 290-303. URL: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJNVO.2007.015166
Humphrey, R. H. (2013). The benefits of emotional intelligence and empathy to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(3), 287-294. URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2013-0057.
Jesse, B. J., Heinrichs, H. U., & Kuckshinrichs, W. (2019). Adapting the theory of resilience to energy systems: a review and outlook. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 9(1), 1-19. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-019-0210-7.
Kendra, J. M., Clay, L. A., & Gill, K. B. (2018). Resilience and disasters. Handbook of disaster research, 87-107. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_5
König, M., Ungerer, C., Baltes, G., & Terzidis, O. (2019). Different patterns in the evolution of digital and non-digital ventures' business models. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 844-852. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.05.006.
Kraus, S., Palmer, C., Kailer, N., Kallinger, F. L., & Spitzer, J. (2019). Digital entrepreneurship: A research agenda on new business models for the twenty-first century. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(2), 353-375. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2018-0425.
Le Dinh, T., Vu, M. C., & Ayayi, A. (2018). Towards a living lab for promoting the digital entrepreneurship process. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(1), 1-17. URL: https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Towards-a-living-lab-for-promoting-the-digital-entreprenp-process-%2022-1-130.pdf
Lee, J., & Wang, J. (2017). Developing entrepreneurial resilience: Implications for human resource development. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(6), 519-539. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-12-2016-0090.
Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human resource management review, 21(3), 243-255. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.07.001
Li, M. H., & Nishikawa, T. (2012). The relationship between active coping and trait resilience across US and Taiwanese college student samples. Journal of College Counseling, 15(2), 157-171. URL: https://doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2012.00013.x.
Lightfoot, E. S., Lesen, A. E., & Ferreira, R. J. (2020). Gender and resilience in Gulf Coast communities: Risk and protective factors following a technological disaster. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 101716. URL:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101716.
Linnenluecke, M. K. (2017). Resilience in business and management research: A review of influential publications and a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 4e30. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12076.
Lopez-Cabarcos, M. A., Vazquez-Rodríguez, P., & Pi~neiro-Chousa, J. R. (2016). Combined antecedents of prison employees' affective commitment using fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5534–5539. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.167.
Malik, S., & Mantas, C. (2021). The adoption of social media platforms in informal home-based businesses in kuwait. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 9(3), 273-287. URL: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.73.2021.93.273.287.
Martinez Dy, A., Martin, L., & Marlow, S. (2018). Emancipation through digital entrepreneurship? A critical realist analysis. Organization, 25(5), 585-608. URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508418777891
McAdam, M., Crowley, C., & Harrison, R. T. (2019). To boldly go where no [man] has gone before-institutional voids and the development of women's digital entrepreneurship. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 912-922. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.051
Muehlfeld, K., Urbig, D., & Weitzel, U. (2017). Entrepreneurs’ exploratory perseverance in learning settings. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(4), 533–565. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12224.
Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. (2019). The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes. Research policy, 48(8), 103773. URL: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.respol.2019.03.018.
Nisula, A. M., & Olander, H. (2023). The role of motivations and self-concepts in university graduate entrepreneurs’ creativity and resilience. Journal of Small Business Management, 61(2), 265-294. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2020.1760030.
Pérez-López, M. C., González-López, M. J., & Rodríguez-Ariza, L. (2016). Competencies for entrepreneurship as a career option in a challenging employment environment. Career Development International, 21(3), 214-229. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-07-2015-0102.
Prasastyoga, B., Harinck, F., & Van Leeuwen, E. (2021). The role of perceived value of entrepreneurial identity in growth motivation. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 27(4), 989–1010. DOI: 10.1108/IJEBR-03-2020-0170.
Rashid, S., & Ratten, V. (2020). A systematic literature review on women entrepreneurship in emerging economies while reflecting specifically on SAARC countries. in: Ratten, V. (eds). Entrepreneurship and Organizational Change. Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham.URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35415-2_4.
Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2017). Small business and entrepreneurship: their role in economic and social development. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 29(1-2), 1-3. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2016.1255438.
Ribes-Giner, G., Moya-Clemente, I., Cervell_o-Royo, R., & Perello-Marin, M. R. (2018). Domestic economic and social conditions empowering female entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Research, 89, 182–189. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.005.
Richtnér, A., & Löfsten, H. (2014). Managing in turbulence: how the capacity for resilience influences creativity. R&d Management, 44(2), 137-151. URL; https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12050.
Rindova, V., Barry, D., & Ketchen, D. J. (2009). Introduction to Special Topic Forum: Entrepreneuring as Emancipation. The Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 477–491. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27760015
Saad, M. H., Hagelaar, G., van der Velde, G., & Omta, S. W. F. (2021). Conceptualization of SMEs’ business resilience: A systematic literature review. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1938347. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1938347.
Saks, A. M. (1994). Moderating effects of self‐efficacy for the relationship between training method and anxiety and stress reactions of newcomers. Journal of organizational behavior, 15(7), 639-654. URL: https://doi:10.1002/job.4030150707.
Sharma, S., & Rautela, S. (2022). Entrepreneurial resilience and self-efficacy during global crisis: study of small businesses in a developing economy. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 14(6), 1369-1386. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2021-0123.
Siagian, T. H., Purhadi, P., Suhartono, S., & Ritonga, H. (2014). Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Indonesia: Driving factors and policy implications. Natural hazards, 70, 1603-1617. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0888-3.
Small Business Administration. (2012). Do economic or industry factors affect business survival. US Small Business Administration. URL: https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/Business-Survival.pdf
Steininger, D. M., Kathryn Brohman, M., & Block, J. H. (2022). Digital entrepreneurship: what is new if anything?. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 64(1), 1-14. URL:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-021-00741-9.
Tajvidi, R., & Tajvidi, M. (2021). The growth of cyber entrepreneurship in the food industry: Virtual community engagement in the COVID-19 era. British Food Journal, 123(10), 3309-3325. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-06-2020-0559.
Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of personality and social psychology, 86(2), 320. URL: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320.
Verreynne, M. L., Ho, M., & Linnenluecke, M. (2018). Editorial for the special issue on: organizational resilience and the entrepreneurial firm. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 24(7), 1122-1128. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2018-533.
Williams, T. A., Gruber, D. A., Sutcliffe, K. M., Shepherd, D. A., & Zhao, E. Y. (2017). Organizational response to adversity: Fusing crisis management and resilience research streams. Academy of management annals, 11(2), 733-769. URL: https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0134.
Zhai, Y., Yang, K., Chen, L., Lin, H., Yu, M., & Jin, R. (2023). Digital entrepreneurship: global maps and trends of research. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 38(3), 637-655. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-05-2021-0244.
Zhu, G., Chou, M. C., & Tsai, C. W. (2020). Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic exposing the shortcomings of current supply chain operations: A long-term prescriptive offering. Sustainability, 12(14), 5858. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145858.
_||_