Analysis of the relationship between urban livability and environmental sustainability in area 22 of Tehran metropolis

Subject Areas : Sustainable urban development

amir hossin hekmati ¹ , hamidreza joodaki ² , yousefali ziari ³

1 - PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran
2 - Assistant pprofessor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2022-12-31 Accepted : 2023-03-11 Published : 2024-09-21

Keywords: Environmental Sustainability, urban livability, 22nd district of Tehran,

Abstract :

Today, more than half of the world's people live in cities, and on the one hand, cities are considered as the centers of social, economic and spatial development. On the other hand, they are the most suitable places where economic, social and environmental issues and problems appear. Urban sustainability seeks to protect the environment, economic survival and diversity, generational equality. The use of renewable resources is minimal. Today, urban livability as a wide range of necessities for people living in a community, such as diverse housing options, economic development, built environment with mixed use, access to a wide range of services and facilities, access to green space, human-centered transportation, helps the quality of life of the community, reaching It facilitates sustainable development. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between urban livability and environmental sustainability in District 22 of Tehran metropolis. The research method is descriptive-analytical and using field data (questionnaire). The statistical sample in order to collect field data in this study under the statistical sample consists of the total size of the statistical sample equal to 384 people. Its analysis has been done using Pearson correlation analysis of the components. According to the results of the test, in which the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.916 and the significance level is zero, it means that there is a significant and positive relationship between urban livability and environmental sustainability. According to the Pearson's correlation coefficient, all the components of the bio-friendly city have a significant relationship with one dimension of environmental sustainability, and according to the coefficient numbers, it can be said that all the relationships are positive, which shows that the relationship between each of the components of the bio-friendly city and the dimensions of environmental sustainability has a direct relationship. The components of the sustainable city are reduced and vice versa. Extended Abstract Introduction: In recent decades, due to the development of urbanization, the increasing population of cities and attention to the population of cities and towns has become very important. Due to the change of viewpoints from mere standardization to qualitative viewpoints and the introduction of sustainable development approach and theory instead of macro-economic and physical viewpoints, issues of quality of life and sustainable city have been given attention. Livability in its general sense means achieving livability, quality of good urban planning and sustainable place. District 22 of Tehran is located in the extreme west of the metropolis of Tehran, which has unique characteristics and in terms of climate and nature, it has special characteristics with a background of agriculture and animal husbandry, therefore, with the increasing urban development in the capital, which is saturated in the central areas, entering the peripheral areas And it is less developed with less density like Region 22, which can be managed with planning to develop urban spaces in a sustainable and balanced manner, which can bring a bright future with a favorable environment and also preserve potential urban spaces for the next generation. Among the problems of the 22nd district of Tehran, we can mention the non-standard constructions that have caused a significant increase in the population in this area and created heavy traffic. Also, the vastness of the area and the existence of many entertainment and tourism centers that attract a lot of people have made it difficult to ensure the security of the area.The purpose of the current research is to provide a foundation for research in the field of bio-friendly city. Also, it seeks to analyze the dimensions and indicators of bio-friendly city through a deep descriptive and analytical analysis, and the important question of the research is that what are the feasibility of the important indicators of bio-friendly city in achieving environmental sustainability in the 22nd district of Tehran? Methodology: The type of applied-developmental research and the research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on the objectives of the study area in the 22nd district of Tehran, in this research using a combination of documentary or library studies and experimental tests. and the field has been devoted to the processing of the research subject. In this research, questionnaires, interviews with residents of the area and field observation of the area are used to collect information. The size of the population was 384 people who were randomly selected in the study area and the prepared questionnaire was distributed among them. The analysis method of the T. test and the analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficient of the components Results and discussion: In this part, the beginning of the binary comparison of the indicators of each of the criteria is extracted from the questionnaire completed by the experts, and then their weight is calculated from the Expert choice program.According to the objective of evaluating urban livability, it was less than 0.05, which indicates a very suitable compatibility in binary comparisons. Also, the weighted average extracted from the T. test. The environmental dimension with 69.77% is the best situation and the socio-cultural dimension with 45.01% is the worst among the dimensions of urban livability in the 22nd district of Tehran, and also it is clear that the urban livability level in the 22nd district of Tehran is 57.42%, which is evaluated close to the average level.According to the Pearson's correlation coefficient, all the components of the bio-friendly city with one dimension of environmental sustainability have a significant relationship at the 0.01 level, which according to the correlation coefficient numbers, it can be said that all the relationships are positive, which shows that the relationship between each of the components of the bio-friendly city and the dimensions of environmental sustainability has a direct relationship. It is found that each of the components of the sustainable city will decrease with its decrease and vice versa.In other words, by improving and increasing the livability of the city, which includes urban, environmental, social, cultural and economic infrastructure and services, we will witness a significant increase in the sustainability of the desired environment. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between urban livability and environmental sustainability is confirmed. Conclusion: Today, cities have faced many challenges in the economic, social and environmental fields. At the same time, the increase in population along with the increasing ratio of urbanization has brought harmful consequences for cities. The continuation of this type of urbanization with social, economic and environmental problems is a crisis and a warning of instability in our cities. Other problems reduce the quality of life and consequently livability in the city of Harabe. Therefore, the necessity and importance of the discussion of livability and sustainable development in cities today is clearly visible. Livability and sustainable development are concepts and approaches that ultimately bring all kinds of problems to the citizens of a remote city. Sustainable development is generally a balance of goals. economic, social and environmental points and gives a very favorable perspective of the future. In this direction, the present research has been conducted by analyzing the relationship between urban livability and environmental sustainability in the 22nd district of Tehran metropolis. The results of the research show that the environmental dimension with 69.77% has the best status and the social and cultural dimension with 45.01% has the worst status among the dimensions of urban livability in the 22nd district of Tehran metropolis and so on. From this table, it is clear that the urban livability rate in the 22nd district of Tehran is 57.42%, which is close to the average level .Finally, the following suggestions and solutions can be presented for the implementation of urban livability in the direction of environmental sustainability in the 22nd district of Tehran.

