Meaning Transfer Analysis and Ranking the Types of Usage in Urban Space According to the Parameters of Urban Planning

Subject Areas :

Marjan Mohsenzadeh ¹ , Mohammad Aliabadi ² , Javid Ghanbari ³ , Mohammad Hosein Zakeri ⁴

1 - M. A. of Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor of Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 - . Assistant Professor of Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
4 - Assistant Professor of Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Received: 2020-04-21 Accepted : 2020-08-24 Published : 2022-04-21

Keywords: Ranking, Urban space, Meaning transfer, Types of usage, Parameters of Urban Planning,

Abstract :

Perception is the process by which the relationship between human and the environment and using environmental stimuli. So every phenomenon, including an architectural or urban building, transfers its message through meaning, when in the human scope perception. The main goal of this study is to investigate the way of meaning transfer and ranking the types of architectural usage due to the potential of meaning transfer. This research is descriptive from research design viewpoint, which is carried out in Delphi-type survey method.
In the theoretical part, internet resources studies have been used to collect required information. Data collection was done after compiling the theoretical framework of the research using a questionnaire technique. The statistical population of the study consists of all faculty and graduate students of Shiraz universities. For population attitude investigation, the types of usage were evaluated in the form of a questionnaire with the degree of adaptation to the meanings transfer potentials and parameters of urban planning in the first step. Data were analyzed from 203 returned questionnaires. The results showed that according to the average score, the ranking of the building typology value belonging to cultural, religious and residential usage are 4.33, 4.03, and 3.91 respectively. Also, the significant level of the hypothesis test showed that there is a significant difference between the various architectural usages in the possibility of providing potential of meaning transfer and parameters of urban planning. Therefore, the matching of different architectural usage is not the same in the possibility of providing potential of meaning transfer.
Then, based on the require review of the detailed plan of Shiraz city and according to the affecting meaning factors in transfer mechanism, 12 sites with cultural proposal and urban-metropolitan impact levels were identified. Then, related evaluation criteria were selected to increase citizen participation and citizenship culture. In the second step of the questionnaire, the proposed sites were ranked using the TOPSIS prioritization technique. The final result of this ranking showed that the sites of Adabiiat Crossroads, Vegetable Oil Factory and Goldasht were in the first three places with numerical values of 0.83, 0.75 and 0.72, respectively.
Extended Abstract
Introduction:
Perception is the process by which the relationship between human and the environment and using environmental stimuli. It is based on the creation of a kind of alignment between human mental states and environmental forces. Every phenomenon, including an architectural or urban building, transfers its message through meaning, when in the human scope perception. Only in this case can be effective communication with the environment and had a meaningful experience. In other words, human attempts to create a personal identity of urban space in his mind. Therefore, the audience's atmosphere affect our sense of environment by the organization of elements. So cognition of latent signs in the environment, lead-in audience to urban meaning perception. Previous studies in the field of humanities and urbanism related to meaning have been carried out rarely, but with regard to the extent of the effective factors on the formation of meaning, so far, no research in the field of architecture and urban planning has examined the comprehensive study of these variables. The main goal of this study is to investigate the way of meaning transfer and then ranking the types of architectural usage due to the potential of meaning transfer and parameters of urban planning.
 In order to achieve the research purposes, the research questions are: what is ranking the types of architectural usage due to the potential of meaning transfer? And what is the most important types of Usage in Urban Space According to the Parameters of Urban Planning? And finally, based on the require review of the detailed plan of Shiraz city and according to the affecting meaning factors in transfer mechanism, given the results of the TOPSIS ranking technique, about the priority of cultural sites with urban-metropolitan impact levels.
Methodology:
The method of this research is a combination of two quantitative and qualitative research methods. In terms of research design, it is descriptive because the purpose of this study is to describe the conditions or phenomena under study which was done in the survey subgroup of Delphi method. The Delphi method is used to examine the views of the experts on a particular topic. In the theoretical part of the research, internet resources, archives, and documentary studies have been used to collect required information. In this research, a questionnaire has been used for collecting data, in order to determine the priority of the types of architectural usage. To eliminate the risk of sampling and increasing the validity of the research, a questionnaire was distributed among the 340 members of the available statistical population through a computer or face to face visit. For the population participation, the questionnaire contained a letter which appreciated the respondents and explained the subject of questionnaire and its completion method. Also, in order to increase the validity of responses, the letter stated that the responses would be used only for statistical analysis as unknown.
In term of purpose, for population attitude investigation, the first step of the questionnaire is about the types of architectural usage were evaluated with the degree of adaptation to the meanings transfer potentials according to the Parameters of Urban Planning. Then, based on the require review of the detailed plan of Shiraz city and according to the affecting meaning factors in transfer mechanism, 12 sites with urban-metropolitan impact levels were identified. In the second step of the questionnaire, the proposed sites were ranked using the TOPSIS prioritization technique.
Results:
The statistical population of the study consists of all faculty and graduate students of Shiraz universities. Data from 203 returned questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software and TOPSIS technique. On first step of the questionnaire, types of architectural usage was performed with a five-point Likert scale, focusing on five key indicators. The results showed that according to the average score, the ranking of the building typology value belonging to cultural, religious and residential usage are 4.33, 4.03, and 3.91 respectively. Also, the significant level of the hypothesis test showed that there is a significant difference between the various architectural usages in the possibility of providing potential of meaning transfer. In the second analysis phase, TOPSIS technique was performed in the sixth step, to evaluate 12 cultural sites with urban-metropolitan impact levels. The final result of this ranking showed that the sites of Adabiiat Crossroads, Vegetable Oil Factory and Goldasht were in the first three places with numerical values of 0.83, 0.75 and 0.72, respectively.
Conclusion:
The first question of study is about the types of architectural usage were evaluated with the degree of adaptation to the meanings transfer potentials according to the Parameters of Urban Planning. According to the results, it can be found that the cultural usage with an average of 33.4 in the first place and located away from other usage. This doubles the importance of cultural usage to increase citizen participation and promote a culture of citizenship. This is while religious, residential and educational usage with averages 4.03, 3.91, and 3.87 respectively, show almost the same amount. Also, industrial, agricultural and infrastructure buildings with averages of 2.46, 2.46 and 2.33 are in the last three places. As a result, it seems that different types of usage are prioritized according to their audience and the amount of time and focus that they spends on mental interaction. These usage make it possible to transfer meaning according to urban design parameters effectively by using visual and conceptual semiotics.

