Investigating the role of social capital on citizen participation in the reconstruction of dilapidated urban fabric (Case study of Gorgan and Gonbad cities)

Subject Areas :

hassan mirhosseini ¹ (PhD student in Sociology of Economics and Development, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.)
abolghasem heidarabadi ² (Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.)
seyfollah farzaneh ³ (Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.)

Received: 2021-10-30 Accepted : 2022-05-25 Published : 2024-02-20

Keywords: Social Capital, Citizen Participation, Worn out urban fabric,

Abstract :

The worn texture has created physical, environmental and social problems in the urban space of Gorgan and Gonbad. Participation in the reconstruction of worn-out tissues is influenced by various factors, of which social capital is the most important prerequisite. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social capital on citizen participation in the renovation of the worn-out Gorgan-Gonbad texture. Theoretical framework of the research is mainly based on Putnam's theories; Coleman and Bourdieu. Research method; In terms of purpose, it is applied, in terms of nature, it is descriptive of correlation and in terms of methodology, it is a survey. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Cluster sampling and sample size are 382 worn-out tissue residents. Findings show that social capital has a positive effect on residents' participation in renovation projects. Social trust index; Sense of social cooperation; Social cohesion and introverted and extroverted social capital that became cognitive, communicative, and structural components; they had the greatest impact on the participation of residents in the reconstruction of worn-out tissue.
 
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Old textures in most cities over time and due to new developments have lost their past function and are gradually disappearing and today are considered as the biggest problem and insecurity in cities. One of the tools of planning in the new world is to pay attention to the active and effective participation of people in society in all different dimensions of development. Participation seems to be a complex phenomenon that depends on a large number of social capital variables.
 Considering the physical size and large population in Golestan province, it is very important to pay attention to the situation of urban areas for better urban development planning. However, in the country, little effort has been made to study this issue from a sociological perspective in Golestan province and the cities of Gorgan and Gonbad. Based on this, it can be stated that social capital and its dimensions are effective on the level of social participation of urban actors in the reconstruction of worn-out tissue in Gorgan and Gonbad?
 
Methodology
This paper uses the survey method in a quantitative methodological framework. The statistical population of the research is the scope of generalization of research results and findings, which includes all residents and owners of dilapidated urban fabric and around Gorgan and Gonbad to the number of 21456 thousand people. The unit of analysis is people over the age of 18 who are able to answer questions. The number of men is 11104 and the number of women is 10352. The sample size was estimated to be 382 using the Cochran's formula and an accuracy level of 0.055. Sampling method is a multi-stage cluster random method.
 
Results and discussion
Findings show that social capital has a positive effect on residents' participation in renovation projects. Social trust index; Sense of social cooperation; Social cohesion and introverted and extroverted social capital that became cognitive, communicative, and structural components; they had the greatest impact on the participation of residents in the reconstruction of worn-out tissue.
Conclusion
The role of social capital in the renovation of dilapidated urban fabric is influenced by the recent perspective of urban development, which attaches great importance to people's participation in the renovation process. Undoubtedly, more attention of the managers of worn-out tissue renovation projects in Gorgan and Gonbad to social capital and strengthening the potential funds and relying on the actual funds of these capitals can give a participatory direction to the renovation program and thus facilitate ; Provide better acceleration and advancement of projects. Institutionalization and support of non-governmental organizations Importance to neighborhood councils, advisory working groups; fulfilling the promise of the officials and fulfilling the promised obligations are other things that are effective in the success of the worn-out tissue renovation program in Gorgan and Gonbad.
 

References:

References

1. . Abdollahi, M and Mousavi, Mirtaher, M (2007) Social Capital in Iran; Current Situation, Future Perspective and Possibility of Transition, Social Welfare, summer 2007, Volume 6, Number 25, Pages 195 - 233. [In Persian].


2. Acedo, A, Oliveira, T, Naranjo-Zolotov, M, and Painho, M. (2019), Place and city: toward a geography of engagement, Heliyon, 5(9): e02413.


3. Ahmadi, M., Andalib, A., Majedi, H., Saeedeh Zarabadi, Z. (2019), An Analysis of the Position of Social Capital in Recreating the Dilapidated Historical Texture of Imamzadeh Yahya Neighborhood Using Structural Equations, Danesh Urban Planning, 3 (2), 49-63.


4. Amir Ahmadi, R., Nawabakhsh, M., Zanjani, H. (2016), "Study of the role of socio-cultural capital on citizens' participation in the renovation of worn-out urban structures (Case study: Mashhad)", Contemporary Sociological Research, 5 (8), 123-143. [In Persian].


