Increasing of Echocardiographic Fractional shortening following induced experimental hypertension in rats
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Ramin Bahramnejad Heris
1
,
gholamreza assadnassab
2
,
Ghafour Mousavi
3
1 - D.V.M Graduate, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Received: 2021-09-21
Accepted : 2022-03-06
Published : 2022-01-21
Keywords:
Rat,
Hypertension,
Echocardiography,
Fractional Shortening,
Abstract :
This study was done to investigate the changes relation between the Fractional shortening obtained from echocardiographic findings following experimental hypertension induced in rats. Arterial hypertension is one of the most important diseases in human societies today. This disease affects the functional process of the heart. For this purpose, In the present study, The Fractional shortening following experimental hypertension in the heart of the studied rats was investigated. For this study 30 male Wistar rats were used. Echocardiography with physical restraint was performed on all studied rats and Fractional shortening was determined according to its formula. The animals under study were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was selected without surgery and the second group were induced hypertension and in the third group with operated control. The animals in the operated groups underwent abdominal surgery on the first day. To induce arterial hypertension, abdominal aortic stenosis was created above the renal arteries in the relevant group. Standard echocardiography was performed on days 7, 14 and 21. Then Fractional shortening was calculated. In this study, the mean of Fractional shortening in the hypertensive surgical group in day 14 was 40.42 ±0.18 Which showed the highest increase and it showed a significant difference on the same day in comparing whit control group (33.30 ± 0.15) and only surgery group (34.26 ± 0.21))p˂0.05). The present study showed that an increase in Fractional shortening index was observed following experimental arterial hypertension in rats.
References:
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Badyal, D.K., Lata, H. and Dadhich, A.P. (2003). Animal models of hypertension and effect of drugs. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 35(6): 349-362.
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Darbandi Azar, A., Tavakoli, F., Moladoust, H., Zare, A. and Sadeghpour, A. (2014). Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function in ischemic rats: value of M-mode echocardiography. Research Cardiovascular Medicine, 3(4): e22941.
Dellipizzi, A., Pucci, M., Mosny, A., Deseyn, K. and Nasjlettia, A. (1997).Contribution of Constrictor Prostanoids to the Calcium-Dependent Basal Tone in the Aorta from Rats with AorticCoarctation-Induced Hypertension: Relationship to Nitric Oxide. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 283(1): 75-81.
Doggrella, S.A. and Brown, (1998). Rat models of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Cardiovascular Research, 39: 89-105.
Gironaccia, M.M., Brosnihanb, K.B., Ferrariob, C.M., Gorzalczanyc, S., Verrillia, M., Pascuala, M., et al. (2007). Increased hypothalamic angiotensin-(1-7) levels in rats with aortic coarctation-induced hypertension. Peptides, 28(8): 1580-1585.
Hall, J., (2021). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology). 13th ed., UK: London, Elsevier Saunders, pp: 315 -420.
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Kealy, M.A. and Allister, M.C. (2000). Diagnostic radiology and ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat. Philadelphia, Mosby Year Book, pp: 1-17, 211-224.
Kopkan, L., Kramer, H.J., Husková, Z., Vaňourková, Z., Škaroupková, P., Thurmová, M., et al. (2005). The role of intrarenal angiotensin II in the development of hypertension in Ren-2 transgenic rats. Journal of Hypertension, 23(8): 1531-1539.
Leong, X.F., Ng, C.Y. and Jaarin, K. (2015) Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research: Hypertension and Atherosclerosis.BioMed Research International, Article ID 528757, 11 pages.
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Mohammadi, M.T., Jahanbakhsh, Z., Amini,R., Shekarfroush, S. and Mesbahzadeh, B. (2010). Protective effects of atorvastatin on myocardium in hypertensive rats.Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, 19(6): 50-60. [In Persian]
Mohammadi, M.T., Shid, S.M. and Dehghani, M. (2011). Contribution of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Activity in Blood- Brain Barrier Disruption and Edema after Acute Ischemia/ Reperfusion in Aortic Coarctation-Induced Hypertensive Rats. Iranian Biomedical Journal, 15(1-2): 22-30.
Nadar, S. and Lip, G. (2009). Hypertension, London, OUP, pp: 130-220.
Nyland, T. and Mattoon, J. (2002). Veterinary Diagnostic ultrasound. Philadelphia, Saunders, pp: 11-55.
Okamoto, K. and Aoki, K. (1963). Development of a strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Japanese Circulation Journal, 27(3): 282-293.
Pinto, Y.M., Paul, M. and Ganten, D. (1998). Lessons from rat models of hypertension: from Goldblatt to genetic engineering. Cardiovascular Research, 39(1): 77-88.
Ranjbar, K., Nazem, F., Nazari, A., Golami, M.R. (2015) Effect of 10 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training on Left Ventricular Systolic Function, Caspase-3 Level and Infarction Size in Myocardial Infarction Rat. Journal of Knowledge & Health, 10(3): 16-24.