References:

1. Abbasi, Z., Habib, F., & Mokhtabad-emraei, S.M. (2016): Analysis of Factors Affecting the Environment Ideas in the Traditional Sense, Urban Management, 14(40), 159-176.


2. Abbasi, Z., Habib, F., & Mokhtabad-emraei, S.M. (2015): Principles and Standards of Architectural Space Perception Traditional Markets, Urban Management, (39), 291-316.


3. Abbaszadegan, M.; Ghahremani, H.; & Mojtahed Sistani, E. (2014): Evaluation technique of perceptual qualities of an urban corridor Noghan Bazaar, Mashhad, International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning, (2)24, 103-110.


4. Adibi-saad nezhad, F., & Azimi A. (2012): Explaning Security in Urban Environments Based on Physical and Design Parmeters, Environments Based Territorial Planning (AMAYESH), 15(4), 81-105.


5. Ahmadi, S., movahhed, A., shamai, A. (2020): Reduced Consequences of Planning in a Detailed Plan Map in Shiraz. Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 10(39), 103-116.


6. Asgharpour, M.J. (2014): Multiple Criteria Decision Making, Tehran University, Tehran.


7. Bardage, S. L. (2017):Performance of bio-based building materials. Stockholm, Sweden: RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.


8. Bruin, L. D., & Michael, J. (2016): Prediction error minimization: implications for embodied cognition and the extended mind hypothesis. Brain and Cognition, 58-63.


9. Carruthers, P. (2015): Perceiving mental states. Consciousness and Cognition, (36), 498-507.


10. Carstone, R. (2016): The heterogeneity of procedural meaning. Lingua, (175-176), 154-166.


11. Compère, L.; Mam-Lam-Fook, C.; Amado, I.; Nys, M.; Lalanne, J.; Grillon, M. L.; Bendjemaa, N.; Krebs, M. O.; & Piolino, P. (2016): Self-reference recollection effect and its relation to theory of mind: An investigation in healthy controls and schizophrenia. Consciousness and Cognition, (42), 51-64.


