The Effectiveness of Filial Therapy on Fear of Coronavirus in Children

Subject Areas : Child

zahra ahmadian ¹ , Sara Zadafshar ² , Ahmad Abedi ³

1 - MA of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 - Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Received: 2021-05-23 Accepted : 2024-03-04 Published : 2024-03-11

Keywords: play therapy, filial therapy, fear of coronavirus, children,

Abstract :

The purpose of current study was to investigate the effectiveness of filial therapy on fear of coronavirus in children. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of children with complain of fear of coronavirus visiting counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran, from among whom 22 people were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of filial therapy sessions, while the control group received no training. Data collection instrument was fear of covid-19 scale (FCV-19S) (Ahorsu et al, 2020) that was standardized and visualized in children society. Date were analyzed by univariate covariance in SPSS version 21. filial therapy was an effective intervention in reducing fear of coronavirus in children (p<0.01). filial therapy, like other psychological and pharmacological interventions, can improve the fear of coronavirus in children. Key words: play therapy, filial therapy, fear of coronavirus, children

References:

Abedy, A. R., Seyyedghaleh, A., & Bahramipour, M. (2017). Comparison of the effectiveness of filial therapy and Barkley's parent training program in reducing the symptoms of anxiety and ADHD in children. Journal of Exceptional Children, 17(3), 111-120. [Persian]
Abolmaali Alhosseini, K. (2020). Psychological and instructional consequences of corona disease (COVID-19) and coping strategies with them. Educational Psychology, 16(55), 157-93.
Adili, S., Mirzaie, R. R., & ABEDI, A. (2019). The effectiveness of filial therapy on the quality of parent-child interactions and health-related quality of life in children with behavioral/emotional problems. Journal of Exceptional Children, 19 (1), 59-70. [Persian]
Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International journal of mental health and addiction.
Alivandi-vafa, M., & Ismail, K. (2010). Parents as agents of change: what filial therapy has to offer. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5(2010), 2165–217.
Asmundson, G. J., & Taylor, S. (2020). Coronaphobia: Fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Journal of anxiety disorders, 70, 102196.
Barkley, R.A. (2006). Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed). New York: Gilford Press.
Beijan, L. L. (2020). Incorporating interpersonal neurobiology in child parent relationship therapy. International Journal of Play Therapy, 29(2), 65–73.
Chen, F., Zheng, D., Liu, J., Gong, Y., Guan, Z., & Lou, D. (2020). Depression and anxiety among adolescents during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 88, 36.
Cornett, N., & Bratton, S. C. (2015). A golden intervention: 50 years of research on filial therapy. International Journal of Play Therapy, 24(3), 119.
Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300-302.
Ebrahimi, E., Mirzaie, H., Borujeni, M. S., Zahed, G., Baghban, A. A., & Mirzakhani, N. (2019). The Effect of Filial Therapy on Depressive Symptoms of Children with Cancer and Their Mother’s Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 20(10), 2935.
Ehmke, R. (2020). Talking to kids about the coronavirus. Child Mind Institute, 84(84), 1-7.