References:

• 1-Asiabanipour, Elham, Panahi, Ali Ahmadzadeh, Hassan (2021) Objective evaluation of urban livability in the ten regions of Shahratberiz, Human Geography Research, Volume 53, Number 2.(in Persian)


• 2- Ahmedpour, Ahmed, Astana Darban, Alireza, Zangeh Shahraki, Saeed and Vishiva Pourqorban (2019) Evaluation and analysis of the effective factors of urban viability in Kish Island, Urban Planning Geography Research, Volume 8, Number 1.(in Persian)


• -3 Ameen, R. F. M, Mourshed, M. (2019). Urban sustainability assessment frameworkdevelopment: The ranking and weighting of sustainability indicators using analytic hierarchy process. Sustainable Cities and Society, 44, 356- 366


• 4-Amit Chatterjee, Gaurav Vaidya, N. K. Paulose, Premjeet Das Gupta(2020). Exploring Livability in the Era of Smart City: A Case of Bhopal, Smart Living for Smart Cities: 103-144.


• 5- Ardeshiri, Mehyar (2014), "City and sustainable development", collection of articles, Shiraz University. .(in Persian)


• 5- Akdami, Hamid; Mohajiri, Atta; Meuh, Razieh (2016), "New Cities and Sustainable Urban Development", Modern World Urban Development, Architecture and Urban Development Magazine, 1-10.(in Persian)


• 6-Blassingame, L., (2010),"Sustainable cities: oxymoron, utopia, or inevitability?" Social Science Journal, 35: 1-13.


• 7-Dajian, P., & Peter, R. P. (2010). World Expo and urban life quality in Shanghai in terms of sustainable development. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 4(1), 247-67.


• 8- Hataminejad, Hossein, Hatami, Ahmad and Mozdak Ahmadinejad, (2018) measuring dimensions and indicators of livability in the city of Noorabad Delfan, Quarterly Journal of Sustainable Development of the Geographical Environment, Year 1, Issue 1.(in Persian)


• 9- Hataminejad, Hossein, Madanlujoybari, Masoud, Kuresh Akhwan Heydari (2018) Spatial analysis of the physical livability of the city of Hawaz, Development Planning Journal, Year 4, Number 1.(in Persian)


• 10-Khidralo, Aram, Abedini, Asghar (2022) A comparative study of livability in the new and old context of cities, the case study: Roumieh city, Urban Studies Scientific Journal, No. 11(42) .(in Persian)


• 11-Leach, J. M. et al., )2017(, Improving City-Scale Measures of Livable Sustainability: A Study of UrbanMeasurement and Assessment Through Application to the City of Birmingham, UK, Cities 71, 80-87. https://www.elsevier.com/locate/cities


• 12- Leby, J.L., Hashim, A.H(2012)Livability Dimensions and Attributes: Their Relative Importance in the Eyes of Neighborhood Residents. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 12 (1)


• 13-L Liang, X Deng, P Wang, Z Wang, L Wang (2020). Assessment of the impact of climate change on cities livability in China, Science of The Total Environment, 726                      


• 14-Liu, and Lin, )2017(, Urban Livability and Tourism Development in China: Analysis of Sustainable Development by Means of Spatial Panel Data. Habitat International, Vol. 68, PP 99-107.