Razmaraii, N., Babaei, H., Mohajjel Nayebi, A., Assadnassab, Gh., Ashrafi Helan, J. and Azarmi, Y. (2016). Cardioprotective Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Chronic Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Wistar Rats. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 6(3): 423-433.
Rodriguez-Iturbe, B., Quiroz, Y., Kim, C.H. and Vaziri, N.D. (2005). Hypertension Induced by Aortic Coarctation Above the Renal Arteries Is Associated With Immune Cell Infiltration of the Kidneys. American Journal of Hematology, 18(11): 1449-1456.
Rojo-Ortega, J.M. and Genest, J. (1968). A model for production of experimental hypertension in rats. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 46(6): 883-885.
Sadeghy, R., Amouoghli Tabrizi, B. and Fartashvand, M. (2021). The effect of co-administration of sildenafil citrate with dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine on serum biomarkers of cardiac injury in rats. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 14(56): 401-410.
Salgado,C., Skelton, M.M., Salgado, M.C. and Cowley, A.W. (1994). Physiopathogenesis of acute aortic coarctation hypertension in conscious rats. Hypertension, 23(1): 178-181.
Scheer, P., Sverakova, V., Doubek, J., Janeckova, K., Uhrikova, I. and Svoboda, P. (2012). Basic values of M-mode echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle in outbreed Wistar rats. Veterinary Medicine, 12 (57): 42-52.
Slama, M., Susic, D., Varagic, J., Ahn, J. and Frohlich, E.D. (2003). Echocardiographic measurement of cardiac output in rats. American Journal Physiology, 284(2): 691-697.
Wasmeier, G.H., Melnychenko, I., Voigt, J.U., Zimmermann, W.H., Eschenhagen T, Schineis, N., et al. (2007). Reproducibility of transthoracic echocardiography in small animals using clinical equipment. Coronary Artery Disease, 18(4): 283-291.
Watson, L.E., Sheth, M., Denyer, R.F. and Dostal, D.E. (2004). Baseline echocardiographic values for adult male rats. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 17(2): 161-167.
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Asghari, A., Kashfi Yeganeh, G. and Mortazavi, P. (2014). Preventive effects of metformin on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 7(28): 322-352.
Badyal, D.K., Lata, H. and Dadhich, A.P. (2003). Animal models of hypertension and effect of drugs. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 35(6): 349-362.
Bakris, G. and Baliga, R.R. (2012). Hypertension. USA, Oup, pp: 120-188.
Benjamin, I., Griggs, R., Fitz, J. G. and Wing, E.J. (2016). Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil Essentials of Medicine. 9th ed., Elsevier Saunders, USA, pp: 15-50, 301-350.
Brown, L., Fenning, A., Chan, V., Loch, D., Wilson, K., Anderson, B., et al. (2002). Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac structure and function in rats. Heart Lung Circulation, 11(3):167-173.
Cartee, R.B. (2000). An Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat. First edition, UK: London, Manson Publishing, pp: 68-112.
Cervantes-Pérez, L.G., de la Luz Ibarra-Lara, M., Rubio, M.E., Escalante, B., Pérez-Severiano, F., Soria-Castro, E., et al. (2010). Effect of clofibrate on vascular reactivity in a model of high blood pressure secondary to aortic coarctation. Pharmacological Reports, 62:874-888.
Darbandi Azar, A., Tavakoli, F., Moladoust, H., Zare, A. and Sadeghpour, A. (2014). Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function in ischemic rats: value of M-mode echocardiography. Research Cardiovascular Medicine, 3(4): e22941.
Dellipizzi, A., Pucci, M., Mosny, A., Deseyn, K. and Nasjlettia, A. (1997).Contribution of Constrictor Prostanoids to the Calcium-Dependent Basal Tone in the Aorta from Rats with AorticCoarctation-Induced Hypertension: Relationship to Nitric Oxide. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 283(1): 75-81.
Doggrella, S.A. and Brown, (1998). Rat models of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Cardiovascular Research, 39: 89-105.
Gironaccia, M.M., Brosnihanb, K.B., Ferrariob, C.M., Gorzalczanyc, S., Verrillia, M., Pascuala, M., et al. (2007). Increased hypothalamic angiotensin-(1-7) levels in rats with aortic coarctation-induced hypertension. Peptides, 28(8): 1580-1585.
Hall, J., (2021). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology). 13th ed., UK: London, Elsevier Saunders, pp: 315 -420.
Hamidi, E.M., Khaksari, M. and Hojabri, K.H. (2011). The Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Echium Amoenum and Citrus Aurantiflia on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate before and after phynelephrine Injection in Rat.Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 18(4): 349-357. [In Persian]
Holinski, S., Knebel, F., Heinze, G., Konertz, W., Baumann, G. and Borges, A.C. (2011). Noninvasive monitoring of cardiac function in a chronic ischemic heart failure model in the rat: assessment with tissue Doppler and non-Doppler 2D strain echocardiography. Cardiovascular Ultrasound, 9(26): 15-21.
