Comparison of oxidative stress between Cytauxzoon feli infected and healthy cats
Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Kimia Zafari
1
,
Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian
2
*
1 - Graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran.
Keywords: Blood parasite, Cat, Cytauxzoon felis, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative stress. ,
Abstract :
Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging infectious disease that affects feral as well as domestic cats. This disease is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Cytauxzoon. Evaluation of oxidative stress indicators can clarify the adverse effects of Cytauxzoon¬ felis parasite on domestic cats. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of C. ¬felis parasite in cats of Shahrekord, Iran and to evaluate oxidative stress indicators in cats infected with C. ¬felis and compare it with healthy cats. This experimental study was conducted on blood samples of 100 cats that were referred to Shahrekord Veterinary Laboratory. Blood samples were taken in two separate test tubes for molecular analysis and determination of antioxidant parameters including catalase and lipid peroxidation. After collecting the samples, the PCR test was performed and oxidative stress markers were measured. The results of the present study showed that 3% of examined cats were infected with C. ¬felis, and the level of catalase enzyme in the cats infected with C. ¬felis was reduced by 9% compared to the healthy group, which was statistically significant (p=0.004). Moreover, lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased in cats infected with C.¬ felis compared to the parasite-free group (p=0.021). The findings of the present study showed that the prevalence of C.¬ felis parasite in cats was 3%. A decrease in the level of catalase enzyme and an increase in lipid peroxidation were observed in cats infected with C.¬ felis compared to cats free of the parasite.
• Aslahnezhad, Z., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P. and Oryan, S. (2022). Effect of magnesium sulfate on letrozole-induced oxidative stress in ovarian tissue of adult female Wistar rats. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 16(61): 1-14.
• Brown, H.M., Latimer, K.S., Erikson, L.E., Cashwell, M.E., Britt, J.O. and Peterson, D.S. (2008). Detection of persistent cytauxzoon felis infection by polymerase chain reaction in three asymptomatic domestic cats. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 20(4): 485-488.
• Carli, E., Trotta, M., Chinelli, R., Drigo, M., Sinigoi, L., Tosolini, P., et al. (2012). Cytauxzoon sp. infection in the first endemic focus described in domestic cats in Europe. Veterinary Parasitology, 183(3-4): 343-352.
• Díaz-Regañón, D., Villaescusa, A., Ayllón, T., Rodríguez-Franco, F., Baneth, G., Calleja-Bueno, L., et¬ al. (2017). Molecular detection of Hepatozoon spp. and Cytauxzoon sp. in domestic and stray cats from Madrid, Spain. Parasites and Vectors, 10(1): 1-9.
• Frontera-Acevedo, K., Balsone, N.M., Dugan, M.A., Makemson, C.R., Sellers, L.B., Brown, H.M., et al. (2013). Systemic immune responses in Cytauxzoon felis-infected domestic cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 74(6): 901-909.
• Haber, M.D., Tucker, M.D., Marr, H.S., Levy, J.K., Burgess, J., Lappin, M.R., et al. (2007). The detection of Cytauxzoon felis in apparently healthy free-roaming cats in the USA. Veterinary Parasitology, 146(3-4): 316-32.
• Irwin, P. (2012). Babesiosis and cytauxzoonosis. In BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Haematology and Transfusion Medicine. BSAVA Library. pp: 74-80.
• Jalovecka, M., Hajdusek, O., Sojka, D., Kopacek, P. and Malandrin, L. (2018). The complexity of piroplasms life cycles. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 8: 248.
• Karaca, M., Akkan, H.A., Tutuncu, M., Ozdal, N., Deger, S. and Agaoglu, Z. (2007). Cytauxzoonosis in Van cats. Van Veterinary Journal, 18(1): 37-39.
• Karimi Dehkordi, M. and Ghasemian, S.O. (2022). Assessment of oxidative stress indexes and BCS in clinical mastitis cows in comparison with healthy cows. Veterinary Clinical Pathology The Quarterly Scientific Journal, 16(61): 29-42.