• 15- Lowe, M., Whitzman, C., Badland, H., Davern,M., Hes, D., Aye, L., Butterworth, I. and Giles- Corti, B., )2013.( Livable, healthy, sustainable: What are the key indicators for Melbourne neighborhoods? The conceptual meaning of livability and its importance to planning today :A case study of the regeneration of Cardiff Bay,2014 Author: Spencer Powell (130126436).


• 16-Luvuno, Londoloza Leo ,(2020)Analysis of municipal demarcation on financial non-viability of theVhembe District Municipality, Thesis, D. Phil. (Public Administration and Management: 12.


• 17-Mirzad, Abbas. Mirani, Masoumeh. Mirzapourian, Soraya (2015), "Examination of sustainable development criteria (case example of Ilam city)", the first international conference and the third national conference on architecture and sustainable urban landscape.(in Persian)


• 18- Mohammadpour, Mahdakht (2015). New cities and sustainable development of the city, the second international conference on architecture, civil engineering and urban planning at the beginning of the third millennium, Tehran.(in Persian)


• 19-Nasr, Tahereh, Emadi, Maryam (2022) Investigating the role of socio-cultural sustainability indicators in the development of public spaces of the investigated cities: Khaldbarin Park and Bagh Aram Streets-Shiraz, Urban Environment Policy Quarterly, Volume 1, Number 4.(in Persian)


• 20-Perogordo, M. D., (2007) The Silesia Megapolis, European Spatial Planning.


• 21-Qasimpour Arash, Amjadi Melai Alireza, livability of urban spaces, Sokhnoran Publications, 2016. .(in Persian)


• 22-Radcliff, B. (2001). Politics, markets and life satisfaction: the Political economy of human happiness, American Political science Review.


• 23-Sahibi, Mostafa, Farahani, Maryam, Motahari, Saeed (2022) Structural modeling of the factors influencing the livability of the metropolis of Kermanshah, Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 12 (3) .(in Persian)


• 24- Saitluanga.W (2013), “Planning Sustainable and livability cities”, Stephen.


•   25   - Sephond, Reza, Arif Nejad, Mohsen (2012) Prioritization of indicators of sustainable urban development, Baravikord analysis and hierarchical group analysis (case study of Isfahan city), Urban Planning Studies, 1(1) .(in Persian)


• 26-Senlier, N., Yildiz, R., & Aktaş, E. D. (2009). A perception survey for the evaluation of urban quality of life in Kocaeli and a comparison of the life satisfaction with the European cities. Social Indicators Research, 94(2), 213-226.


• 27-Shahriari, Mohammad Reza, Meshk Saz, Parisa (2022) Measurement of livability indicators in urban neighborhoods, a case study: Qasrdasht neighborhood of Shiraz, Journal of Urban and Regional Policy, Volume 1, Number 3.(in Persian)


• 28-Sofeska, E.,) 2017(, Understanding the Livability in a City Through Smart Solutions and Urban PlanningToward Developing Sustainable Livable Future of the City of Skopje, International Conference –Green Urbanism, Procedia Environmental Sciences 37, PP. 442-453.


• 29-Vivek Shandas .(2020). Urban Heat and Livability, Urban Adaptation to Climate Change, 165:1-4.


• 30-Wheeler (2001), Planning Sustainable and livability cities, Stephen. www.camsys.com/kb experts-livability. Htms


• 31-Zhan, D., Kwan, M. P., Zhang, W., Fan, J., Yu, J., & Dang, Y. (2018). Assessment and determinants ofsatisfaction with urban livability in China. Cities, Vol. 79, PP. 92-101.


• 32- Ziari, Karamatullah, Hatami, Ahmed, Masbahi, Sahroohasan Ashuri (2018) Evaluation and analysis of dimensions and components of livability of small cities in the direction of sustainable development, a case study: Bandar Dilam, Geography Quarterly (Regional Planning, Year 9, Number 4) .(in Persian)