Modeling the barriers to the realization of the participation of elites in the sustainable social and economic development of cities (Case study: the city Sisakht)
Subject Areas : Urban policy
ashkan rahimizadeh
1
,
hamid saberi
2
*
,
احمد خادم الحسینی
3
,
Mehri Azani
4
1 - Department of Geography ,Tourism Research Center,Najafabad beranch , Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor of Tourism Research Center , Department of Geography and Urban planning, Najafabad Branch Islamic Azad University Najafabad Branch Iran.
3 - دانشیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری واحد نجف آباد
4 - Islamic Azad University Najafabad Branch, Faculety of Human Department of Geography
Keywords: participation of elites, sustainable urban development, sustainable social development, sustainable economic development, the city Sisakht.,
Abstract :
Elites with special knowledge and experience can improve processes and provide new solutions for the development of cities. This partnership also helps to create innovative spaces, promote entrepreneurship and create job opportunities. On the other hand, elite participation in decisions related to urban development increases transparency and good governance in public affairs and helps to achieve sustainable development in social and economic dimensions. The aim of the current research is to identify the barriers to the realization of the participation of the elites in the sustainable social and economic development of the city of Sisakht and to design the connections of these factors. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to identify obstacles, the method of content analysis was used. In the structural-interpretive modeling section, the opinions of experts and experts in the urban area and research centers have been used through the Delphi method. The data collection tool is in the form of an interview and a two-way questionnaire, and the criterion of face validity was used to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. The relationships between the barriers to the realization of the participation of the elites in the sustainable social and economic development of the city of Sisakht have been determined and analyzed in an integrated way using a new analytical methodology called Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). From the MICMAC analysis, the types of variables were identified and leveled according to their influence and effectiveness on other variables. The findings of the research showed that the obstacles of lack of government support and institutions, traditional and conservative thinking and lack of communication and coordination between elites and urban officials with the influence power of 10 have the greatest impact and the obstacles of not paying attention to education and research and the lack of suitable job opportunities together with the Penetration power 2 has the least effect.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
In our society, Iran, the need for the participation of the elite society is felt more than before; Because the increase in population and urbanization have been widespread phenomena in the last hundred years, which have faced both industrialized countries and developing countries with new challenges. Therefore, empowering people, reducing urban problems and achieving development in Iran, which is in the transition period from a traditional to a modern society, is considered as a basic issue in urban management, which can only be achieved with proper and optimal use. It can be achieved from the existing abilities and talents of citizens and urban elites within the framework of participation programs. This is while in many big cities, the urban infrastructures are not compatible with the growing trend of the urban population.Now that in the cities of our country, including the city Sisakht, we have witnessed the increasing trend of population growth, urbanization, the occurrence of numerous economic, social and environmental problems on the one hand, and the inefficiency of the management and control methods of urban development, in order to solve the problems and On the other hand, the aforementioned bottlenecks have created chaotic and unstable conditions for this city. In this regard, naturally, the strong social interactions of the past and the sense of solidarity of that time cannot in any way be an executive guarantee for future times; The participation of elites and city residents in matters related to their living environment is a kind of empowering them in the form of a skill in order to assume more responsibility. This leads to the acceptance and support of urban projects and the success of the officials and the urban management complex. In fact, today the importance of the effective role of elites, people and their participation in moving towards urban development is evident and is important as a fundamental issue.
Methodology
The aim of the current research is to identify the barriers to the realization of the participation of the elites in the sustainable social and economic development of the city of Sisakht and to design the communication of these factors. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of results. In the interpretative structural modeling section, the opinions of academic experts in the field of tourism and research centers have been used through the Delphi method. In this research, the data collection tools are in the form of interviews and questionnaires, and to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire or any measurement tool, the criterion of face validity has been used. Interpretive-structural modeling is a systematic and structured method for establishing relationships and understanding relationships between elements of a complex system, which was introduced by Warfield in 1974. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is an interactive process in which a set of different elements and related to each other are structured in a comprehensive systematic model. This method examines the complex relationships between the elements of a system; In other words, it is a tool by which the group can overcome the complexity between the elements. This methodological framework helps to create and direct the complex relationships between the elements of a system. The main idea of interpretative structural modeling is to break down a complex system into several subsystems, using practical experience and expert knowledge in order to build a multi-level structural model.
Results and discussion
The participation of elites in the sustainable social and economic development of cities is essential and vital, which is important for various reasons. Elites, as people with high abilities and technical knowledge, can play a significant role in the improvement and development of cities. With their active participation in decision-making and urban planning processes, it is possible to help improve public facilities, raise the standard of living of citizens, create job opportunities, solve environmental problems, develop local industries, and develop the region's economy. Also, with the increasing participation of elites, new ideas and innovations will emerge to solve urban problems and the process of urban development will be more sustainable and intelligent. Therefore, encouraging and supporting elite participation in urban development should be one of the important priorities of urban planning and policymaking.
Conclusion
The results of this research show that the obstacles of lack of government support and institutions, traditional and conservative thinking and lack of communication and coordination between the elites and city officials with the influence power of 10 are the most effective and the obstacles are lack of attention to education and research and lack of suitable job opportunities. It has the least effect together with penetration power of 2. The obstacles are lack of effective communication between universities and industry (12), lack of attention to the opinions of elites (8), lack of adherence to laws and regulations (10), lack of suitable job opportunities (2) and lack of attention to education and research (9). It is the influence of other factors and from a systemic point of view, it is one of the effective and dependent elements. In other words, many factors are involved in creating this variable, and they themselves are less likely to cause other obstacles. Obstacles such as traditional and conservative thinking (6) and the lack of government support and institutions (3) are considered to be difficult obstacles for attracting the participation of the elites in the sustainable social and economic development of the city, which have a great impact on The participation of these sections of the society in the city is studied, and these barriers have high power of influence and less dependency. The obstacles of lack of specific policies to encourage elite participation (1), the existence of systemic corruption and lack of transparency (4), lack of financial resources (5) and lack of access to technology and information (7) were included in the group of independent (autonomous) obstacles that have power Influence and dependence are weak. These obstacles are relatively unrelated to the system and have few and weak connections with the system. Also, the lack of communication and coordination between the elites and city officials (11) is one of the barriers of connection and has a high power of influence and dependence. In fact, any action on this variable will change other obstacles.
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