Measuring and evaluating urban neighborhood’s resilience against earthquake: the case of Zanjan downtown
Subject Areas :
S. Zarghami
1
(دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)
A. Teymouri
2
(دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)
H. Mohammadian
3
(دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)
A. Shamaei
4
(دانشگاه خوارزمی)
Keywords: neighborhood, Resilience, Earthquake, Zanjan downtown.arthquake,
Abstract :
Measuring and evaluating resilience against earthquake is one of the main theoretical and practical concepts in crisis management. During the last few decades, rapid peace of urbanization and development of poor urban area (particularly in developing countries) have led to increased vulnerability of them against crisis oriented from human and natural factors. Accordingly, creating more resilience cities is very important. This paper aimed to measure and analysis Zanjan downtown neighborhoods’ resilience based on four physical, economic, social and managerial dimensions. The 14 expert’s perspectives have been used to physical vulnerability. Results revealed that more than 79 percent of building ranked in high and very high vulnerability. We used resident’s perspectives to measure managerial, economic and social resilience. Three neighborhood were selected based on random sampling and Cochran’s formula was employed to determine sample size. We used Pearson and regression tests to analyze questioners. Finding showed that level of resilience in Zanjan downtown is not favorable. Moreover, social dimension and environmental have highest and lowest impacts on resilience, respectively.
ample size. We used Pearson and regression tests to analyze questioners. Finding showed that level of resilience in Zanjan downtown is not favorable. Moreover, social dimension and environmental have highest and lowest impacts on resilience, respectively.
امینی، الهام. (1384). تبیین مفهوم بافت شهری و نقش آن در کاهش خطرات ناشی از زلزله، خلاصه مقالات کنفرانس بین المللی مخاطرات زمین، بلایای طبیعی، و راهکارهای مقابله با آن، تبریز. دانشگاه تبریز.
رنجبر، محسن، اشراقی، مهدی و ایرانمنش، قاضی (1386). تهیه الگوی پایگاه اطلاعاتی مکانی به منظور مکان یابی محل‌های استقرار موقت جمعیت‌های آسیب دیده ناشی از زلزله. اولین همایش مقابله با سوانح طبیعی. پردیش فنی دانشگاه تهران.
عکاشه، بهرام (1383). آماده نبودن ما بحران می‌آفریند. ویژه نامه همایش علمی کاربردی توسعه محله ای چشم انداز توسعه پایدار تهران. شماره هشتم. شهرداری تهران.
فلاحی، علیرضا، جلالی، تارا (1392)، بازسازی تابآور از دیدگاه طراحی شهری پس از زلزله بم، نشریه هنرهای زیبا – معماری و شهرسازی، شماره3.صص 16-5.
مرکز آمار ایران (1390). سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن، بلوک‌های آماری شهر زنجان.
نیکمردنمین، سارا، برکپور، ناصر، عبدالهی، مجید(1393)، کاهش خطرات زلزله با تاکید بر عوامل اجتماعی رویکرد تابآوری نمونه موردی منطقه 22 تهران، فصلنامه مدیریت شهری، شماره 37، زمستان 93، صص 34-19.
Alexander, D. (2011). Resilience against earthquakes: some practical suggestions for planners and managers. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 13(2), 109.
Buckle P., Marsh G. and Smale S. (2003) Reframing risk, hazards, disasters, and daily life: A report of research into local appreciation of risks and threats, The Australian Journal of Emergency Management 18(2) May 81-87.
Buckle P. (2006) “Assessing Social Resilience” in Disaster Resilience an Integrated Approach edited by D. Paton and D. Johnston, pg 88-104, Charles C Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois.
Carpenter, S. R. et al. (2001), "From metaphor to measurement: Resilience of what to what?” Ecosystems, 4, Pp. 765-781.
Godschalk, D. R. (2003). Urban hazard mitigation: creating resilient cities. Natural hazards review, 4(3), 136-143.
Gunderson, L.H. (2010). Ecological and human community resilience in response to natural disasters. Ecology and Society. 15(2): 323-331.
Hoffman, R.M. (1948). “A Generalised Concept of Resilience”, Textile Research Journal, 18(3), 141-148.
Healey, P. (1998). Building institutional capacity through collaborative approaches to urban planning. Environment and Planning A, 30(9), 1531-1546.
Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 1-23.
Klein, R.J.T., Smit, M.J., Goosen, H. and Hulsbergen, C. H. (1998). Resilience and vulnerability: Coastal dynamics or Dutch dikes? The Geographical Journal. 163(3): 259–268.
Maguire, B. & P. C. Hagen, (2007) "Disasters and communities: understanding social resilience”, The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, Vol. 22, Pp. 16-20.
Mileti, Dennis S. (1999). Disasters by design: A reassessment of natural hazards in the United States, Natural hazards and disasters. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press.
Mayunga, J. S.(2007), "Understanding and applying the concept of community disaster resilience: A capital-based approach", A Draft Working Paper Prepared for the Summer Academy for Social Vulnerability and Resilience Building, 22- 28 July 2007.
National Research Council, (2010), "Private- public sector collaboration to enhance community Disaster resilience", a workshop report; Washington, DC: NAP.
Norris F.H., Stevens S.P., Pfefferbaum B., Wyche K.F. and Pfefferbaum R.L. (2008) Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness, American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 127-150.
Pelling, M. (2003). The vulnerability of cities. London: Earth scan.
Rutten, R., Westlund, H., & Boekema, F. (2010). The Spatial Dimension of Social Capital. European Planning Studies, 18(6), 863-871.
Rose A.Z. (2009) Economic Resilience to Disasters, CREATE Research Archive.
Twigg J. (2007) Characteristics of a Disaster Resilient Community: A Guidance Note.
UNISDR (2009) www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology accessed on June 10, 2015.
Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social-ecological Systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2).
_||_