12. Dodonov, Y. S., & Dodonov, Y. A. (2011): Basic processes of cognitive development: missing component in Piaget’s theory. Social and Behavioral Sciences, (30), 1345-1349.


13. Farrokhian, F., Mayedzadeh, H. (2020): The Effect of Urban Green Space on the Quality of Life of Citizens of Ahvaz City, Journal of Research and Urban Planning , 11(41), 23-36.


14. Faizi M, & Asadpour A. (2013): Residence Perception of Urban High Rise Buildings’ scape, Case Study: Shiraz Chamran Hotel. JIAS. 1(3), 107-121.


15. Fuller, T. (2016): The Extended Scientific Mind. Cognitive Systems Research, (10), 4-36.


16. Hanachi, P., & Azad-Armaki, M. (2012): Visual Perception of Chizar District by Chizarian Young Adults, Islamic city, 7(2), 87-97.


17. Heersmink, R. (2017): Extended mind and cognitive enhancement: moral aspects of cognitive artifacts. Phenom Cogn Sci, (16), 17–32.


18. Hejazi, M., & Mehdizadeh, S.F. (2014): Relation among Meaning, Aesthetics, Shape and Structure in Islamic Architecture of Iran, Iran University of Science & Technology, 2(1) ,9-24.


19. Heidarzadeh, E., pouryazdanparast, S. (2020): Measuring satisfaction with the quality of urban spaces and providing strategies to improve it: Case of Erfan Tourist Region in Shiraz. Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 11(41), 65-82.


20. IBC, International Building Code (2020): Chapter 3, Building occupancy classifications, International Code Council, INC.


21. Imantalab, H., & Gerami S. (2012): The Proportion of Meaning and Form, the Accordance of Mosque Architecture and Prayer, Islamic Art, 16(8), 77-88.


22. Kaghazadlou, Z., ladanmohadm, A., Akbari, S. (2020): Evaluating the Impacts of Urban Landscape Quality on Pedestrian Promotion in Urban Public Spaces (Case Study of Ramian City, Golestan Province). Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 11(40), 91-106.


23. Karatekin, K. (2013): Perception of environmental problem in elementary students’ mind maps. Social and Behavioral Sciences, (93), 868-872.


24. Karimian, H. (2011): Cultural Symbols in Urban Views: Demonstration of Meaning, Sense of Identity & Spiritual Relief, (4), Human Geography Research, 119-132.


25. Karimimoshaver, M.; Eris, B.; & Parto, S. (2016): A Review of mental urbanscape using map-based methods (Case study: Tehran Ferdowsi square). Int. J. Architect. Eng. Urban Plan, (26)1, 61-70.


26. Karimi-Yazdi, A., Barati, N., & Zarei, M. (2017): Comparative Assessment of People’s and Experts’ Perception of Urban Space (Case study of urban collection of Emamzadeh Saleh, Tajrish, Tehran). The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh- E Nazar, 13(45), 13-26.


27. Kashani-Hamedani, M. , Ghalenoee, M., Daneshpoor, A., Faramarzi, S., & Shahivandi, A. (2015): Comparing the Aesthetic Parameters of Urban Space from the Viewpoint of Children and Adults: the case study of Isfahan, Urban Studies , 4(14), 19-30.


28. Kesselring, T., & Müller, U. (2011): The concept of egocentrism in the context of Piaget’s theory. New Ideas in Psychology. (29), 327-345.


29. Koster-Hale, J.; Bedny, M.; & Saxe, R. (2014): Thinking about seeing: Perceptual sources of knowledge are encoded in the theory of mind brain regions of sighted and blind adults. Cognition, (133), 65-78.


30. Krimsky, M.; Forster, D. E.; Llabre, M. M.; & Jha, A. P. (2017): The influence of time on task on mind wandering and visual working memory. Cognition, (169), 84-90.