• Kiani Monfared, K., Mohammadi, G.R., Taghavi Razavizadeh, S.A. and Heidarpour, M. (2018). The status of oxidative stress and some trace elements, hematological and serum biochemical indices in dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 12(4): 379-391.
• Kozan, E., Avcı, G., Sevimli, F.K., Birdane, F.M. and Köse, M. (2010). Determine of the antioxidant levels and some biochemical parameters on infected with ascaridiosis and treated dogs. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 57(2): 93-97.
• Krishna, H., Avinash, K., Shivakumar, A., AL-Tayar, N.G.S. and Shrestha, A.K. (2021). x Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 251: 119358.
• Mylonakis, M. E., Schreeg, M., Chatzis, M.K., Pearce, J., Marr, H.S., Saridomichelakis, M.N., et al. (2018). Molecular detection of vector-borne pathogens in Greek cats. Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases, 9(2): 171-175.
• Nagamori, Y., Slovak, J.E. and Reichard, M.V. (2016). Prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis infection in healthy free-roaming cats in north-central Oklahoma and central Iowa. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports, 2(1): 1-4.
• Negre-Salvayre, A., Auge, N., Ayala, V., Basaga, H., Boada, J., Brenke, R., et al. (2010). Pathological aspects of lipid peroxidation. Free Radical Research, 44(10): 1125-1171.
• Papac-Milicevic, N., Busch, C.J. and Binder, C.J. (2016). Malondialdehyde Epitopes as Targets of Immunity and the Implications for Atherosclerosis. Advances in Immunology, 131: 1-59.
• Rahmati Moghaddam, M., Zaeemi, M. and Razmi, G.R. (2020). Preliminary study of Cytauxzoon felis infection in outdoor cats in Mashhad, Iran. Parasitology Research, 119(12): 4177-4183.
• Rassouli, M., Sabouri, S., Goudarzi, A. and Parsa, M. (2015). Cytauxzoon felis in a stray cat in Iran. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24(1): 75-77.
• Reichard, M.V., Sanders, T.L., Weerarathne, P., Meinkoth, J.H., Miller, C.A., Scimeca, R.C., et al. (2021). Cytauxzoonosis in North America. Pathogens, 10(9): 1170.
• Rizzi, T.E., Reichard, M.V., Cohn, L.A., Birkenheuer, A.J., Taylor, J.D. and Meinkoth, J.H. (2015). Prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis infection in healthy cats from enzootic areas in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Parasites and Vectors, 8(1): 1-6.
• Sherrill, M.K. and Cohn, L.A. (2015). Cytauxzoonosis: diagnosis and treatment of an emerging disease. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 17(11): 940-948.
• Shock, B.C., Murphy, S.M., Patton, L.L., Shock, P.M., Olfenbuttel, C., Beringer, J., et al. (2011). Distribution and prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis in bobcats (Lynx rufus), the natural reservoir, and other wild felids in thirteen states. Veterinary Parasitology, 175(3-4): 325-330.
• Spada, E., Proverbio, D., Galluzzo, P., Perego, R., Bagnagatti De Giorgi, G., Roggero, N., et al. (2014). Frequency of piroplasms Babesia microti and Cytauxzoon felis in stray cats from northern Italy. BioMed Research International, 2014: 1-5.
• Todorova, I., Simeonova, G., Kyuchukova, D., Dinev, D. and Gadjeva, V. (2005). Reference values of oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, CAT) in dogs and cats. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 13(4): 190-194.
• Varshney, J., Deshmukh, V. and Chaudhary, P. (2009). Fatal cytauxzoonosis in a kitten. Intas Polivet, 10(2): 392-393.
• Wang, J. Li., Ting., L, Guo-Huo., ZHU, X.-Q. and YAO, C. (2017). Two Tales of Cytauxzoon felis Infections in Domestic Cats. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 30: 861-885.
• Yin, H., Xu, L. and Porter, N.A. (2011). Free radical lipid peroxidation: mechanisms and analysis. Chemical Reviews, 111(10): 5944-5972.
• Zaeemi, M., Razmi, G.R. and Khoshnegah, J. (2015). The first detection of Cytauxzoon felis in a wild cat (Felis silvestris) in Iran. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24(1): 181-184.