Kealy, M.A. and Allister, M.C. (2000). Diagnostic radiology and ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat. Philadelphia, Mosby Year Book, pp: 1-17, 211-224.
Kopkan, L., Kramer, H.J., Husková, Z., Vaňourková, Z., Škaroupková, P., Thurmová, M., et al. (2005). The role of intrarenal angiotensin II in the development of hypertension in Ren-2 transgenic rats. Journal of Hypertension, 23(8): 1531-1539.
Leong, X.F., Ng, C.Y. and Jaarin, K. (2015) Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research: Hypertension and Atherosclerosis.BioMed Research International, Article ID 528757, 11 pages.
Miranda, A., Costa-e-Sousa, R.H., Werneck-de-Castro, J.P., Mattos, E.C., Olivares, E.L., Ribeiro, V.P., et al. (2007). Time course of echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters in myocardial infarct in rats. An Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 79(4): 639-648.
Mohajeri, D., Mousavi, Gh. and Mansouri, M.B. (2012). Histopathological study on the effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa linn.) powdwer on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 6(1): 1493-1503.
Mohammadi, M.T., Jahanbakhsh, Z., Amini,R., Shekarfroush, S. and Mesbahzadeh, B. (2010). Protective effects of atorvastatin on myocardium in hypertensive rats.Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, 19(6): 50-60. [In Persian]
Mohammadi, M.T., Shid, S.M. and Dehghani, M. (2011). Contribution of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Activity in Blood- Brain Barrier Disruption and Edema after Acute Ischemia/ Reperfusion in Aortic Coarctation-Induced Hypertensive Rats. Iranian Biomedical Journal, 15(1-2): 22-30.
Nadar, S. and Lip, G. (2009). Hypertension, London, OUP, pp: 130-220.
Nyland, T. and Mattoon, J. (2002). Veterinary Diagnostic ultrasound. Philadelphia, Saunders, pp: 11-55.
Okamoto, K. and Aoki, K. (1963). Development of a strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Japanese Circulation Journal, 27(3): 282-293.
Pinto, Y.M., Paul, M. and Ganten, D. (1998). Lessons from rat models of hypertension: from Goldblatt to genetic engineering. Cardiovascular Research, 39(1): 77-88.
Ranjbar, K., Nazem, F., Nazari, A., Golami, M.R. (2015) Effect of 10 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training on Left Ventricular Systolic Function, Caspase-3 Level and Infarction Size in Myocardial Infarction Rat. Journal of Knowledge & Health, 10(3): 16-24.
Razmaraii, N., Babaei, H., Mohajjel Nayebi, A., Assadnassab, Gh., Ashrafi Helan, J. and Azarmi, Y. (2016). Cardioprotective Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Chronic Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Wistar Rats. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 6(3): 423-433.
Rodriguez-Iturbe, B., Quiroz, Y., Kim, C.H. and Vaziri, N.D. (2005). Hypertension Induced by Aortic Coarctation Above the Renal Arteries Is Associated With Immune Cell Infiltration of the Kidneys. American Journal of Hematology, 18(11): 1449-1456.
Rojo-Ortega, J.M. and Genest, J. (1968). A model for production of experimental hypertension in rats. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 46(6): 883-885.
Sadeghy, R., Amouoghli Tabrizi, B. and Fartashvand, M. (2021). The effect of co-administration of sildenafil citrate with dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine on serum biomarkers of cardiac injury in rats. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 14(56): 401-410.
Salgado,C., Skelton, M.M., Salgado, M.C. and Cowley, A.W. (1994). Physiopathogenesis of acute aortic coarctation hypertension in conscious rats. Hypertension, 23(1): 178-181.
Scheer, P., Sverakova, V., Doubek, J., Janeckova, K., Uhrikova, I. and Svoboda, P. (2012). Basic values of M-mode echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle in outbreed Wistar rats. Veterinary Medicine, 12 (57): 42-52.
Slama, M., Susic, D., Varagic, J., Ahn, J. and Frohlich, E.D. (2003). Echocardiographic measurement of cardiac output in rats. American Journal Physiology, 284(2): 691-697.
Wasmeier, G.H., Melnychenko, I., Voigt, J.U., Zimmermann, W.H., Eschenhagen T, Schineis, N., et al. (2007). Reproducibility of transthoracic echocardiography in small animals using clinical equipment. Coronary Artery Disease, 18(4): 283-291.
Watson, L.E., Sheth, M., Denyer, R.F. and Dostal, D.E. (2004). Baseline echocardiographic values for adult male rats. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 17(2): 161-167.