5. Amiri, Kh; Moradi Chadegani, D; Safi Isfahani, F; Sadeghi, N; Massoud, M (2021) Development of a model of electronic participation of citizens in the reconstruction of worn-out tissues of Isfahan, Geography and Environmental Studies, Autumn 2021, No. 39, pp. 73-84. [In Persian].


6. Andalib, A, R (2008) A New Look at Strategies and Policies for Renovation of Dilapidated Tissues in Tehran, Ripoor Publishing, Tehran. [In Persian].


7. Ayad Abdul Razzaq Mohsen Al-Samurai and Anwar Subhi Ramdan Al-Qaraghuli (2021) Adopting sustainable development in reconstruction Post War City of Mosul Architecture-Case Study, 2021 IOP Conf. Ser, Earth Environment Science, 754 012001.


8. Babaei Aghdam, F and Veisirad, F and Yari Hesar, A and Heidari Sarban, V (2015) Evaluation of Factors Affecting People's Participation in Organizing Dilapidated Urban Structures with Emphasis on Social Capital (Case Study of Jajin neighborhood of Ardabil), Quarterly Urban Structure and Function Studies, Volume: 3, Issue: 9.


9. Beumer, C. (2010). Social Cohesion in a Sustainable Urban Neighborhood, Sustainable Urban Neighborhood, SUN Action 6, Theory Working.


10. Bourdieu, P (2008), Fundamentals of Social Capital, translation; Mohsen Asadpour, Tehran, Andisheh Publications [In Persian]..


11. Bourdieu, P (2005), "Forms of Capital, in Social Capital: Trust, Democracy and Development", compiled by Kian Tajbakhsh, translated by Afshin Khakbaz and Hassan Pouyan, Tehran, Shirazeh Publishing. [In Persian].


12. Bouse, j. and wellman, B. (2005), Personal relationships: on and off the hnternet university press, Kyung, shinwon.ccommunity nvolvement in policy, in:http//www.enhr2000h.


13. Chou, Yuan K. (2006).Three simple models of social capital and economic growth.The Journal of Socio-Economics 35, Department of Economics, University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, and Australia.


14. Faizollahi, A, (2018) Study of the relationship between the level of social and cultural modernity of citizens and the level of willingness to participate in the renovation of worn-out tissue, Master Thesis, Al-Zahra University, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences.


15. Fukuyama, F (2005), "Social Capital and Civil Society in Social Capital: Trust, Democracy and Development", compiled by Kian Tajbakhsh, translated; Afshin Khakbaz and Hassan Pouyan, Tehran, Shirazeh Publishing.


16. Ghelichli, B; Meshbaki, A. (2006) the role of social capital in creating the intellectual capital of the organization (study of two Iranian car companies). Management Knowledge Quarterly (No. 75), 125-147.


17. Hatami Nejad, H, Poorahmad, A, and Ayvazlou, D (2014) Analysis of social capital capacity of urban areas in organizing worn-out structures, a case study of District 9 of Tehran Municipality, Quarterly Journal of Spatial Planning, Volume 4, Number 13, Fall 2014, Pp. 67-94.


18. Hassanzadeh, M., P., Sadeghi, S. (2015), "Study of the effect of social capital on the tendency to share knowledge (Case study: employees of pharmaceutical companies in Guilan province)", Social Capital Management, 2 (3), 347-365.


19. Latifi; Gh (2017) Urban Management; Tehran: Publications of the Organization of Municipalities.


20. Ikdavoos, A, (2018) Investigating the social dialogue network and its outcome on the modernization of worn out tissue, Working Paper No.21, April 2018 Australian Institute of Family Studies.


21. Izadi, R (2017) Analysis of the process of improvement and renovation in urban worn-out structures with emphasis on citizen participation (Case study: Najafabad worn-out structures), Master Thesis, 2017, Amin Institute of Higher Education. [In Persian].


22. Jahangiri, M, H, Momeni, M, Mousavi, M. (2021), "Multi-Index Ranking of Strategies for Strengthening Public Participation in the Preservation of Historical Monuments and Cultural Heritage Based on the Model of Sustainable Development", Economics and Urban Planning, 2 (2), 75-82. [In Persian].


23. Jahanshahi, M, H (2003) Dilapidated and problematic urban textures and its strategies, Journal of Urban Studies, No. 4, spring 2003.


24. Khajeh Shahkoohi, A, M, Madanloo Joybari and Samadi, R (2013) A Study of the Role of Social Capital in Renovation of Dilapidated Urban Structures -26.


25. Khoshfar, Gh. Bargahi, R., Karami, Sh. (2013), "Social Capital and Urban Sustainability Case Study: Gorgan City", Urban Studies, 2 (8), 31-46.


