Identification and determination of prevalence of saprophytic fungi in the larval stage of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in hatcheries of west Azarbaijan province
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Elnaz Ghorbani
1
,
Dariush Azadikhah
2
1 - Graduate of Microbiology, Depatment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
2 - Assisstant Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
Received: 2016-12-19
Accepted : 2018-05-06
Published : 2019-04-21
Keywords:
Fungi,
West Azerbaijan,
Rainbow trout larva,
Abstract :
Identification and epidemiological survey of fungal infections at the hatcheries has great importance for prevention of mortalities and subsequent economic losses. In this survey, 5 rainbow trout hatcheries in west Azarbaijan province were investigated. Sample collection was conducted according to standards of Iranianveterinary organization. Water quality of the hatcheries was investigated as well. SDA (sabouraud dextrose agar) medium was used for fungal culture and identification of fungal type was based on microscopic examination of fungal reproductive organs. Four different genera of saprophytic fungi consisting of Saprolegnia sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Achyla sp. were isolated from the 5 studied hatcheries. The genus Saprolegnia with 7.8±1.48% infection rate and Achyla with 0.8±0.83% infection rate had the highest and lowest prevalence respectively. Based on the results of this study, the sanitary conditions in hatcheries of west Azarbaijan province are not ideal with respect to fungal infections. Water quality of the hatcheries was acceptable therefore fungal infections are probably not associated with the water quality.
References:
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Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H.A., Khosravi, A.R. and Azari Takami, G. (2000). A survey of fungal flora of cultivated Cyprinids in Sefid Rood fish farmed center. Journal of Veterinary Research, 55(3): 53-57. [In Persian]
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Gourama, H. and Bullerman, L. B. (1995). Detection of molds in foods and feeds: potential rapid and selective methods. Journal of Food Protection, 58(12): 1389-1394.
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Mohammad Pour, M., Gandomkar, H.A., Rastian Nasab, A., Kazemi, E. and Mahdavi, J. (2012). Comparison of suneggs and malachite green in prevention and treatment of fungal infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhincus mykiss) eggs. In Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of Veterinary Laboratory Sciences, Semnan, Iran, pp: 85-86. [In Persian]
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Ossiander, F.J. and Wedemeyer, G. (1973). Computer program for sample sizes required to determine disease incidence in fish populations. Journal of The Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30(9): 1383-1384.
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Alinezhad, S., Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M., Ghaemmagami. S.S., Egbal Khajehrahimi, A., Rahanandeh, M. and Saberi, S.R. (2012). Fungal infection in handmade and factory-made feed of rainbow trout (Oncorhincus mykiss). Veterinary Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 100: 35-46. [In Persian]
Chao, S.H., Carlson, R. and Meldrum, D.R. (2007). Rapid fabrication of microchannels using microscale plasma activated templating (μPLAT) generated water molds. Lab on a Chip, 7(5): 641-643.
Czeczuga, B. and Kiziewicz, B. (1999). Zoosporic fungi growing on the eggs of Carassius carassius (L.) in oligo-and eutrophic water. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 8(2): 63-66.
Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H.A., Soltani, M., Hoosseinifard, S.M., Khosravi, A.R. and Yosefian, M. (2007). Isolation and identification of parasite and saprophyte fungi from fungal affected eggs of Rainbow trout (Oncorhincus mykiss) in mazandaran province. Journal of Veterinary Research, 62(3): 163-168. [In Persian]
Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H.A., Khosravi, A.R. and Azari Takami, G. (2000). A survey of fungal flora of cultivated Cyprinids in Sefid Rood fish farmed center. Journal of Veterinary Research, 55(3): 53-57. [In Persian]
Firouzbakhsh, F., Kazemi, R., Kazemi, M., Khosravi, A.R., Jalilpour, J. and Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H.A. (2009). Identification of flora in cultivated and natural Caspian Sea Acipencer persicus. Journal of Veterinary Research, 64(4): 291-295. [In Persian]
Golampour azizi, E., Hoosseinifard, S.M., Roohi, S. and Moghtader, H. (2014). Isolation and recognition infection fungus of Salmo Trutta Caspius skin in fish farming of the mazandaran province, northern Iran. Journal of Animal Biology, 6(4): 51-59. [In Persian]
Gourama, H. and Bullerman, L. B. (1995). Detection of molds in foods and feeds: potential rapid and selective methods. Journal of Food Protection, 58(12): 1389-1394.
Gozlan, R.E., Marshall, W.L., Lilje, O., Jessop, C.N., Gleason, F.H., and Andreou, D. (2014). Current ecological understanding of fungal-like pathogens of fish: what lies beneath? Frontiers in Microbiology, Article ID 00062, 16 pages, doi:10.3389/fmicb. 2014/00062.
Jiang, R.H., de Bruijn, I., Haas, B.J., Belmonte, R., Löbach, L., Christie, J., et al. (2013). Distinctive expansion of potential virulence genes in the genome of the Oomycete fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica. PLOS Genetics, Article ID 1003272, 20 pages, doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen/1003272.
Mohammad Pour, M., Gandomkar, H.A., Rastian Nasab, A., Kazemi, E. and Mahdavi, J. (2012). Comparison of suneggs and malachite green in prevention and treatment of fungal infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhincus mykiss) eggs. In Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of Veterinary Laboratory Sciences, Semnan, Iran, pp: 85-86. [In Persian]
Naderi jlodar, M., Esmaeili sari, A., Ahmadi, M.R., Seifabadi, S.J. and Abdoli, A. (2007). The Effects of Trout Farm Effluents on the Water Quality Parameters of Haraz River. Environmental Sciences, 4(2): 21-36.
Ossiander, F.J. and Wedemeyer, G. (1973). Computer program for sample sizes required to determine disease incidence in fish populations. Journal of The Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30(9): 1383-1384.