Garcia de Avila, M. A., Hamamoto Filho, P. T., Jacob, F. L. D. S., Alcantara, L. R. S., Berghammer, M., Jenholt Nolbris, M., ... & Nilsson, S. (2020). Children’s anxiety and factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory study using the children’s anxiety questionnaire and the numerical rating scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), 5757.
Ghosh, R., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., & Dubey, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on children: special focus on the psychosocial aspect. Minerva Pediatrica, 72(3), 226-235.
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506.
Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112954.
Husseini Ardakani, A. (2019). The effects of play therapy based on parent-child relationship on reducing separation anxiety disorder. Journal of Psychology New Ideas, 3(7), 1-15. [Persian]
Jang M. Effectiveness of filial therapy for Korean parents. Int J Play Ther. 2000;9:39–48.
Jiang, X., Deng, L., Zhu, Y., Ji, H., Tao, L., Liu, L., ... & Ji, W. (2020). Psychological crisis intervention during the outbreak period of new coronavirus pneumonia from experience in Shanghai. Psychiatry Research, 286, 112903.
Kaba, D., & Sari, B. A. (2020). Acute stress disorder with panic episodes induced by exposure to COVID-19 outbreak news in a child.
Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, A., Matin, L., Falsafinejad, M. R., & Sanagoo, A. (2019). The Effect of Increasing Awareness of Puberty Changes on the Resilience and Distress Tolerance in Female Teens. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 7(1), 1-8. [Persian].
Landreth, G. L., & Bratton, S. C. (2005). Child parent relationship therapy (CPRT): A 10-session filial therapy model. Routledge.
Lindo, N. A., Opiola, K., Ceballos, P. L., Chen, S. Y., Meany-Walen, K. K., Cheng, Y. J. Barcenas, G., Reader, E., & Blalock, S. (2016). The impact of supervised filial therapy training on attitude, knowledge, and skills. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 24(3), 239-246.
Liu, J. J., Bao, Y., Huang, X., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(5), 347-349.
Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102073.
Mangolian Shahrbabaki, P., Dehghan, M., Maazallahi, M., & Asadi, N. (2021). Fear and anxiety in girls aged 7 to 11 years old and related factors during the coronavirus pandemic. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13591045211013873.
Martin, A., Volkmar, F. R., & Lewis, M. (Eds.). (2007). Lewis's child and adolescent psychiatry: a comprehensive textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Martinsen, K. D., Rasmussen, L. M. P., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Holen, S., Sund, A. M., Pedersen, M. L., ... & Neumer, S. P. (2021). Change in quality of life and self-esteem in a randomized controlled CBT study for anxious and sad children: can targeting anxious and depressive symptoms improve functional domains in schoolchildren?. BMC psychology, 9(1), 1-14.
McDonnell, W. M., Nelson, D. S., & Schunk, J. E. (2012). Should we fear “flu fear” itself? Effects of H1N1 influenza fear on ED use. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 30(2), 275-282.
Ren, S. Y., Gao, R. D., & Chen, Y. L. (2020). Fear can be more harmful than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in controlling the corona virus disease 2019 epidemic. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 8(4), 652.
Seyyedi Andi, S. M., Najafi, M., & Rahimian Boogar, I. Comparison of the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy and filialtherapy on the levels of theory of mind in children with separation anxiety disorder. Journal of psychologicalscience, 63-76.
Shahni, R., Davoudi, I., Mehrabi Zadeh Hounarmand, M., & Zargar, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of Parent-Based Intervention on Anxiety Symptoms and Externalizing Problems of 6-9 Years Old Children. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 51-62. [Persian]
Shahyad, S., & Mohammadi, M. T. (2020). Psychological impacts of Covid-19 outbreak on mental health status of society individuals: a narrative review. Journal of Military Medicine, 22(2). [Persian]
Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., & Trockel, M. (2020). Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jama, 323(21), 2133-2134.
Shen, K., Yang, Y., Wang, T., Zhao, D., Jiang, Y., Jin, R., ... & Gao, L. (2020). Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World journal of pediatrics, 16(3), 223-231.
Tal, R., Tal, K., & Green, O. (2017). Child-parent relationship therapy with extra familial abused children. Journal of child sexual abuse. 27(4), 386-402.
Taylor, S. (2019). The psychology of pandemics: Preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
VanFleet, R., & Guerney, L. F. (Eds.). (2003). Casebook of filial therapy. Play Therapy Press.
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report–34. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization
Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 26, e923549-1.
Zhu, Z., Xu, S., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Wu, J., Li, G., & Zhu, S. (2020). COVID-19 in Wuhan: Immediate Psychological Impact on 5062 Health Workers. medRxiv.
Zolfaghari, A., & Elahi, T. (2020). Children's level of anxiety in relation to their level of awareness and attitude towards corona virus based on the health belief model and the level of stress, anxiety and depression of mothers. Journal of Research in Psychological Health, 14(1), 40-55.