26. Koppenjan, E,(2017) Public participation experiences in urban infrastructure projects,The academy of management Journal.v1.21.


27. Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (2006) the main provisions of the Tehran Master Plan, Tehran Center for Studies and Planning. [In Persian].


28. Mohammadi, J, Mohammadi, A. (2017), "Study of the amount of social capital for the renovation of the worn-out fabric of Zanjan", Applied Research in Geographical Sciences (Geographical Sciences), 17 (44), 65-86.


29. Mousavi, S, Y; Mustafavi, A; Ghasemi Siani, M, (2021) The effect of cultural and social factors on the tendency to renovate worn-out tissue Case study: District 12 of Tehran Municipality, New Attitudes in Human Geography, Summer 2021, No. 51, pp. 365-392.


30. Mousavi, M, Heidari, H, and Bagheri Kashkoli, A, (2012) A Study of the Role of Social Capital in Renovation and Improvement of Worn Tissues Sardasht Case Study, Urban and Regional Studies and Research, Fourth Year, Winter 2012, No. 15.


31. Nahapiet, J., Ghoshal, S. (1998)"Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage", Academy of Management Review, vol23 No (2), Pp 242-266.


32. Navabakhsh, M, (2013), The Necessity of Reviving Social Capital and Developing Urban Spaces Scientific-Research Journal, Iran Development Studies, Volume 5, Number 8.


33. Nazmafar, H, and Attar, M, A, (2014) The role of social capital on the participation of residents in the renovation of dilapidated urban fabricin Ardabil city, geography and regional urban planning, fourth year, autumn 2014, number 12. [In Persian].


34. Neducin, D.; Krklješ, M.; Perovi ́c, S.K. (2021) Demolition-Based Urban Regeneration from a Post-Socialist Perspective: Case Study of a Neighborhood in Novi Sad, Serbi, Sustainability, 2021, 13, 10430.


35. Nemati Limaei, M (2010), Explaining the qualitative improvement of urban renewal based on the role of social capital (case study: Beheshti neighborhood of Ghaemshahr), M.Sc. [In Persian].


36. Payton, M, Payton, A. (2003), Influence of Place Attachment and SocialCapital on Civic Action: A Study atSherburne National Wildlife Refuge, Master’s thesis of Natural Resources Science and Management Program, University of Minnesota, June.


37. Pishbin, M, R (2017) Evaluation of models of regeneration of worn tissues with emphasis on people's participation in the improvement and renovation plan of Mashhad center, Master Thesis, Geography, 2017, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.


38. Poor Ahmad, A, Shamaei, A. (2010), Urban Improvement and Renovation from the Perspective of Geography, First Edition, Tehran, University of Tehran Press.


39. Putnam, R. D. (2000).Bowling Alone, The collapse and revival of American community, New York: Simon and Schuster.


40. Putnam, R (2005), Democracy and Civic Traditions, translation; Mohammad Taghi Delfrooz, Office of Research and Political Studies, Ministry of Interior, Tehran, Salam newspaper.


41. Rahnama, M, R (2009) Planning the central regions of cities (principles, foundations, theories, experiences and techniques), First Edition, Mashhad, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press.


42. Soltanzadeh, V (2009) A Study of Factors Affecting Public Participation in the Process of Restoring the Worn Texture of Tarbiat Shahr Neighborhood, Tabriz, M.Sc. Thesis, Urban Geography, 2009, Supervisor: Mohammad Rahim Rahnama, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Literature and Science human.


43. Saleh, S., Fooladian, A., Khadivi, G., Mehranfar, M. (2012) Study of the impact of social capital and owners' participation in the renovation and improvement of worn-out structures in Mashhad, Haftshahr, 4 (43 and 44), 43-51.


44. Salimi, F (2013), Social Capital in Schools, Journal of Social Science Education Development, Volume 13, Number 3. [In Persian].


45. Samiei, A (2016) The Role of Public Participation in Improving and Renovating the Worn Texture of Islamshahr, Master Thesis, Urban Geography, 2016, Payame Noor University of Tehran, Payame Noor Rey Center.


46. Shaterian, M; Slavery, Y; Nazari, A (2022) Modeling and evaluation of the principles of neo-urbanism in the central neighborhoods of Kashan, Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, Fall 2022, No. 66, pp. 125-144. [In Persian].


47. Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture of Iran. (2013), Document approved by the Supreme Council of Architecture and Urban Planning of Iran, first edition, Tehran, Publications: Center for Studies and Research and Urban Planning and Architecture.


48. Tavassoli, Gholamabbas; Mousavi, Marzieh (2005), "The concept of capital in classical and modern views with emphasis on theories of social capital", Letter of Social Sciences, No. 26, pp. 1-32. [In Persian].