31. Lawson, B. (2019): What Designers know? (M. Shahi Trans.), Yazda, Tehran.


32. Mirzaee, Sh., Teymori, S. & Nezhadsatari, S. (2013): Mana dar Makan v Afarinesh Hoviat, Motaleat Meli, 13(2), 121-141.


33. Mitchell, R. L. C.; & Phillips, L. H. (2015): The overlapping relationship between emotion perception and theory of mind. Neuropsychologia, (70), 1-10.


34. Mokhtabad-emraei, S.M., & Panahi S. (2007): Analysing the Role of Interior Architecture in Manifestation of the Meaning in Science Fiction Film, Honar-ha-ye-ziba, (30), 107-118.


35. Mondschein, A.; & Moga, S T. (2018): New Directions in Cognitive-Environmental Research, Journal of the American Planning Association, (84), 263-275, DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2018.1526644


36. Moosavi, S., Shakoor, A. (2019): Investigating the role of urban signs with the emphasis on identifying space (Case study: Shahid Chamran Boulevard, Shiraz). Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 9(35), 1-10.


37. Noghrekar, A.H., &, Mannan-Raeisi, M. (2012): Realization of Islamic Identity in Architecture Works. Studies on Iranian Islamic City. (3), 41-52.


38. Noghrekar, A.H., Mardomi, A., &, Mannan-Raeisi, M. (2012): Query about the Epistemological Foundation of Contemporary Architecture. Armanshahr. 9(5), 143-152.


39. Pallasma, J. (2015): The eyes of the skin: With an analytical article on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's philosophy and architectures (A. Fakhrkonandeh, Trans.), ParhamNaghsh, Tehran.


40. Pourdeihimi, Sh. (2016): The human aspects of the housing environment. Armanshahr, Tehran.


41. Rafieian, M., Rafieian, M., Bemanian, M. (2019): Analysis on Meaning Quality of Urban Public Places, Yazd, Iran. Human Geography Research, 51(2), 411-428.


42. Rezazadeh, R., & Mirheidar, S. (2012): Mashhad Railway Square Design Relying on the Principles of Environmental Perception, Iranian Architecture and Urbanism, (4), 85-98.


43. Rezvani, N., Behzadfar, M., Habibi, K. (2017): The Evaluation of Environmental qualities in historic tissues based on sense of place (Case study: the Sarcheshme Neighborhood of Gorgan). Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 8(29), 23-42.


44. Sajadzadeh, H., Eris, B. (2017): The study of meaning production in urban spaces based on the structuration theory case study: Tabriz Bazaar, Human Geography Research, 49(2), 273-287.


45. Salarifar, M., Masoomi, M. (2017): An investigation into the impact of physical-environmental factors in designing urban open spaces on incresing social safety in informal settlements (Case Study: Informal settlements in Sabzevar). Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 8(30), 145-162.


46. Sarmad, Z., Bazargan, A., & Hejazi, E. (2012): Ravesh-haye Tahghigh dar Olom Raftari. Aghah, Tehran, Iran.


47. shakoor, A., abdolahzade fard, A., khorshidi, R. (2018): The influence of Physical Structure on social correlation formation (Case Study: Ghasrodasht Neighborhood, Shiraz). Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 9(33), 85-96.


48. Tarkashvand, A., Jahanbakhsh, H., KarimiNezhad, M. (2018): Recognition of Components Affecting the Formation of Identity and Collective Memory Around Historic Bridges (Case Study: Langroud City). Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism, 8(13), 5-14.


49. Ujang, N. & Zakariya, K. (2015): The notion of place, place meaning and identity in urban regeneration. Social and Behavioral Sciences, (170), 709-717.


50. Voskamp, M.; Spiller, M.; Stremke, S.; Bregt, A. K.; Vreugdenhil, C.; & Rijnaarts, H. H. M. (2018): Space-time information analysis for resource-conscious urban planning and design: A stakeholder based identification of urban metabolism data gaps. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, (128), 516-525.


51. Sheikhi, H., Rezaei, M. (2017): Evaluating environmental quality of walking- based urban spaces and social responding (case study: Ferdowsi Street of Ilam), Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 8(29), 83-98.


52. Spaulding, S. (2015): On direct social perception. Consciousness and Cognition, (36), 472-482.