Comparison of mortality rates, clinical signs, and recovery time in dogs infected with canine parvovirus and kobuviruses

Subject Areas : Smal Animal Medicine

Ali Raggol ¹ , seyed morteza razaghi manesh ^{2 *} , shaqayeq Ghannad ³

1 - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Graduate, Department of Veterinary Medicine Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
2 - Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
3 - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Student, Department of Veterinary Medicine Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

Received: 2025-03-30 Accepted : 2025-07-07 Published : 2025-11-15

Keywords: Canine parvovirus, Canine kobuvirus, Dog, PCR, Mortality,

Abstract :

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious viral disease of dogs that primarily causes acute gastroenteritis in puppies. Canine kobuvirus (CaKoV) is another globally distributed pathogen that is mainly associated with gastrointestinal infections, although its etiological role in enteric disease remains unclear. In this study, thirty dogs showing clinical signs such as fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and lethargy, referred to veterinary clinics in Tehran over a one-year period, were examined. Fecal samples were tested for CPV and CaKoV using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence rates of CPV and CPV–CaKoV co-infection were 66.6% and 16.6%, respectively. Dogs with co-infection exhibited more severe and prolonged clinical signs, including vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration, compared with those infected with CPV alone. The overall mortality rate in the co-infection group (40%) was significantly higher than in the CPV-only group (20%). Likewise, the mean duration of hospitalization was significantly longer in the co-infected dogs (8 days) than in the CPV-only group (6 days).

Overall, co-infection with canine parvovirus and canine kobuvirus is associated with more severe clinical manifestations, higher mortality, and longer recovery time compared with single CPV infection. These findings highlight the importance of considering possible co-infection with CaKoV in the clinical management of parvoviral disease in dogs and emphasize the need for continued research on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of these viral infections in canine populations.

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